فصلنامه جغرافیا و آمایش شهری - منطقه ای
پیاپی 35 (تابستان 1399)

The new Town is not an abstract concept, and the first thing to address is that we cannot study a city without considering the system in which the city is flowing. The set of governing conditions, including the communication system, the path of value added exchanges, the governing political thought, the existing cultural values, ideology, natural conditions, regional, country position in the world system, etc. act as a system that makes the success, efficiency and adequacy of the new city shapes Iran. The reality of the new town in Iran is such a complex. Currently, out of the first 5 new cities of Iran, 5 are among the official cities of the country and have a municipality, out of which 5 are the only new campus city center campus. The main purpose of this study is to explain the management of the first generation of new cities in Iran from the perspective of national divisions. The present study is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive and analytical in terms of method. This research is conducted in two parts. In the first section, after reviewing the basics and defining the study indices and using Eviews software and using spatial statistics techniques, the research indices were tested and quantified. Population dispersal as well as the effect of fitting the city's position (political and administrative position) on the urban-regional system are associated with population recruitment and repulsion. In the second part of the research, the indicators of good urban governance as a guiding theory in different sources were firstly studied and the 9-stack indices were studied. Then, according to the opinions and suggestions of 7 experts based on Delphi technique, the research indices were adjusted to 20 items using purposive sampling. Data were collected using questionnaire and survey, and k-s1 test was used for proving the normality of the variables and data analysis. Based on the most significant results based on the Likert spectrum among the 2 indices based on the 5 indices, the utilization of the potentials of the city and region was determined from the effectiveness and efficiency index with a mean weight of 4.20. Therefore, it is clear that this statement is of great importance in explaining the management of Iran's new towns from the perspective of national divisions and presenting a proposed model. This rating is consistent with the main criterion for evaluating the good governance model of a city that is effective. In the proposed model, in order to exploit the potential of the city and region, the new town managers (12 new towns) should better emphasize the importance of their city from different demographic dimensions and so that as a new campus city, the first priority is to divide the state into their own.

Cities are the greatest manifestations of human civilization that has been influenced by many factors such as religion and religion over the course of history. In this regard, Islam has become an important issue because it was essentially found in the city and its development through the development and construction of cities Was. The spread of Islam towards Iran and the integration of Iranian culture and architecture with Islamic principles led to the formation of a specific type of urbanization and architecture, titled "Urbanization and Iranian-Islamic architecture", based on solid foundations. Today, however, these traditions are diminished. Bypassing from previous positive criteria, cities lose their shape, form and function. This research aims to assess the evolution of the physical and design aspects of the main elements of the Iranian-Islamic city and their ranking in the city of Tabriz. has taken. The present research is applied in terms of purpose and is descriptive-analytical in terms of its nature. The data collection method is also based on documentary and survey methods. So, the research data were collected from two groups of statistical population (28 managers and experts and civilian elites). The model of network analysis process (ANP) and Super Decision software have been used to identify and analyze the quality indices of Iranian-Islamic urban design. Based on the results, the sub-criteria of visual beauty, identity and sense of belonging, efficiency, architectural values, and legibility are respectively 0.649, 0.489, 0.357, 0.278, and 0.263, respectively, with the highest final weight. Also, by comparing the priority of the main criteria, we conclude that the performance criterion with the weight of 0.730 is the highest and then the criterion of the form with the 0.188 second rank and the criterion of meaning with the coefficient of 0.080 is the last rank. The results of the calculations indicate that the level of environmental quality indicators, such as visual beauty, has been enhanced in terms of form, efficiency, privacy, accessibility, and green diversity, in terms of performance, security, comfort, and legibility in terms of meaning, but other indicators such as value Architectural and human scale in the dimension of form and social interactions, participation and vitality in the dimension of performance, identity and sense of belonging, and the appearance and coherence of the environment in terms of meaning have been weakened. Finally, after weighting binary checklists for urban design, the final weight of the main elements of Iranian-Islamic city of Tabriz in terms of environmental quality was presented based on the network analysis model. According to the results, the elements of gardens, religious schools, bazaar and citadel were respectively The weights 0.065, 0.046, 0.043 and 0.037 are in first to fourth positions.

Sistan Region is one of the windy areas of Iran and wind gusts have significantly affected the manner of building construction in the region, leading to formation of unique architectural elements and models. Kharkhona is one of these unique constructs built by the Vernacular architects to moderate climatic conditions especially wind speed. There was a lack of research about the impact of Kharkhona on wind speed and its optimized rate in the Vernacular Housing of Sistan Region; therefore, this study was conducted with the aim of measuring wind speed in abodes equipped with Kharkhona and comparing the resultant human comfort with that of structurally similar houses which are not equipped with Kharkhona in order to determine the most optimized wind speed for achieving indoor thermal comfort in Sistan Region. The methodology consisted of field measurements in two structurally identical rooms, one equipped with and one without Kharkhona, and an outdoor station as reference point. Measurements were performed during the hottest days of June-July 2019 in three-hour intervals and Microsoft Excel’s descriptive statistics was used for analysis of the collected data. The results indicated that, considering the interaction between wind and air temperature in creating thermal comfort, wind speed has a positive impact on thermal comfort in any temperature lower than 32.5°C and a negative impact in any temperature higher than that. Since according to the field measurements of this study the mean temperature of the outdoor station and the room not equipped with Kharkhona was above 32.5°C, wind had a negative impact on thermal comfort. However, since air temperature in the room equipped with Kharkhona was lower than 30°C during the entire day cycle, the 1m/s wind speed had a positive impact on the residents’ thermal comfort.

The main themes in relation to urban development are the form or shape of the city. The city is divided into two main types, compact and spiral, and a variety of subcategory forms. Because of a close relationship between the city''s form and its sustainability, urban managers must recognize City growth pattern that can lead to more sustainability. Based on this, in the framework of the theory of sustainable development, the spatial growth pattern of Arak was evaluated with three research hypotheses. Data were collected from the census and Gis municipal unit data. The nature of the research is descriptive, although analytical techniques have been used. To recognize the tendency of growth pattern, the Heldern method and metric indices (density, concentration and continuity) were used to test the spatial distribution of the population from entropy and Gini coefficients, and to test of aggregation and population distribution of Moran coefficients, mean The closest neighborhood, low / high clustering, multi-spatial clustering, cluster / cluster analysis, cluster pattern and G coefficient were used. The results of the test showed that in spite of the widespread urbanization of 1965-85, the city''s tendency to intensive growth started from 2011. There is a relative balance in population distribution. Arak has a cluster growth pattern with the formation of hot spots in the center and around the center and a cold point in the East-Northeast. Therefore, it is imperative that city administrators Benefit advantage of a compact city and prevent the disadvantages of a compact city.--

--Today, the livability of metropolises has become one of the major global challenges of the 21st century. Therefore, the need to pay attention to the livability of metropolises in recent decades has found its place in the country's scientific literature, and in this regard, many efforts have been made in the field of research in the form of dissertations, dissertations, research papers and conferences. This paper has been conducted with the aim of metacognitive pathology of livability research scales in the metropolitan area of Iran. This research is for developmental and content analysis purposes. And based on the method, it is one of the qualitative researches. From the perspective of the method of data collection, it is in the category of documentary research. The statistical population of the study is all internal surveys conducted on the livability of metropolitan areas of the country whose reports are indexed in the Magiran Database or the Scientific Jihad Database (SID). Thirty related studies were selected 30 studied using purposeful sampling. The results obtained from the meta-study showed that more than 30% of the articles in the field of metropolitan livability were problematic from the methodological point of view. The results of the research can be attributed to the scarcity and variety of research activities in the field of metropolitan livability and shortcomings and major drawbacks in research methodology in terms of issues such as mere reliance on questions, hypothesis vacancies and research. Qualitative pointed out the uncertainty of the research strategy, the lack of methodology, the repetition of topics, methods, statistics, non-classification of indicators, livability & reliability, the lack of quantitative expression techniques, and the sources used.

Territory is a territorial and legal expression with limited, fixed boundaries and with the right to national sovereignty in the form of a certain structure, which sometimes contradicts the interests of brokers (powers, governments, states, political decision makers, geopoliticians, and other territorialization and territory expansion actors), becoming territorialization- expansion (both in land and Sea). In this sense, territorialization -maritime expansion is an attempt to conquer, control and dominate water areas (beyond territory and legal boundaries), with the aim of achieving the geographical interests and resources of power, domination and gaining prestige in general and especially at sea. In this regard, the main question of this article is as follows: What are the most important factors that lead the actors territorialization- expansion in the field of the sea? The hypotheses raised in answer to the research question are as follows: First, it is inherent of human territorialization- expansion. Second,the lack of complete deterrence with the convention on the law of the sea (1982) due to the misinterpretation and misuse of some countries (mainly powers) andthe relative dominance of coastal states in regions and maritime territories that paves the way for the territorialization- expansion of others.Third, the role of the natural structure (positional and morphological) of the seaand the fourth is the functional capacity (geopolitical, geoeconomic, transit, security-military, etc.) of the sea,In general, the utilitarian perception of these cases as a powerful geographical resource,Justifying the territorialization- expansion of the claimant countriesIn the fixed realms of lawand beyond it is in places and spaces away from maritime.The present study is a combination of description, analysis and explanation in terms of method. The required information is collected according to the library method.--

The growing demand for mobile communications services has led to an increase in the number of telecommunication towers, especially in urban areas in recent years. One of the important issues that have plagued societies in parallel with the increase in the number of telecommunication towers is the concerns related to the possible dangers, posed by the radiations of the mentioned towers on the health of the citizens. In the meantime, residential areas and sensitive population centers are parts of the city where citizens are exposed to radiations from mobile phone towers for a longer period of time. As a result, citizens' health concerns are becoming more serious in these areas. The purpose of this study is to monitor the health of the citizens with the optimal site selection of mobile telecommunication towers approach in district 1 of Zanjan municipality. The research method is descriptive-analytical and it is applicable in terms of applied results. The required data and information were collected through library studies and field visits and gis were used to analyze the data. The results show that currently, due to the uncertainty in responding to the risk of  long-term effects of radiations of mobile telecommunication towers on the health of citizens, the current solution is to avoid exposure to towers radiations. Out of the 29 towers in the study area, 5 towers must be relocated due to non-compliance with standard distances with residential areas and sensitive population centers.--

Experimental evidence indicates that inequality in Iranian metropolis is due to inequality-based development. This makes the class gap deeper in the cities, with each winning and losing group taking a special look at urban management. Accordingly, the main purpose of this study is to show whether people in the metropolitan experience inequality or not, and in general, what effect does this have on people's participation and cooperation? This research is descriptive – correlational in the frame of survey studies, while it is practical regarding its objective.  Using Cochran formula, a sample size of 382 individuals was determined and selected by cluster sampling method based on the population size of each municipality of Mashhad. Descriptive statistics, Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, multivariate regression, and structural equation modeling in SPSS and PLS software were used to analyze the data. The results showed that the intensity of feeling of inequality in relation to economic, occupational and political inequality was at the highest level and opportunity inequality was at its lowest level. According to the coefficient of determination, the co-variance of two variables of economic and social conditions with a sense of inequality is 59%. In addition, the results of data analysis showed that there is a significant relationship between economic and social conditions with the sense of inequality (economic-opportunities). Therefore, the strategic proposition of the research is to change the current trends of development based on inequality through the transformation of social relations at the macro level.--

Optimization of land use allocation as one of the best models for environmental protection and coordinating different economic, social and other land use goals. The 10th Region of Tabriz has been inadequate in terms of fitting and optimal distribution of applications. Therefore, this study aimed to optimize land use allocation in 10th Region of Tabriz metropolitan. The present research deals with the nature of developmental-applied and descriptive-analytical method in the allocating land use field using eight main uses: housing divided into three classes, commercial, educational, therapeutic, cultural, green spaces, sports Commercial-residential, categorized by three types of classes, is based on the multi-objective genetic optimization algorithm, the second-class non-occupational sorting (NSGA-II). To this end, four maximum nonlinear objective functions are used: maximizing FAR, maximizing economic profit, maximizing adaptability, compression maximization. Eight types of land use and eight limitations were defined, and the combined weight method was used to combine the numerical value of the objective function after normalization. The NSGA-II operators were modified and the proposed model was developed in the MATLAB programming language. The model was implemented according to the modeling constraints. To illustrate the output of the model, the special coding method for solutions that defined the output was defined by the GIS software. The results indicate the effectiveness and effectiveness of the proposed model and its potential in supporting the urban planning and decision-making process. This potential is achieved through the production of alternative alternatives and the display of optimal solutions. The results of this study showed that in the case of optimization of land use in the 10th district of Tabriz, the FAR value is 13.04% and economic profit is 21.06% and compatibility-compression between applications is 2.3 and 4.6%, respectively.--

Today, tourism, as one of the world's largest service industries, has a special place in the economic, cultural, social and political spheres. Given the influential role of tourism in society, especially in the economic sector, taking advantage of optimal management practices for sustainable development of this industry is an inevitable necessity. Therefore, the purpose of the present study is to evaluate the Influential factors of tourism systematic management and their future studies in Tabriz metropolis with emphasis on good governance approach. The research method in the present study is a combination of quantitative and qualitative approaches with the nature of a future study, which has been used in order to collect information, the Delphi technique of elites and city managers (15 experts in the field of tourism) and for the purpose of data analysis, cross-effects analysis technique in MICMAC software. The research findings show that the most influential factors in the development of tourism management system based on good governance approach in Tabriz metropolis related to the existence of a single and responsive leadership; recruitment of people based on knowledge competency in tourism organizations; Knowledge is in human resources and the formation of inter-institutional interaction and trust in the institutions involved with tourism. The results also indicate that, given the current situation, the management of Tabriz's tourism system with an emphasis on good governance in the future has shifted to instability.