فهرست مطالب

Journal of Environmental Health and Sustainable Development
Volume:5 Issue: 2, Jun 2020

  • تاریخ انتشار: 1399/04/16
  • تعداد عناوین: 8
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  • Maryam Dolatabadi, Saeid Ahmadzadeh* Pages 980-981
  • Salimeh Rezaeinia*, AliAsghar Ebrahimi Pages 982-984
  • Ismaeil Alizadeh, Elham Jahanifard, Mona Sharififard*, Amal Saki Malehi Pages 985-992
    Introduction

    Nowadays, bedbug infestation is one of the public health problems around the world. The objective of this study was to evaluate the spatial distribution of bedbug in different parts of the infested houses. Moreover, the association between house sanitation and presence of bedbug infestation was determined in infested houses in Ahvaz City, Iran.

    Materials and Methods

    Totally, 57 bedbug-infested houses were visited door-to-door in Ahvaz City from April 2015 to April 2018. Data were collected by visual inspection. The spatial distribution of bedbug in different parts of the infested houses was assessed visually. Logistic regression was applied to assess the association between bedbug presence and house sanitation level.

    Results

    In the 57 infested houses, bedroom and living room were the main infested parts in 74% and 26% of the houses, respectively. The highest infestation sources in houses were bedding as well as cracks and crevices with frequency rates of 58% and 18%, respectively. No significant correlation was observed between house sanitation and presence of infestation (χ2 = 3.5; df = 4; P = 0.522). In total, 56% of the residents reported high levels of bedbug infestation in their houses. Furthermore, 46% of the participants mentioned that their houses had recently been infested, but many residents did not know the exact time of first infestation in the house.

    Conclusion

    The present study confirms that bedbugs' infestations cannot be associated with house sanitation. Further research is needed to better understand the association between house situation and bedbug infestations.

    Keywords: Bedbugs, Sanitation, Ahvaz City
  • Mahdi Sadeghi*, Mina Noroozi, Fatemeh Kargar, Zahra Mehrbakhsh Pages 993-1000
    Introduction

    Exposure of grain products in polluted soil lead to adverse effects on human health. In this study, concentrations of HM (As-Cr-Hg) were analyzed in wheat grain cultured in Gonbad-e-Kavus City, Golestan province, Iran. Furthermore, its potential health risk was evaluated among residents.

    Materials and Methods

    The sampling sites were located in arable lands. After separating the wheat grains and cleaning them, the seeds were collected in plastic bags for analysis by ICP/MS method. Digestion of samples was performed with Multi wave PRO microwave apparatus.

    Results

    The mean concentrations of Arsenic (As), Chromium (Cr), Mercury (Hg), and Nickel in wheat seeds were 0.186 ± 0.08, 0.9 ± 0.07, 0.021 ± 0.019, and 0.5 ± 0.17, respectively. The results showed that concentrations of HM in wheat were as follow: Cr > Ni > As > Hg. The Hazard Quotient (HQ) was significantly different among various HMs. The largest HQ was related to As ranging from 0.33 to 13.3. The lowest HQ was attributed to Cr, which may be related to its high RfD = 1.5 mg kg−1.

    Conclusion

    Different HMs varied largely in terms of their HQ. Regarding the exposed people, As and Hg had the highest contributions to the aggregate risks of HMs, while Cr had the lowest contribution. Although the findings showed low environmental concentrations of the studied elements and implied no danger to human health, it should be considered that many non-cancerous conditions weaken the immune system and prone the human beings to cancerous diseases.

    Keywords: Heavy Metals, Hazard Quotient, Health Risk, Wheat Grain, Gonbad-e-Kavus City
  • Bizhan Maghsoudlou Kamali, Reza Jafari Nodoushan*, Vida Sadat Anoosheh Pages 1001-1009
    Introduction

    The purpose of the present applied research is to design a comprehensive, inclusive and flexible process for a suitable strategic planning based on effective factors and parameters.

    Materials and Methods

    To this end, strategic operational programs for controlling environmental pollutants were identified using the logic and algorithm applied in the artificial neural network model and Neuro Solutions software, prioritizing the weight of the programs and predicting the probable future ecosystem conditions. The Delphi approach was used to screen and perform pairwise comparisons of criteria factors, sub-criteria and strategic action plans. The SWOT matrix technique was implemented to control environmental pollutants. Then, in the fuzzy neural network, Neuro Solutions software was used to prioritize weighting and predicting future probable conditions to form the matrices of decision as entrance ANN model was used.

    Results

    The output of the implementation of the Neuro Solutions software shows that the strategic action plan has developed a comprehensive and integrated landscape system consistent with the nature of the forest, mountain and valley of the Siah Bisheh with a score of weighing 0.6161 in the first priority and last priority (12th rank) which are subject to periodic audits. The environment has been allocated to increase the ecosystem's ability to return in the face of natural and human hazards with an odd weight of 0.5673.

    Conclusion

    Based on this fact, among the studied indices, economic, social and cultural factors ranked first among the criteria studied, and tourism ranked first among the sub criteria of the study.

    Keywords: Strategic Approach, Hydroelectric Power Plants, Environmental Pollution Control, Neuro Solutions
  • Narjes Khalili*, Fateme Akrami Mohajeri, Elaheh Askari, Seyedeh Saba Hashemi, Farkhondeh Banihashemi, Samira Sarrami, Fatemeh Pourramezani, Elham Khalili Sadrabad Pages 1010-1015
    Introduction

    In recent years, the contamination of food with heavy metals has received much attention. Plants can absorb metal pollutants through contaminated water, soil, and air.

    Materials and Methods

    In the current study, accumulation of minerals in three types of soybeans was investigated by wet and dry digestion methods using ICP-OES technique. Thereafter, the metals' health risk was assessed by estimated daily intake, toxic hazard quotient (THQ), and hazard index (HI) values.

    Results

    According to the results, the concentrations of Cr, Se, Ca, Fe, Mo, Mn, and Mg in soybean seeds were 0.034-170.88 mg/kg, 0.21-243.79 mg//kg, 2.50-33.37 mg/kg, 0.05-0.86 mg/kg, 0.071-203.57 mg/kg, 0-0.47 mg/kg, and 2.69-19.31 mg/kg, respectively. The ashing method had a better performance in determining Ca, Fe, Mo, Mn, and Mg concentrations than the wet digestion method. The THQ rates were below 1 for the three varieties of each mineral element, but the HI values of variety 2 and variety 3 were higher than 1 in both methods.

    Conclusion

    Furthermore, continuous monitoring of the soybeans' mineral and heavy metal contents seems necessary.

    Keywords: Soybean, Digestion Method, ICP-OES, Risk Assessment
  • Reza Ali Fallahzadeh, Davoud Ghadirian, MohammadSadegh Eshaghpanah, Marzieh Shukohifar, Safiyeh Mozafari, AliReza Targhibi, Fariborz Omidi* Pages 1016-1020
    Introduction

    The prevalence of infectious diseases varies depending on the type of micro-organism involved. Viral diseases can spread rapidly among communities, due to the specific characteristics of the virus. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID 19) is a new member of the coronavirus family that has caused rapid epidemics and affected the health and economy of the countries. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between the ambient temperature and the positive cases of COVID 19.

    Materials and Methods

    In the present research, the relationship between the number of positive cases of COVID 19 and the ambient temperature was investigated in Abarkouh and Qeshm cities during a 49-day period. The collected data were analyzed by SPSS 16 software using descriptive statistics and correlation coefficient tests.

    Results

    The average ambient temperatures in the study period were 19.16 ± 3.45 and 25.79 ± 1.83 for Abarkouh and Qeshm cities, respectively. During this period, the positive cases in Abarkouh and Qeshm cities were 38 and 28 people, respectively. The results of correlation test revealed a negative correlation between the ambient temperature and the number of patients with COVID 19 (the correlation rates were -0.107 and -0.083 with p-values of 0.46 and 0.57 for Abarkouh and Qeshm, respectively).

    Conclusion

    Our results revealed that increase of air temperature was negatively correlated with the number of positive cases of COVID 19. It can be concluded that atmospheric temperature affects the virus outbreak. So, the rate of virus spread is expected to  be reduced.

    Keywords: COVID 19, Particular Matter, Communicable Disease, Environment
  • Jalal Sadeghizadeh Yazdi*, Zohreh Rahaei, Zahra Aalipour Pages 1021-1029
    Introduction

    Health organizations are required to raise people’s awareness about foodborne diseases and to control and prevent these diseases. Training courses held by guilds are aimed to enhance food hygiene in the society. The present study was conducted to determine the effect of training courses on the awareness, attitude, and performance of confectionery, bakery, and restaurant workers.

    Materials and Methods

    In this semi-experimental research, 120 individuals in charge of preparing, distributing, and selling food in Yazd City were selected by random sampling method. The participants' awareness, attitude, and performance levels were measured before and after the training courses using a valid and reliable questionnaire. Data were analyzed by SPSS.16 software using ANOVA statistical tests, pair t-test, Wilcoxon and Kruskal Wallis nonparametric tests.

    Results

    The mean age of the participants was 31.95 ± 9.57 years. Following implementation of the training courses, the participants' average scores increased significantly in terms of awareness, performance, and attitude (p ˂ 0.001). Moreover, education, age, type of responsibility, as well as work experience had a significant relationship with the workers' awareness, attitude, and performance (p ˂ 0.05).

    Conclusion

    Training courses conducted by guilds improved the awareness level of participants, especially bakery operators, enhanced attitude of participants, especially sellers, and improved hygiene performance of the operators in various fields, including food hygiene. Thus, such training courses should be conducted for each profession category and each job position separately. Every businessmen should be required to pass these courses every two years.

    Keywords: Education, Awareness, Attitude, Food Handling, Employee Performance, Appraisal