فهرست مطالب
Asian Journal of Sports Medicine
Volume:11 Issue: 2, Jun 2020
- تاریخ انتشار: 1399/04/15
- تعداد عناوین: 9
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Page 2Background
Cardiovascular autonomic dysfunction is one of the most common complications in rheumatoid arthritis (RA), which can be assessed by heart rate variability (HRV) analysis. Because the autonomic nervous system plays an important role in orchestrating the cardiovascular response to stressors, assessing HRV during exercise is critical. The Glittre Activities of Daily Living test (GA-T) was recently proposed as a multitask field test that requires the performance of the upper and lower limbs, both of which are affected in individuals with RA.
ObjectivesThis study was conducted to evaluate autonomic impairment by HRV in women with RA using the GA-T and to correlate these changes with physical functioning and muscle strength.
MethodsThis cross-sectional study enrolled 20 women (median [interquartile range]: age 55 [47.5 - 68.8] years) with RA (time since diagnosis: 15 [6.50 - 23.5] years) who underwent HRV assessment during GA-T. They also underwent physical functioning assessment through the Health Assessment Questionnaire Disability Index (HAQ-DI) and handgrip strength (HGS) and quadriceps strength (QS) measures.
ResultsThe GA-T time exhibited significant correlations with the following HRV indices: root mean square of successive differences (RMSSD, rs = -0.451, P = 0.041), proportion of iRR differing by > 50 ms from previous intervals (pNN50, rs = -0.697, P = 0.0006), high frequency (HF, rs = -0.693, P = 0.0007), standard deviation of the points perpendicular to the line-of-identity (SD1, rs = -0.476, P = 0.034), and approximate entropy (ApEn, rs = 0.545, P = 0.013). In addition, the HAQ-DI exhibited significant correlations with the following HRV indices: pNN50 (rs = -0.467, P = 0.038) and HF (rs = -0.444, P = 0.049). We did not observe significant correlation between the HRV indices during the GA-T and the muscle strength measures (HGS and QS).
ConclusionsIn women with RA, the longer the required to perform the GA-T the worse their parasympathetic modulation, sympathetic-vagal imbalance, and complexity of the autonomic nervous system (i.e., increased index of ApEn) were. Physical functioning level was also related to vagal modulation.
Keywords: Rheumatoid Arthritis, Heart Rate Variability, Functional Capacity, Autonomic Control -
Page 3Background
Emergency care providers (ECPs) have a physically, mentally, and emotionally demanding profession. Therefore, they are predisposed to cardiovascular and other non-communicable disease risk factors.
ObjectivesThe objective of the study was to determine the physical health status of ECPs in the North West province of South Africa through a selected anthropometric and other health parameter test battery.
MethodsNinety-one ECPs (64 males, 27 females) took part in the study voluntarily for health screening tests including body mass index (BMI), lean body mass (LBM), resting heart rate (RHR), blood pressure (BP), skinfold measurement, waist circumference (WC), waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), fasting blood glucose (FBG), and total cholesterol (TC). The collected data were subjected to statistical analysis using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 25 (IBM).
ResultsThe participants demonstrated a mean BMI of 28.2 ± 5.5 kg/m2, body fat of 26 ± 7.6 %, and LBM of 58.6 ± 10 kg. Significant differences were seen in height (170.5 ± 6.2 vs. 160.7 ± 5.3 cm), BF% (22.5 ± 5.3 vs. 34.2 ± 6.2 %), and LBM (62.3 ± 8 vs. 49.2 ± 8.2 kg) between males and females (P ≤ 0.05). Mean systolic BP was 122 ± 15 mmHg, and diastolic BP was 81 ± 10 mmHg. Mean WC was 90.8 ± 11.4 cm. Other health parameters included mean FBG of 5.1 ± 2.4 mmol/L and mean TC of 4.9 ± 0.7 mmol/L. Significant differences were seen in WHR (0.88 ± 0.04 vs. 0.79 ± 0.06) between males and females (P ≤ 0.05).
ConclusionsA significant number of ECPs presented with cardiovascular and other NCD risk factors such as hypertension, obesity, high WC, elevated FBG, and abnormal levels of TC. This can be attributed to the nature of their occupation such as working irregular shifts leading to sleep deprivation, being exposed to psychological trauma, poor nutrition during shifts, and/or lack of exercise. Stress management is an important part of these workers’ rehabilitation program. A well-formulated employee wellness program is required to set remedial measures in place.
Keywords: Cardiovascular Disease, Exercise, ECPs, Workplace Interventions, Clinical Parameters -
Page 4Background
The study of alterations in the epidemiological pattern of traumatic injuries during the COVID-19 crisis can provide estimates in the planning of healthcare resources. In a prospective epidemiological study during the first 45 days of lockdown legislation in Iran and by comparing the results with previously published large population-based studies in Iran, we sought changes in the epidemiology of traumas.
MethodsData were obtained prospectively from the orthopedic emergency departments of two tertiary orthopedic trauma centers in Iran form Feb 20 to Apr 3 2020 for 45 days. Both centers were active in giving care for COVID-19 patients, and they were major referral orthopedic trauma centers.
ResultsA total of 628 patients with a mean age of 38.9 ± 19.9 (range 1 to 96) years consisting of 640 limb injuries were recruited. There were 387 (60.5%) fractures, 176 (27.5%) lacerations, and only 13 (2%) ligamentous injuries due to sports activities. Low-energy trauma was the most common mechanism of injury (38.3%), and its rate was specifically high as the mechanism of injury among women (69 %). In men, sharp injuries had the highest frequency (33%). Sharp injuries and blunt trauma during labor were 6.6 times and 19.5 times more prevalent in men, respectively. Most injuries were seen in 21 - 40-year-old patients. Distal radius/ulna fracture was the most common site of fracture. There were 233 (36.4%) patients with self-discharge.
ConclusionsThere were important epidemiological changes during the COVID-19 crisis in trauma patients. The cessation of sports activities resulted in a reduction in ligamentous injuries of sports origin. Women better implemented the stay-at-home strategies shown by a sudden increase in the men to women ratio of risk-taking traumatic injuries. The decreased number of patients with soft-tissue injuries and a high rate of self-discharge must inform the authorities of the fear of in-hospital contamination.
Keywords: Epidemiology, Orthopedics, COVID-19 -
Page 5Background
Few studies have demonstrated the connection between trunk muscle thickness and low back pain (LBP) in athletes.
ObjectivesThis study aimed to define whether the thickness of the lateral abdominal muscles (LAM) and lumbar multifidus (LM) are related to LBP incidence in elite male soccer players.
MethodsIn this short-term cohort study, 42 elite male soccer players from professional soccer teams were followed for a season. The muscle thickness of LAM and the cross-sectional area (CSA) of the LM were assessed. The relation between the incidence of LBP and the aforementioned factors was evaluated after the cohort study.
ResultsThirty-seven participants completed the study, and seven participants (18.91%) experienced LBP during the follow-up period. No significant relationship was detected between LBP and the thickness of LAM and CSA of LM (P > 0.05). None of the other variables had any relationship with LBP incidence (P > 0.05).
ConclusionsThe LAM thickness and CSA of LM during a resting position and drawing-in maneuver was found not to be directly related to LBP incidence in elite male soccer players in the short term. Assessing these muscles’ conditions in more functional positions could be considered for further research.
Keywords: Low Back Pain, Transversus Abdominis, Internal Oblique Muscles, External Oblique Muscles, Paraspinal Muscles -
Page 6Background
Exercise-related studies do not agree on changes in blood parameters regarding anemia and serum immunoglobulin concentration as adaptive immunity.
ObjectivesThe current study aimed to investigate exercise-induced variations in hematological and immunological parameters in response to one bout of intensive judo exercise in adolescent elite judoka.
MethodsVenipuncture was performed on ten adolescent male Iranian elite judoka (age: 15.60 ± 0.69 years; body mass index: 24.15 ± 2.80 kg/m2) before and immediately after one bout of intensive judo protocol. Erythrocyte variables [red blood cell count (RBC), hemoglobin (HGB), hematocrit (HCT), mean corpuscular volume (MCV), red distribution width (RDW), mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH), mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC)], platelets variables [platelet count (PLT), platelet distribution width (PDW), mean platelet volume (MPV), plateletcrit (PCT)], cellular immune variables [white blood cell (WBC), neutrophil (NEU), lymphocyte (LYM)], and humoral immune variables (IgM, IgA, IgG, IgE) were measured. Data were analyzed using Wilcoxon and paired-samples t-test, and P < 0.05 was considered significant.
ResultsAfter the plasma volume was corrected using the Dill and Costill equation, the results showed that RBC, HGB, HCT, MCHC, IgA, and IgM decreased significantly immediately after exercise. However, MCH, RDW, PLT, PDW, MPV, PCT, WBC, LYM, NEU, IgG, and IgE did not change significantly.
ConclusionsAccording to the findings, it can be concluded that intensive judo exercise results in transient anemia and suppression of humoral immune response among adolescent elite judoka.
Keywords: Adolescent, Erythrocyte, Platelets, Judo, Cellular Immunity, Humoral Immune -
Page 7Background
A series of racial specific predictive equations for exercise parameters are needed to determine a lack of cardiopulmonary fitness or having an exercise limitation on cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET).
ObjectivesThe study aimed to develop a new set of predictive equations of CPET parameters during maximal cycling exercise for Thai adults.
MethodsA sample of 580 Thai adults whom could pass screening tests were asked to fill a health questionnaire and the Global Physical Activity questionnaire. Participants with history of symptomatic heart and pulmonary diseases, current smokers, history of smoking ≥ 10 pack-years, and abnormal spirometry were excluded. The CPET was performed using a cycle ergometer with an incremental symptom-limited protocol. Values of CPET parameters at the peak exercise (oxygen uptake [V̇O2], work rate, heart rate, oxygen pulse, and minute ventilation), lactic acidosis threshold, and ventilatory equivalents for oxygen and carbon dioxide were documented. Analyses were stratified using age and gender criterion. Predictive equations for CPET parameters were established using multivariable linear regression with age (A), weight (W), height (H), and physical activity level (Act) as independent variables.
ResultsA total of 493 participants (208 men and 285 women) were analysed. The predictive equation of V̇O2peak (L.min-1) for males was: -2.268 + (0.037 × A) - (0.0005 × A2) + (0.016 × W) + (0.014 × H) + (0.104 × Act), (R2 = 0.41, SEE = 0.392), and for females, it was: -0.34 + (0.009 × A) - (0.0002 × A2) + (0.012 × W) + (0.005 × H) + (0.058 × Act), (R2 = 0.44, SEE = 0.220).
ConclusionsThis is the first study that constructed the predictive equations for cycling CPET parameters in Thai adults. These equations are useful to evaluate the cardiopulmonary health of the Thai population and may be generalized to other populations with geographical or ethnic proximity to the Thai people.
Keywords: Cardiopulmonary Exercise Test, Reference Values, Peak Oxygen Uptake, Predictive Equations