فصلنامه زن و جامعه
سال یازدهم شماره 2 (پیاپی 42، تابستان 1399)

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of behavioral couple therapy and acceptance and commitment based treatment on the quality of marital relationships in maladaptive couples referred to Shiraz Family Court. The research method was quasi-experimental with pretest and post-test with control group. The statistical population was all maladapted couples who referred to family court in Shiraz. 45 couples (90 persons) were randomly selected in two groups of experimental and one control group (30 persons, 15 couples). The instrument of this study consisted of communicative behavioral couple therapy sessions and ACT questionnaire. The marital relationships were Busby, Crane Larsen, and Christine (1995). Data were analyzed using (covariance analysis and Levin test). The results showed that there was a significant difference between the two treatments in terms of the effect on the quality of the marital relationship of the maladaptive couples. Therefore, it can be concluded that behavioral couple therapy can be effective in enhancing the quality of marital relationships in maladapted couples. Therefore, it can be used to reduce communication problems of maladapted couples and improve their marital relationship in couples treatment centers.

The aim of this study was to conduct narrative research on the acquisition of the championship platform by the legendary sisters of Iran’s Wushu. The research approach was qualitative, and a narrative research method was used. The narrative analysis was based on media interviews with Mansoorian sisters in the TV program “Honeymoon” which were considered as a purposeful sample. Descriptive codes were extracted based on findings obtained from narrative interviews with Mansoorian sisters in the face of events and actions occurring in their life. The characteristics extracted from interviewing with the sisters, were classified into three levels: intrapersonal personality characteristics (mental strength, self-efficacy), interpersonal personality characteristics (communicative moral virtues, cultural and financial differences acceptance capacity), and performance improvement strategies, (goal setting, positive suggestibility, and intrinsic and extrinsic motivations). According to the results, it can be admitted that psychological trauma, difficulties, and adversity acted as a catalyst for development of Mansoorian sisters.

Marital wellbeing is includes marital skills ,that Their vacuum creates marital well-being challenges for couples, And couples need to know the challenges and problems of this area in order to have a better life, and seek to resolve and improve it.

This research was carried out qualitatively by phenomenological method and based on the results of semi-structured interviews. The target community was all married in Shiraz in the year 2018.The samples were selected through targeted sampling from target samples to reach theoretical saturation Interviews and demographics of the interviewees were used to collect the data.To analyze the data, all interviews were handwritten and then encoded and by the seven-step method, the key issues and core categories were identified.

The findings revealed that 22 semi-structured interviews were conducted in which nine main categories and two categories of the core, vacuum Individual and Couples Life Skills quality of individual, Couples and Families life, were extracted.

The results show that there are several factors as marital well-being challenges, of which vacuum Individual and Couples Life Skills and quality of individual, Couples and Families life ,indicate insecurity, deficiencies, shortcomings, indifference, lack of recognition and lack of empathy among couples. This leads to a kind of inefficiency and dissatisfaction in the lives of couples, and the foundation of the family loses its strength, And creates a vacuum of Marital quality and life as one of the major challenges of marital well-being.

Today, due to insufficient attention to the role of citizen participation in the planning, management and decision-making process, many metropolitan areas have been instilled in citizens that they are somewhat incapable of influencing society and the future of the city. therefore the role of women in promoting social and economic activities is crucial. The talent and ability of women in civic engagement promotes and elevates society in the knowledge-based age. Women's entrepreneurship and participation are important indicators of development. Socio-economic studies of women's participation in community affairs also indicate that social and cultural factors and society's different expectations of men and women are important barriers to women's participation. Accordingly, the purpose of the study is to investigate the functional participation of women in urban spaces. The method of this study is descriptive-analytical and applied research. The components have been evaluated in four economic, cultural, political and social sectors. To measure the impact of women's participation, Pearson test and path analysis were used. The results show that the highest participation rate in district 20 of Tehran municipality is social participation with 2.52 and the lowest political participation with average 1.65. There is also a relationship between economic and cultural components with a score of 0.688. Also, the average critical value in the social component 3.89 has the highest value.

The aim of this research was to determine the causal relationship between conflict resolution styles and marital stability, by considering the mediation role of psychological well-being. The research method is correlational.The statistical population includes married individuals (men and women) who have been married at least for three years and have referred to counseling centers located in District 2 of Tehran between May and September 2018. 308 volunteers and in reach people were selected. Data collection was done by means of Edwards and colleagues (1980), Conflict Resolution Styles-Rahim (1983), and Psychological Well-being- Ryff (1980). Using path analysis, the results showed that marital instability is anticipated positively by dominating style and negatively by integrating, avoiding styles and psychological well-being. Indirect path coefficients showed a positive correlation between dominating style and marital instability while a negative correlation between integrating style and compromising marital instability and also demonstrated that psychological well-being mediates the correltion of integrating, compromising and dominating styles with marital instability. Therefore, the individuals' conflict resolution styles and their psychological well-being can be effective variables for assessing and predicting the marital stability.

Today, one of the problems of societies is the issue of divorce, which leads to the disintegration of families and the creation of multiple psychological problems in mothers, fathers and children of these families. The present study is about the effectiveness of mindfulness based cognitive therapy in increasing psychological well-being, reducing loneliness of divorced mothers. The design of this research was a complete experimental design with pretest-posttest with control group. It was conducted on 28 divorced mothers who were randomly selected among mothers of school children in shiraz. Then they divided in to two experimental and control groups. After 8 sessions of therapy for 2 hours on the experimental group, the post test was taken from them.and data analysis with SPSS software.The results of variance analysis of differential pre- test and post- test scores showed that there was a significant difference between the experimental group and the control group in the two variables of psychological well-being and loneliness .According to the findings of this study, mindfulness based cognitive therapy significantly reduced loneliness and increased psychological well-being of divorced mothers.

Decision-making has wide role in the lives of individuals and recognition of problem solving and decision-making skills is necessary to deal with various issues in the today world. The goal of this research is investigate the role of cognitive emotion regulation strategies in predicting students' decision-making style. The study population included undergraduate students of Razi University in Kermanshah. Among students in 1395, 150 people were randomly selected using multi-stage cluster sampling method. Research data by using of cognitive emotion regulation strategies, questionnaires were collected and decision-making through spss software version 23 and statistical methods of correlation and regression were studied. The results showed that there is a negative relationship between self-blame and others blame strategy with the rational decision making style, there is a negative relationship between self-blame strategy strategy with intuitive decision making style. There is a negative relationship between Positive refocusing, Refocus on planning, Reappraisal, and Putting into perspective strategy with avoidant decision-making style, and there is a positive relationship between Rumination, Catastrophizing, and Other-blame strategy with this style. There is a positive relationship between Self-blame and Catastrophizing strategy with dependent decision making style and Putting into perspective strategy had negative relationship with this style. There is a positive relationship between Catastrophizing and Other-blame strategy with spontaneous decision making style, and there is a negative relationship between Putting into perspective strategy with this style.

Leisure behavior patterns are usually based on places and spaces. The purpose of this study was to analysis the relationships between serious leisure, identity and Place dependence in women. It was applied from the aspect of purpose and of the descriptive-correlational type in terms of nature and theme, and was conducted based on structural equation modeling. Sample size was specified as 156 according to the presumptions made on the basis of a 0.05 alpha level and a 0.90 power using the PASS software. The instruments used in this research for data collection included questionnaires by Gould et al (2008) on serious leisure and by Kyle et al (2005) on identity and Place dependence. The validity of the questionnaires was approved after three-step translation, and the reliability was at the desired level (0.92, 0.84 & 0.90). The results suggested that Tehran's Enghelab Sports Complex has been successful in establishment of a place identity regarding what women have made on their minds about this specific place and their attachment to it. Availability of such places provides women with higher chances of and greater opportunities for participation in leisure activities including sports.

The present study was designed to address the causes of intimacy violence partner by applying systematic review. If we understand, anticipate, and illustrate the romantic relationships, we could figure out how it would be improved. As intimacy violence partner was usually neglected by couples as a serious problem, it considered as a significant issue. The statistical population consists of databases and studies that deal with the issue of couple aggression from 1978 to 2018. Based on the criterion of separation, studies with a score of 3 or higher were included in the study. Data analysis was performed qualitatively. Finally, 64 trials including 25 Iranian and 39 foreign articles with inclusion criteria were evaluated. Results showed there main factor groups, namely: "individual" factors that individuals relate to (eg, observation of childhood aggression), factors related to "couple's interactive context" or " Interpersonal factors "(eg, differences in power, sexism, communication patterns, attachment, and domination), third, are" non-individual "factors (such as education level, age and financial and economic problems, extramarital relationships, polygamy ), Which has been the focus of most Iranian researchers. The present study systematically reviews three categories of "individual", "interpersonal", and "non-individual" factors. Therefore, it can be concluded that the role of structural and functional factors in explaining couples' aggression in empirical studies is unnecessary. There is a future effort.

Happiness is a lost contemporary human being and the ultimate goal of all human beings and in today's world, it has become one of the challenges facing mankind that is influenced by various factors. The purpose of this study was to identify the themes of happiness among female faculty members. The present research is a qualitative research methodology and phenomenological method. The statistical population includes faculty members of Mazandaran University, which has 71 members. Qualitative data was collected from semi-structured interviews from 24 people. The validity and reliability of the study were verified on the basis of validity, transferability, reliability, and verifiability. The method of data analysis in this study was thematic analysis (comprehensive, organizing, and inclusive). The results showed that themes of faculty happiness were followed by gender equality organizing themes, professionalism, Paying attention to facilities and subsistence, Intimate relationships, timely financial payments and academic independence. 

Achieving high economic growth rates can be considered as one of the major goals of any economic system that is independent of social, economic and cultural development.Considering the fact that women's employment in different sectors of the economy has driven the wheels of the country's economy and played a major role in the development and growth of the economy, it is very important to examine the role and position of women's employment in increasing the country's economic growth.In this study, women's employment statistics, including women's activities in the agricultural sector, industry and services, as well as economic growth (GDP per capita), were collected from the World Bank and analyzed using Eviews software.The findings of the researchbased on the econometric model of the panel data of the thirteen Middle Eastern countries (Jordan, Iran, Saudi Arabia, Egypt, Turkey, Israel, United Arab Emirates, Lebanon, Kuwait, Oman, Iraq, Bahrain, Yemen) in 2010-2015, Shows that the variables of women's activity in all sectors of agriculture, industry and services have had a positive and significant effect on GDP per capita.The activity of women in the economic sectors is capable of explaining changes in GDP.This means that increasing the employment of women will increase the probability of GDP per capita.Therefore, consideration of women's employment status and their directing to the labor market can provide the basis for growth and development in the economic and social spheres of the country.

The Prisoners(Men or Womens) capability for rehabilitation is a Major hypothesis of Correctional criminology, and the Necessity of Creating a methodical program for prisoner re-entry to the Society is a main purpose of it. The purpose of this article is to Criminological and Sociological examine the Treatment policy and its Methods. This research has a descriptive and analytical methods, and Referring with a new Criminological approaches in regard Correctional Criminology. The findings of this study showed that the prison treatment program is inherently rooted in societies facts and expectations, and this program is tailored to the individual and social differences between men and women, in addition to joint plans, it also has independent measures. The results of this study showed that Implementation of a specific and restrictive approach, as well as the implementation of traditional methods, cannot change the behavior of prisoners. Therefore, the rules and regulations governing the idea of reforming prisoners in prison should be adapted to the conditions and characteristics of different categories of male and female prisoners. While using common and reforming ideas, specific models should also be taken into account for women and men in prison, to add to the prisons remedial capability and prison system and the possibility of a successful and normative return of convicts to the society.

This study investigates the problems of non-spouse-headed households and examines its relationship with the attitude of these women to remarriage. The research method is mixed; in the qualitative method, 18 semi-structured interviews were conducted with these individuals and the socio-cultural issues related to remarriage were extracted and indexed from the point of view of non-spouses. In a quantitative method, questionnaire was adjusted and completed by 510 female headed households in Tehran province (through snowball sampling and through supportive institutions). Qualitative findings showed that women surveyed tended to marry and their most important problems were emotional, security, economic, sexual and cultural-social needs that were indexed and their correlation with marital attitude was tested; Sexual and emotional needs, cultural factors and social security had the most impact on the attitude toward marriage and did not explain the economic need for marriage. The result is that the importance of economic issues in marriage is less than the other factors, because marriage is a feeling and an inner need. Therefore, in reviewing the empowerment policy of female head of households, in addition to addressing economic and employment issues, the conditions for facilitating their re-marriage are necessary.

The purpose of this research is to discover the meaning of the concept of prostitution. The methodology used to achieve this goal was qualitative. Twenty-two women who referred to the .D.I.C. House of Tehran Sun. participated in this research. They were selected using purposeful and theoretical sampling. The data were collected using deep interviewing method and with the method of field theory and according to the triple coding steps. Generally, in the process of data analysis, five concepts were created. The core category, which was obtained after combining and categorizing the categories, is the patriarchal social support system. Based on the results, with the rule of the patriarchal social support system, there is no doubt that the status of women in families is shaky and fragile. There is no doubt that by promoting the thinking of women based on men, the social benefits scene will benefit the heavy men. The governing body of the social support environment, which distributes points and opportunities patriarchally, provides psychological fields for women who seek to repair the injuries inflicted on them, As well as the attainment of relief, disappointment, and a sense of failure and revenge.