فصلنامه سیاستهای مالی و اقتصادی
سال هفتم شماره 28 (زمستان 1398)

One of the important preconditions for economic growth and development is the provision of capital; each society needs to provide an environment to attract foreign and domestic investment. But despite the rich revenues of oil in OPEC member countries, their business environments are largely confronted with the domestic Capital Flight and reluctance of foreign investors to invest. The purpose of this paper, using panel models, is to examine the dimensions of doing business on the Capital Flight, as well as the attraction of foreign direct investment in OPEC countries during the period 2007-2017. In this framework, according to the World Bank doing Business report in 2018, business dimensions are divided into two dimensions: the complexity and cost of business incorporation processes and robust legal institutions. The results generally show that complexity and cost of business incorporation processes are important for foreign investors, while for domestic investors, the robust legal institutions are more important.

Energy is considered as one of the most urgent and critical requirements of development.The high demand for energy from fossil fuels makes economic growth easy, but the current energy system is not sustainable due to its negative effects on the environment and human life. Sustainable development has been defined as a development that will provide the needs of the present generation without compromising the ability of future generations.The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of government's economic policies in controlling the environmental pollution of power plants with a view to achieving sustainable development.The study period in this study is 1374-1394 and its simulation is planned until 1407. For this purpose, the system dynamics method has been used. The dynamic system can display the most important economic-energy-environmental sub-systems seamlessly.The simulation results indicate that all three examined policy instruments (subsidies for new energy sources, rising fossil fuels prices and cost polic of new energies) were effective on increasing the production capacity of new energies and decreasing production capacity of fossil energies, and among these, the policy of reducing costs for developing of new energies has had the greatest impact.There is also a direct relationship between the production capacity of new energies and sustainable development and reverse relationship between the production capacity of new energies and greenhouse gas emissions.

The main purpose of the present study is to identify effective strategies to reduce poverty based on extracurricular documents with regional foresight approach. The method of this study is descriptive and qualitative in terms of research propositions. It has been done in two stages of library and Delphi method and with reference to 37 academics and executives in economics and management. In the first phase, with a comparative exploratory approach, poverty reduction policies were identified on the basis of extracurricular documents and the most effective strategies for poverty reduction were outlined. Then, using the normative paradigm and planning with a faithful approach to the upstream documents, the conceptual framework of research is presented and then, the conceptual framework is proposed using qualitative research method and referring to experts during their three Delphi validation and modeling rounds. The final research was designed. Based on the findings of this study, effective strategies for poverty alleviation based on extracurricular documents have been identified and identified in five general policies (Outlook Policy, Entrepreneurship Policies, Central Bank Policies, Resistance Economics Policies, Sixth Development Plan and Policies). Case 12 components of poverty alleviation policies based on extrajudicial documents with forward-looking approach with Kendall's coefficient of agreement of 0.584 between consensus and consensus experts. Also, experts' views on the factors affecting poverty reduction showed

One Islamic financial instrument that adds to the liquidity of futures contracts is the standard parallel contract. In recent years, these tools have been used in some Islamic countries and have recently been introduced to the Iranian capital market. This tool is first proposed in petroleum and petroleum products with the aim of financing oil projects and is known for its oil futures. The most important form of parallel legal standard contracts in terms of jurisprudence is the inability to enter the secondary market. The Securities and Exchange Organization's Jurisprudence Committee has proposed a "Standard Separate Composite Combination" solution to address this issue. This article attempts to critique and analyze the method of "combining self-alignment with hawala" in an analytical way, by describing the mentioned solution and also studying the marriage contract in the jurisprudential books of the Imami and Sunni scholars. The present study suggests that this method does not have the ability to run on the surface of the region, but can be used for internal use.

The existence of economic discrimination in the country can pose a threat to the soft economic threat, and knowing how to measure it and examine its trends across different states can reflect their performance against this phenomenon. In this study, it has been tried to combine the economic discrimination index between the provinces of Iran according to the principles of the Islamic Republic of Iran constitution, considering the capacity and needs of provinces in the distribution of budget between the provinces during the first and last years of the tenth and eleventh administrations. The results show that in the three-year average of budget allocations to needs and capacities, Markazi, Alborz, Azarbaijan Sharqi and seven other provinces are in the worst situation with direct discrimination and at the expense of them. There is no direct or indirect discrimination in the distribution of budgets to the needs and capacities of Golestan, Khorasan Razavi, Kerman, and seven other provinces, and the distribution of budgets is in line with their needs and responsibilities. There is indirect discrimination in the distribution of budgets to the needs and capacities of the provinces of Qom, Khorasan Junubi, Gilan, and eight other provinces that benefit them. The coefficient of variation also shows that among these years, there has been the least economic discrimination between provinces in the 1392.

Reporting by stakeholder groups, especially shareholders, has always been a demand And reporting and disclosure for the banking network is important. In Iran, banks require disclosing and reporting information and financial and economic events, but there are many international rules and standards for this disclosure. In addition, domestic regulations and requirements are also unclear due to the dispersion and lack of a suitable risk-disclosure framework for banks; his has created a research gap in this area. This paper uses a qualitative content analysis method, focusing on four standards and regulations includes IFRS No.7, IFSB No.4, enhanced risk disclosure FSB, BIS Pillar3 investigates the disclosure requirements and items at the international requirement And we extract the framework for risk disclosure based on international standards and regulations. In addition, by reviewing internal regulations, we identify the framework or model for risk disclosure of risk in Iranian banks that these frameworks analyze in a comparative way.

The purpose of this paper is to provide a comparative analysis of the theoretical and empirical industrial revolution in the world in order to determine the characteristics of desirable industrial development. In this regard, using a qualitative research method of historical type and library study, the empirical developments related to industry and industrial development were first reviewed and then discussed about the process of theoretical developments in this connection. The results show that the best practices of industrial development in the regions are procedures that, firstly, can provide demanding, flexible, competitive, knowledge-based, and innovative industries for the regions, and secondly, there is no need for direct government involvement. It is shaped and developed by the people. In this connection, among the strategies of industrial development, one can refer to the strategy of development of small and medium enterprises (SMEs) and industrial clusters as the spatial representation of such development. Therefore, it is suggested that the corresponding strategies for industrial development with the mentioned characteristics, including the development of industrial clusters, should be put in place and the related institutional environment should be provided.