فصلنامه مطالعات روانشناسی بالینی
پیاپی 36 (پاییز 1398)

Cancer is a potentially fatal and chronic disease that is diagnosed with negative emotions such as anger. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of mindfulness training on improving the experience of anger and self-compassion in cancer patients. This was a semi-experimental study with a control group. The statistical population of this study was cancer patients referred to health centers in Tehran in 1977. Samples were selected by convenience sampling method and randomly assigned to experimental and control groups. The experimental group was trained in mindfulness. The Self-Compassion Scale (SCS) and Multidimensional Anger Inventory (MAI) were used for data collection. Results of the statistical analysis of anger scores (P< 0.01) and self-compassion (P< 0.001) in the experimental group showed that their condition was better than the control group. Mindfulness can be used to reduce mental health problems and thus to achieve better therapeutic outcomes.

cognitive-behavioral therapy and neurofeedback are used as a treatment technique for disease and disorders. The present study aimed to compare effectiveness of these two techniques in women with major depression from Tehran. This study was a semi-experimental design with pretest-posttest and control group. The study was conducted on women referring four counseling clinics in Tehran during summer and autumn of 1397, and based on psychiatrists interviews and DSM 5 criteria, had major depression disorder. Subjects took part in this study voluntarily and their replacement in two groups of neurofeedback method and cognitive-behavioral therapy was done randomly using random numbers. Participants were in three groups: group of neurofeedback treatment (15 patients), cognitive therapy protocol group (15 patients), and control group (15 patients) who didn’t receive treatment interventions. Lovibond and Lovibond depression anxiety stress scale (DASS) questionnaire was used for data collection. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, variance analysis and dependent T test.  After intervention in cognitive-behavioral group, the mean score for cognitive-behavioral treatment group had 26 reduction (recovery of patients). While scores in neurofeedback grouphad 22 grades reduction (recovery of patients).  Neurofeedback is an effective therapeutic option for reducing depression in treatment center. Therefore, psychologists can use neurofeedback treatment for reducing depression.

Difficulty in emotion regulation causes employing unadjustment strategies to respond to emotions. The basic distinction between cognitive approach and other approaches is the emphasis on this approach to mental processes. The purpose of this research is studying the effect of attention biase modification on emotion regulation and its items in people with avoidant attachent syle.

Thus 60 persons of Semnan counselling centers clients in 2018-2019 were selected randomly as sample of the research. Difficulty in Emotion Regulation questionnaire, Experience in Close Relationship questionnaire and Superlab software were used for participates scores evaluating. The scores of emotional adjustment variables and its dimensions in both pre and post test phases were analyzed using repeated measure multivariate analysis of variance analysis.

The findings determined attention bias modification by dot probe could reduce difficulty in emotion regulation and make some significant effects on emotion regulation subscales.

Results showed attention bias modification can make intervention in order to reduce emotion regulation problems. Also this way can be useful in treatment by emotional and attentional bias approach.

The aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of psychological intervention on dysfunctional attitude, general health and psychological well-being of bus drivers. The research method was quasi-experimental with pretest-posttest. In order to carry out this research, 158 bus drivers of the bus company in Tehran who were introduced by this company to participate in a training course "psycho-social interventions for drivers", were selected according to the convenience sampling procedure, and were then randomly assigned to four groups recieving the trainings of anger, effective communication, and stress management. The instruments were Dysfunctional Attitude Scale, General Health Questionnaire and Ryff’s Scales of Psychological Well-Being. In order to collect the data, the participants were asked to answer both pre and post-test research scales. The data were analysed by multivariate analysis of variance. Findings show that the psychological intervention affected significantly on the reduction of dysfunctional attitude (F=4/47, P=0/03), promotion of general health (F=6/85, P=0/01) and psychological well-being (F=5/21, P=0/02) among bus drivers.

Many events in everyday life cause children to experience varying degrees of grief. Losing parents is one of the most important events that causes grief in children and can lead to significant emotional behavioral problems in them. The purpose of this study was to achieve the lived experience of mothers in the field of affective factors in emotional behavioral problems of grief children. The present study was a qualitative and content analysis method. Participants included 10 person from mothers of grief children 7 to 11 years old covered by the Ghaemshahr Relief Committee were selected using purposive sampling and their lived experience were collected through semi-structured interviews. Then the recorded interviews were transcripted and it was analyzed in Colaizzi Method. From the analysis of lived experience of participating mothers, extracted the four organizing content included child-related factors, family related factors, death-related factors, and supportive factors and 26 basic content. The most important basic content include child's age at the time of father's death, child relationship with deceased parent and survivor, consider different from peers, family economic status, sudden death and the lack of emotional support from the fatherly family. The factors derived from lived Experience of Mothers in the field of emotional behavioral problems of grief children can help in the formulation of an intervention appropriate with their cognitive, emotional and social development these children and also appropriate with the culture, community and family in which the child lives.

In recent decades, philosophy and children has been proposed under title including Philosophy for Children (P4C) in the field of education and philosophy. Given the importance of education for children in contemporary philosophy, this study examines the importance of teaching philosophy for children. The purpose of this study was to explain the effect of the "Philosophy for Children" educational program (P4C) on empathy and social problem solving in students. This research was carried out using a semi-experimental method. The statistical population of this study was all male students of the fifth grade elementary school of Hassan Abad city of Tehran. Using the convenience method, 30 male students of fifth grade elementary school were selected and randomly assigned to two groups of 15 subjects. Initially, both groups responded to Davis's revised Empathy questionnaire and social problem solving by D’Zurilla, et al. In the next stage, the experimental group was trained in philosophy for children and no training was provided to the control group. After the end of the training sessions, the questionnaires were returned to both groups of participants. Covariance analysis was used to analyze the data. In the end, it was determined that the implementation of this program can improve the empathy and the overall skill of social problem solving students (P <0/05). The results of this study suggest that participation in the "Philosophy for Children" curriculum leads to improved the empathy and the overall skill of solving the social problem.