نشریه مطالعات علوم محیط زیست
سال پنجم شماره 2 (تابستان 1399)

Green management is one of the key factors for sustainable development and improvement of organizational performance level. The development of university waste management with a green management approach can help to improve the environmental status and quality of university sustainability indicators. This study attempts to document the status of waste management elements at the Kerman Graduate University of Technologies as a sample of Iranian universities and prioritize the factors and practical suggestions due to the finance, man power and time effectiveness. For this purpose, by visiting various units such as office, educational, facilities, laboratories, student dormitories, cafe and kitchen, the status of waste management elements was evaluated. In order to evaluate the priority of indicators affecting the required elements of waste management in universities, using Analytical Hierarchy Process and paired comparisons techniques are proposed to classify, prioritize and initiate future actions in three categories of educational, executive and Management was discussed. In short, locating and setting up a special waste disposal site and conducting its executive planning, as well as training courses for students and staff are among the most important measures to begin improving waste management at the university.

Destructive gases and hazardous particles that are released daily by industrial units into the environment are one of the problems in today's environment. This descriptive cross-sectional study aimed to investigate the concentrations of gases (SO2), (NO2), (O3) and (CO) and particulate matter (PM10) and (PM2.5) at different stations and at different months of the year in the air around the Shahid Montazeri power plant in Isfahan. The results showed that the highest amount of pollutants in the cold months of the year and concentrations of (SO2), (NO2) and (O3) gases were higher than the Iranian air standard, which high concentration of these gases had many negative effects on crop and rangeland surrounding this plant. Carbon monoxide (CO) was the most abundant (88%) of the plant's environmental gases, with a concentration lower than Iran's Air Standard. Suspended particles below 2.5 microns and below 10 microns were below the permissible limit at all stations. Also in the air quality index (AQI) survey, all environmental gases (except SO2) and particulate matter were within the safe range.

Some paper industries use long fiber pulp (LFP) and or wet strength resins to increase resistance and prevent web breakings during production. In this study, it was investigated the role of polyamidoamine epichlorohydrin (PAE) in combination with cellulose nanofibers (CNF) compared to LFP in improving wet and dry layer of paper tensile strength of chemi-mechanical pulp (CMP) by handsheet making with grammage of 130 g/m2. First, cellulose nanofibers (3% and 4%) with PAE (0.7% and 1%) and long fiber pulp (LFP) were added to the pulp suspension and then handsheet paper was made. The dewatering period was measured when making handsheet. Then, the tensile strength was measured after drying to 35, 55, 75 and air-dried dryness (%) during drying within handsheet making. Results showed, wet layer of paper with dryness of 35 and 55% treated with 3% CNF and 7% PAE showed tensile strength close to samples with 20% LFP and in 75% dryness showed higher tensile strength than treatments with LFP. Generally, treatments with CNF and PAE had wet layer of paper tensile strength values during production the same as or more than long fiber pulp, although the water drainage rate will be decrease.

Currently one of the most important environmental issues in Tehran is municipal waste management.Although significant improvements in waste management have been made in the last decade, there is still a long way to go to achieve the desired status.The purpose of this study was to evaluate the role of citizen participation in municipal waste management with a focus on separation of origin, which has been studied in District 9 of Tehran.The method of this research is descriptiveanalytical and is of survey type.The research tool was a questionnaire distributed among the citizens at the 9th level.The sample size of the study was 383 using Cochran formula and the same number of questionnaires were distributed to the citizens.Both descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyze the research data.Descriptive statistics and frequency tables, central index and mean were used to describe the findings. Inferential statistics section was used to evaluate the significance of the regression test using SPSS software.The results showed that the correlation coefficient between public participation and production and storage was0.764.Meanwhile, the resulting R2 is0.509,which indicates that 65% of the dependent variable changes are due to independent variables, indicating the role of citizen participation in waste management in the area

Rangeland and desert land improvement is a series of operations that are implemented in each region to increase the productivity of soil production and breeding with ecological conditions. In the present study, the impact of restoration treatments (Farrow) on the soil of Ashkezar desert lands in Yazd province was investigated. For this purpose, 10 soil samples were taken from Farrow and 10 in the control area from 0 to 30 cm depth and soil physical and chemical parameters were extracted in the laboratory. Data were analyzed by SPSS16 software using independent t-test. Results showed that soil physical properties of sand percent at 1% probability level had significant difference between restorationarea and control areas. Other physical parameters, including silt and clay content, did not show significant differences. In terms of soil chemical properties EC parameters, sodium content (milieq / l), sodium absorb ratio (SAR) and exchangeable sodium ratio (ESP) have significant differences at 1% probability level between control and restoration treatments area.

Rising ground temperatures and the creation of urban thermal islands are an important issue in the 21st century. Because it deals with the complex challenges of urban population growth, global climate change, public health, and increasing energy demand for cooling. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to estimate the surface temperature using remote sensing methods such as the Sinlge Chaneel algorithm. For this purpose, satellite images related to the study area were obtained for 9/22/2019. After performing radiometric and atmospheric corrections in Envi software, the satellite image was called in Qgis software, and with this algorithm, the Land surface temperature was estimated, and the results showed that the Land surface temperature fluctuated between 20.55 and 50.55. ° C. Also, from the study of the impact of land use on the temperature of the region, it was found that water resources and natural cover, including Aghgol wetland, have the greatest role in reducing the temperature of the region and the lower classes have a temperature. But, residential uses and barren lands have increased temperatures due to higher heat absorption and are at higher temperatures classes.

Certainly its geometrical and technical status, as one of the pillars of traffic, has an important role in the occurrence of accidents. In our country, 15,000 kilometers of roads are part of the arterial roads, which annually kill about 20,000 people on these roads. One of the most important factors in enhancing the safety level is identifying road hazards and providing strategies to deal with them. According to the studies, there are three thousand random points in the country and the Isfahan-Shahrekord axis is one of the communication routes of the country. In this regard, by identifying the road risks in the Isfahan-Shahrekord road axis, this study investigates the present conditions and suggested solutions using the systems dynamics approach. The system dynamics method chosen for this study using vensim software has a great potential for safety systems in addition to its dynamic nature. In this study, given the understanding of this system, there are policies that focus more on prevention, namely preventive measures that have not been or have been ignored in the country for various reasons.

This paper examines the impact of innovation on project management and its relationship to reducing environmental pollution in construction projects. This study was performed by descriptive correlation. The statistical population of this study included 200 managers of construction and construction projects in Shiraz. 127 of these managers were selected as the research sample using the available sampling method. The data collection tools were Gandhi et al.'s (2011) Innovation Questionnaire and the Environmental Pollution Research Questionnaire used in previous research. Content validity, formal validity, structural validity, and validity of questionnaires were confirmed. The results of the study showed that the use of innovation in project management has a positive and significant effect on reducing environmental pollution. Also, the dimensions of project management innovation have a positive and significant effect on reducing pollution, and then the innovation in the process has the greatest impact on reducing environmental pollution. (Times-12) Keywords: Innovation, project management, environmental pollution, development projects

Many studies have sought to learn whether carbon dioxide emissions follow such an inverted-U path, with a variety of mixed results. In this paper economic growth, population growth and per capita energy use variables along with rarely used measures of political and economic freedom were used to see how they influence CO2 emissions and the scope of any potential Environment Kuznets Curve in neighbor countries of IRAN. Therefor random effects of panel data approaches over the periods 2005-2015 were used to investigate the effects of political freedom and economic freedom on CO2 emissions. The results showed that political freedom has significantly negative effects on CO2 emission. While economic freedom significantly affects CO2 emission. As well as the results confirmed KEC in in neighbor countries of Iran. According to the results per capita energy use has significantly positive effects on CO2 emission, but population growth has no significantly effects on CO2 emission.

Changes in probability distribution functions of diameter, height and canopy area of trees in Arasbaran natural stands were studied in this research. For this purpose, six hectares of pure stands of hornbeam species were selected in a protected area. A total of 625 hornbeams (consist of 262 trees in northwest slopes and 363 tees in northwest slopes) were measured. Beta, Gamma, Lognormal, Normal, Exponential and Weibull distribution functions were fitted to the maximum likelihood method and Kolmogorov-Smirnov and Anderson-Darling tests. The results showed the beta distribution for the diameter characteristic in both slope aspects, the log-normal distribution function in the northwest aspect and the normal distribution in the northen aspect for the tree height characteristic, the gamma and beta functions in the northwest slope, and the beta function in the northeast direction was shown as the most appropriate functions. ANOVA analysis also showed that there were no significant differences between the two slop aspect in terms of tree diameter but there was a significant difference in height and canopy cover and this was the reason for differences in the probability distribution functions.

In this study, the spatial effects of agricultural development on CO2 emissions using spatial panel data of Iranian provinces and the Kuznets Environmental Curve are estimated and analyzed. The results show that the spatial pollutant overflows of CO2 can explain the CO2 emissions of the provinces. The shape of the agricultural Kuznets Curve for CO2 follows inverse U. Now Iranian provinces are on the ascending part of the Kuznets Environmental Curve and are not on the threshold of this curve. The Absolute of the coefficient of the squared of the logarithm of GDP is less than the Absolute of the coefficient of the logarithm of the squared of GDP. Also, the results show the positive effect of energy consumption, population, and urbanization on pollution emissions.In this study, the spatial effects of agricultural development on CO2 emissions using spatial panel data of Iranian provinces and the Kuznets Environmental Curve are estimated and analyzed. The results show that the spatial pollutant overflows of CO2 can explain the CO2 emissions of the provinces.

The aim of this study was to determine the impact of high concentration of fluoride in drinking water on dental fluorosis by using the optimal dose of fluorine and its intake in different age groups. To assess the relationship between fluoride concentrations in drinking water and the incidence of fluorosis in study area, 19 groundwater samples as well as 19 soil samples have been collected to measure the fluoride content and acidity of soil respectively. The concentrations of fluoride of 42% water samples were higher than value recommended by World Health Organization. The optimal amount of fluoride in groundwater for study area is 0.71 mg/L. The estimated fluoride intake from drinking water is in the three age groups of adults, children and infants is 0.03, 0.09 and 0.21. However the minimum risk of 0.05 mg per kg per day calculated by Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry. The optimal amount of fluoride in groundwater for study area is 0.71 mg/L. The estimated fluoride intake from drinking water is in the three age groups of adults, children and infants is 0.03, 0.09 and 0.21.

Landscape is an arrangement with a combination of local ecosystems or land uses which repeated in a similar form in the area. In order to a properly management of the landscape, physical and socio-cultural components are needed to be considered in economic programs. This research has been done for economic valuation of landscape in Hamedan. To evaluate the utility of the landscape the visual indicators that were perceived by people, such as diversity and evenness of the landscape and disconnection and continuity and land use were considered. The contingent valuation method and Logit model were applied for landscape economic valuation. The results show that people prefer the landscape with high diversity. Also the landscape with multiple land uses with small area is desirable for them. The average monthly per household willingness to pay for preserving the landscape is 49,850 Rials. The total value of Hamadan landscape is 92.211 billion and landscape value annually per hectare of Hamadan is 13 million Rials. The results show that the landscape of Hamedan has significant economic value that justifies the need to maintain its value for policy makers and planners.

Public participation is an integral part of environmental impact assessment (EIA) in order to achieve sustainable development principles. The aims of public participation in EIA vary from improving the quality of plans and projects, improving implementation by preventing litigation and costly delays and meeting legal requirements, to improving active citizenship, complementing democracy, protecting individual rights and creating acceptance for the project’s outcome. Thus, this study was aimed at investigating the current status of public participation in EIA of Iran and compare it with desirable state. This study applied the fuzzy Delphi method In order to map the desired situation and compare it with the current status of public participation in the Iran. The results show that lack of adequate attention to the public participation, leads to major shortcomings in the levels and methods of public participation in EIA reports. Effective factors in achieving the desired status are: revision of policies, procedures, determination of frameworks and standards of public participation and continuous training and awareness among all stakeholders of environmental impact assessment.

The two- spotted mite Tetranychus urticae Koch is one of the cosmopolite pests, which attack many agricultural and greenhouse plants. The Maximum Entropy model (Maxent) was used to potential distribution in 70 stations (orchards) of Tehran provinces. Distribution model was obtained using out of 19 environmental variables that only six environmental predictors and presence records had a greater impact on this species were used in the modeling. The accuracy models were also evaluated by the area receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) value. According to the Jacknife test, rainfall variables of the warmest season of the year and the maximum temperature of the warmest month of the year were the most contributing in two-spotted spider mite distribution modeling in Tehran province that the rainfall of warmest season was more important. The AUC values, based on training data, was 0.75 confirning the high accuracy of Maxent in predicting the distribution model of two-spotted spider mite.

Cultural ecosystem services are usually defined as non-material benefits that people obtain from a direct contact with natural environments through spiritual enrichment, cognitive development, reflection, recreational activities, and aesthetic experiences. Policy and decision-making for environmental management, land-use planning and development at different scales can be enhanced by quantification and incorporation of ecosystem services. Incommensurability with valuation methods has led researchers to assess the cultural services using noneconomic techniques. In this research, multi criteria evaluation method was applied to assess cultural services ecosystem. In the first step, seven criteria were identified and prioritized based on Delphi method. Then, a map layer was created for each criterion. After standardizing layers, they were weighted by analytical hierarchy process. Finally, study area was divided in zones based on cultural ecosystem services. The results of this study using zonal land suitability assessment indicated that considerable amount of cultural services are located in Golestan national park and Bahramnnia research forest.

In the scientific literature, views and conclusions about the role of organic agriculture in sustainable global development have varied, and some researchers consider the organic farming system to be ineffective and Its popularity is largely due to ideology, and others believe that organic farming, along with environmentally friendly solutions, has great potential for feeding the growing population. In this regard, based on the qualitative paradigm, this study analyzed the opportunities and threats of the organic agricultural system from the perspective of researchers in agricultural research centers, and data collection was done through semi-structured interviews with 28 researchers, with a targeted sampling approach and snowball sampling method. The research findings show that, in general, the opportunities of the organic farming system include "soil conservation and strengthening", "Improving climate and biodiversity" and "appropriate environmental methods", which ultimately, Lead to "environmental protection" and the threats posed by this agricultural system include "policy and infrastructure issues," "knowledge, attitude, and skill issues," and "environmental pollution with land use change," which ultimately leads to "environmental degradation."

Due to the transnational nature of carbon dioxide emissions, more countries are required to participate in achieving global emission reduction targets. Designing and selecting policy tools to increase countries' incentives for participation is critical. Because cost reduction is costly, countries are usually looking for ways to maximize net profits. Emission permit trading markets are one of the best and most efficient policies in this field. With the increasing emission share of BRICS and Iran, proper participation and policy-making in these countries have become more important. In order to develop literature and examine the impact of using this tool on Iran's reducing costs, after determining the allowable emission cap and estimating the cost of achieving the allowable cap, the amount of savings resulting from market participation has been calculated. The results show that if Iran does not participate in the formed coalitions, the cost of reducing the emissions will be equal to $ 17125422.5 However, with the formation of the coalition between Iran and the countries of China, India, and South Africa, this cost will be reduced to $ 16689688.9 million, and the amount of savings will be $ 435733.6 million.

Wetlands are between water and land; they are of great importance for the livelihoods of the local communities. The aim of this study is to determine the factors influencing the destruction of Amir Kalayeh wetland in Guilan province. The criteria are based on CIPA goals, including 4 criteria as communication, education, participation and awareness-raising. Communication criteria consisted of 6 sub-criteria, education criterion with 5 sub-criteria, participation criteria with 3 sub-criteria and awareness-raising criterion with 6 sub-criteria. The criteria and sub-criteria were prioritized using fuzzy Delphi technique. The results showed the factors as sectional viewpoint of the organizations, lack of knowledge of the rules and legal regime of Amir Kalayeh wetland, lack of attention and reliance on indigenous knowledge, lack of awareness about the values, functions and threats of wetlands, and lack of reform and updating of deterrent laws (such as crimes and regulations) were identified as the most important contributing factors.

The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between environmental identity, environmental attitudes, and the green psychological climate in creating environmental citizenship behavior. This study was applied in a descriptive and surveyed manner. The population of the study included 212 employees of Shiraz municipality who were selected through available sampling method. Partial least squares method and Smart PLS2 software were used for data analysis. Convergent validity was used to assess the validity and Cronbach's alpha was used to fit the reliability and its coefficient was greater than 0.7 for all research constructs. The findings show that environmental identity and environmental attitudes have a positive and significant effect on green psychosocial climate. The findings confirmed the positive and significant effect of green psychosocial climate and environmental citizenship behavior. The green psychological climate does not mediate the relationship between environmental identity and environmental citizenship behavior, but it does mediate the relationship between environmental attitudes and environmental citizenship behavior.

The concept of environmental concern has been studied from many different views, but in recent years it has been distinguished from concepts such as attitude, awareness and environmental awareness as an independent variable consisting of objective and subjective concepts in the form of horizontal and vertical dimensions. Based on Schaffrin's view, this study examines the components of the horizontal dimension of the concept of environmental concern, including: emotional stimulus, cognitive component, behavioral will and practical behavior as a dependent variable in relation to independent variables.The statistical population of the research is the University of Tabriz students. Sample is 387 man who have studied all the faculties of the university in a survey by using multi-stage sampling. Data collection tool is a standard environmental attitude questionnaire. Data analysis was performed through SPSS software. The research findings show that the environmental concern of Tabriz University students is more than the average can be obtained. According to the findings, individualism with a standard regression coefficient of 0.154 and urbanism with a standard coefficient of 0.116 have the most positive and significant effects on the level of environmental concerns of Tabriz University students.

Today, protective products and their compounds, such as Personal Care Products (PCP), are a new group of environmental pollutants that contains potentially harmful compounds such as parabens. Parabens (PBs) a group of chemicals Compounds that existence in a wide range of cosmetics, hygiene, pharmaceuticals and some foods. The widespread use of parabens in the world has led to their distribution and spread throughout the environment, such as water, soil, air and living organisms. These compounds due to having negative effects on living organisms, such as carcinogenic potential and estrogenic activity, have been considered in recent decades. Due to high production and consumption, low degree of systemic toxicity and lipophilic properties, these materials can enter to the environment and accumulate at different levels of the food chain, and consequently cause negative effects on plant and animal organisms., Therefore, considering importance of these compounds, the evaluation of properties, effects and their fate in the environment is very important. Thus, the present study investigates the presence of parabens in the environment, hazards and their fate.

Owing to the rise in water demand and looming climate change, recent years have witnessed much focus on global drought scenarios. Drought as a complex natural hazard is best characterized by multiple climatological and hydrological parameters and the assessment of it is important for planning and managing water resources. So understanding the history of drought in the area is essential like investigating the effects of drought. In this study, at first Climate parameters affecting the drought have downscaled by LARS-WG stochastic weather generator over Gilan province in Iran. After choosing a suitable model, outputs of it used for assessing the drought situation in the period of 2011-2030. Assessing the drought was done by TOPSIS method during 2 periods (present and future). After validation of the method, zoning the drought was performed by IDW method in GIS. Results shown that expanse of situations with lower drought index will increase. Also we will expect more droughts in these regions for the future.

Organic agriculture is one of the most important agricultural systems that is quickly developing throughout the world. The main cause of attention towards organic agriculture is necessity of production of healthy agricultural products and free from chemicals. The main purpose of this research is to analyze the attitude of Ardabil province's farmsteads towards organic agriculture . The research method is descriptive and survey. The statistical population consisted of all the petty farmers in Ardabil city. (6380) The sample size was determined by multi-stage sampling method and using Cochran's formula for 230 people. A researcher-made questionnaire was used to determine the reliability of the index (AVE), which was at least 0.50 calculated. To determine the reliability of the combination method (CR), the minimum value was calculated to be 0.91 and the alpha value of 0.88 for the research tool was also indicative of its reliability. The findings showed that the majority of farmers had a relatively positive attitude toward organic farming. the results of structural equation modeling showed that there was a positive and significant relationship between knowledge and information sources with the attitude of the apple cultivars towards organic cultivation.

This paper investigates the frequency of microplastics present on the Caspian coast. To estimate the number and distribution of microplastics based on size, shape, and color, the sand sediments of Farah Abad station were investigated in winter, spring and summer 2018. The results show that the microplastics with the size of 1 to 4.5 mm are more abundant than particles larger or equal to 5 mm. The various forms of microplastics, including foams, have 543 numbers per square meter in the Farah Abad region. Microplastics are scattered on the shores of the Caspian Sea in an unbalanced way. The color white was the most abundant color among all forms and types of polystyrene, nylon and polypropylene microplastics in this region these particles have been created along the coast due to the proximity of pollutant sources such as industrial waste, urban waste, tourist sites and residential areas that do not respect the sea border.

The present study was applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-correlational research in terms of data collection. The statistical population included all students of the Faculty of Educational Sciences and Psychology of Semnan University (434 people) in the academic year of 1397-98. The participants were 204 students who were selected using stratified random sampling method. All of them completed the Environmental Beliefs Questionnaire, the Environmental Attitude, the Participation in Environmental Protection, and the Responsible Behavior of the Environment. Data were analyzed using SPSS19 and Lisrel 8.5 software and Pearson correlation coefficient and path analysis model using statistical methods. The findings showed that environmental beliefs do not have a significant effect on student participation in environmental protection, but mediated by the environmental attitude, it has an indirect effect on participation in environmental protection. Environmental beliefs have a direct and significant effect on the responsible behavior of students 'living environment and also mediate the environmental attitude of life has an indirect and significant effect on the responsible behavior of students' living environment. Environmental beliefs can directly and indirectly affect the responsible behavior of the environment and participation in the protection of the environment.

Water quality protecting in Swimming pools is important for the health of swimmers. Chlorine and its derivatives, which are added to the water as a disinfectant, interact with uric acid from the sweat and urine in water. This procedure produces toxic compounds in the water that endanger the health of the swimmer, even in small amounts. Based on this, introducing a method for removing and separation of this compound from water and treatment of pool water is more important. In this work, adsorption method using metal-organic framework MIL-100 (Fe) as sorbent was applied as for the removal of uric acid from water solutions. This adsorbent can remove uric acid (mg L-1) under ultrasonic waves, the amount of 3 mg of MIL-100(Fe) in initial pH=10 of analyte solution, recovery of removal is 60% of uric acid from water in 30 min. This method is a good and efficient strategy for removing of uric acid due to using a porous metal organic framework material as sorbent.

Comprehensive waste management represents a broad range of challenges that affect human health and the environment. Although the operation of urban waste transfer stations (WTS) has been successful in reducing transportation costs, the environmental impacts of them, impose a threat on public health and comfort. This research studies the environmental issues and pollutions produced by Darabad WTS, and presents priority assessed ecological design strategies to reduce and control the pollution discharged by the activities carried out at the station. Applied research methodology and descriptive-analytical approach are the methods utilized in this study. The descriptive approach relies on the surveys conducted in the field. In the analytical approach, the collected data on the environmental Weaknesses, Strengths, Opportunities, and Threats (SWOT) of the Darabad WTS are analyzed, and the design strategies are assessed based on the SWOT method. The results show that the total weight of the internal factors is 2.22, while the total sum of external factors is 3.02. Results imply the dominance of the external factors over the internal factors. Offensive strategies for station design are also a priority.The severity of the environmental impacts of the WTS can be reduced by applying the ecological criteria to the extent possible

NWFPs contribute significantly to the livelihood of local people and as an important source of cash income for rural households in or near forests. There is little information on the important NWFPs in the forest regions, production, value, the processing situation of them, and etc. Information on the main woody species, medical uses, processing situation, processing industries, and market level was collected in eight times field visits during May to November 2012, through interviewing 17 local persons and ten researchers and key informants to verify the information obtained from interviews. Criteria used and discussed for listing the main woody species are: abundance, importance as a food resource, economic importance, and existence of their products in markets, and other benefits for the local people. There are 22 forest woody species where NWFPs are obtained and subsequently processed and sold in the markets. Processing situation of these fruits was in little or no processing class. Most of fruits were locally processed and then consumed or sold. The results showed that just two species are sold in the regional and international market and others have local and national markets.

This study was conducted to perform the most parameters of weather data for current and future climate in the Arasbaran forest area including precipitation and temperature. The base climate data contained daily precipitation, minimum temperatures, and maximum temperatures parameters. The LARS-WG was used to simulation based on the historical climate data and data generating for future climate forecasting was evaluate. The model was evaluated after assessing the model ability in all four stations by comparing the monthly means and variances of observed and generated data in all stations. From the results, the study found that the precipitation level would increase in the study area. In the case of minimum and maximum temperatures, the minimum temperature would decrease 0.2-0.3 °C in Jolfa station and will increase 0.1-0.2 °C in Tabriz and 4.5-4.6 °C in Kaleybar stations. In addition, the maximum temperature would increase 0.1-0.2 °C at both in the study area. The distribution map of climatic parameters in the past and future showed that the high precipitation patterns of rain forecasting maps will be eliminated and increasing the minimum and maximum temperature and amount of radiation certified that the occurrence of global warming in this forest region will be inevitable.