International Journal of Aquatic Biology
Volume:8 Issue: 2, Apr 2020

The present investigation elucidates the synergistic effects of improvised ecological parameters and ripe papaya ( Carica papaya ) meal on skin pigmentation, growth performance and survival of Banded gourami, Trichogaster fasciata ,
under confined environment. A feeding trial of 60 days was done with initial length groups from 6.6 to 9.7 cm using five isonitrogenous experimental diets formulated by supplementing graded levels of carotenoids at 1 to 5% and a control without carotenoids. Two ecological parameters temperature and light intensity were elevated using artificial modulators. At the onset of the feeding trial, the total carotenoid concentration in fish muscle in both male (2.94±0.07 μg.g-1) and female (2.54±0.05 μg.g-1), respectively, which significantly increased, highest being in male (6.86±0.12 μg.g-1) and female (5.96±0.07 μg.g-1) fishes fed with 4% papaya meal. Positive correlation, (0.98) in male and (0.97) female was observed between elevated levels of dietary carotenoids and body pigmentation which revealed that incorporation of dietary carotenoids resulted in a significant increase in total carotenoid concentration in chromatophores. Congenial effects were observed on body indices was revealed by positive correlation of weight (0.79) to elevated levels of carotenoid and 100% survival rate of the fishes. The feeding regimes showed ripe papaya meal as cheap natural colour enhancer source can be safely supplemented at 4% levels in the diets to increase the skin pigmentation and optimum conditioning in optimized captive environment having temperature range of 26-28oC and light intensity 344.0-346 Lux, without any xenobiotic effect on Banded gourami.

This study aimed to investigate the effects of dietary olive leaf extract (OLE) on intestinal immune-related genes expression of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFa), interleukin 1 beta (IL1b), lysozyme (LYS), and mucin2 (MUC2). For this purpose, common carp (~15 g) were fed with 0 (control), 0.1 (OLE-0.1), 0.5 (OLE-0.5) and 1 (OLE-1) % OLE diets for eight weeks. The fish were sampled after one and eight weeks to study intestinal TNFa, IL1b, LYS, and MUC2 gene expressions. The results showed that dietary OLE administration significantly up-regulated intestinal TNFa gene expression after one (all OLE-treated groups) and eight (OLE-0.5) weeks. Moreover, OLE-0.1 and OLE-1 groups showed up-regulated intestinal IL1b expression, after one week, all the OLE-treated fish had significantly higher intestinal IL1b expression, after eight weeks. OLE had no significant effects on LYS gene expression after one week, but OLE-0.1 and OLE-0.5 had significantly higher gene expressions after eight weeks. OLE-0.1 and OLE-1 had significantly lower MUC2 gene expression after one week, but all OLE-treated fish had significantly higher MUC2 gene expression after eight weeks. In conclusion, dietary 0.1-0.5% OLE supplementation is suitable to support common carp intestinal health

The effect of dietary inclusion of differently timed dry heat-treated Jatropha curcas on the growth and economic performance of Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus , was evaluated in a 56-day feeding trial. Five isonitrogenous and isolipidic dietary treatments (35% crude protein and 10% crude lipid) were made consisting of soybean meal (control) which was replaced by J . curcas seed meal toasted either 5 min or 10 min at 20 and 40% to make other four test diets. A total of 225 juveniles of O . niloticus were acclimatized for a week, weighed and allotted into five dietary treatments. Each treatment was replicated three times with fifteen fish per replicate. Fish were fed 5% body weight on two equal proportions per day for 56 days. Growth data were collected at two-week intervals. The results from the study indicated that there was significant difference ( P <0.05) in the growth and economic performance parameters among the fish exposed to different dietary treatments. However, there was no significant variations ( P >0.05) in the different growth and economic performance parameters of fish fed CTR and fish fed D520T (5 min toasted, 20%). There was significant reduction in haematological and biochemical parameters of the blood of O. niloticus fed the different dietary treatments containing J. curcas seed meal. Based on economic and physiologic performance, soybean meal in Nile tilapia diet could be replaced up to 40% by 5-minute toasted

In the present study, distribution, and bioaccumulation of Cu, Zn, Cd, and Pb were analysed in water, sediment and freshwater fish tissues of Catla catla and Mystus seenghala which were seasonally collected from River Mahananda in Seemanchal zone. The results showed that except Pb, level of Cu, Zn and Cd in water were below than allowance limit of WHO (2008), while level of Cu, Zn and Cd in sediment was higher than a toxicity reference value (TRV) recommended by USEPA (1999), except Pb. Heavy metal concentration in water and sediment were recorded in the order: Cu>Pb>Zn>Cd and Zn>Cu>Pb>Cd, respectively. The seasonal variation of this metal in water was in the sequence: rainy>winter>summer, and in sediment summer>winter>rainy. Bioaccumulation of studied metal by different tissues of M. seenghala was maximum than C. catla , and found that following order of magnitude: liver>gill>muscle. The order of studied metal concentration in liver Zn>Pb>Cu>Cd, in Gills Zn>Pb>Cu>Cd, in muscle Zn>Pb>Cu. Pb was only metal whose concentration was higher than FAO, FAO/WHO and WHO standards in all examined tissues of both species . Bioaccumulation of Pb in different tissues of both fishes was observed maximum in summer followed by winter and rainy (monsoon) seasons. Bioaccumulation factor (BAF) of all four metals in organs of M. seenghala was higher than C. Catla. Metal index value (MI) > 1 for Cd and Pb in water suggests that worse quality of water. The levels of heavy metals accumulated in two fishes might be due to the increase in agricultural influx water, domestic wastes, poultry farm, municipal and some other anthropogenic activities. This study shows that River water in the studied zone is a serious concern of human health and selected fishes do not feed directly without proper treatment of the riverine ecosystem, and potential danger may occur in the future.

This study investigates length–weight relationships of six clupeid species ( Alosa braschnikowi , Alosa caspia , Dussumieria acuta , Nematalosa nasus , Sardinella albella and Tenualosa ilisha ) captured from three main water bodies of Iran (Persian Gulf, Oman Sea and Caspian Sea), to evaluate if the LWR parameters fit for these fishes having specific morphological characteristics. Based on the obtained results, i) the b value was influenced by recorded length (TL, SL, FL) and body shape, ii) it was within the expected range of 2.27–3.48, iii) length–weight relationships were highly correlated and significant (r2>0.82-0.98, P <0.001), and hence length-weight equations fit well with six clupeid species in the Iranian water bodies. The results presented here, would be useful for fishery biologists and fisheries stake-holders in the study area

Investigation of mysid habitats in estuarine waters were conducted at 59 sites throughout Auckland region from May 2006 to January 2009. This paper provides the taxonomic descriptions of the three species, collected during this survey. Among the 59 sites mysids were collected only at 26 sites: Tenagomysis .chiltoni collected from 15 sites, T . novaezealandiae from 21 sites and Gastrosaccus australis from four sites. Ontogenetic variation observed in the size of the antennal scale, and counts of lateral spines and cleft spines of telson and uropod for both T . chiltoni and T . novaezealandiae. Such apparent characteristics should not be used alone to differentiate species. It is important to use a combination of characteristics such as shape of the rostrum, anterolateral margin of the carapace, number of articulations of carpo-propodus of thoracic limbs and shape and size of the antennal scale. Several aspects of the description of T . chiltoni provided by Tattersall (1923) and Hodge (1964), do not agree with the present specimens, this is due to size variations

Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) is a glycoprotein with a metallophosphatase structure that catalyzes the hydrolysis of monophosphate esters of biomolecule esters at alkaline pH. ALP activity is a useful bioindicator to assess the physiological health of cellular membranes, cell growth, apoptosis and cell migration, cellular metabolic status, hepatocyte function, and detoxification activity in hepatocytes. ALP activity is detected in a colorimetric method using the para-nitrophenyl phosphate substrate (p-NPP) at a wavelength of 405 nm in biological samples. Cell hemolysis, especially erythrocytes; increased levels of sex hormones and corticosteroids, biological infections, and poor nutrition can adversely affect ALP activity.