نشریه مدیریت کسب و کارهای بین المللی
سال سوم شماره 2 (پیاپی 9، تابستان 1399)

Today, achieving competitive advantage is regarded as one of the most important first steps for companies to enter global markets and expand their international operations and succeed in these markets. On the other hand, with the increasing internationalization of the global economy, the focus on competitive advantage has increased. In today's world, the development of the apparel market, on the one hand, and the increased competitiveness between apparel companies and the expectation of customers, on the other hand, have encouraged these companies to improve the quality of their goods and gain competitive advantage in today's evolving markets. Take action. The present study aimed to study the impact of comprehensive quality management on competitive advantage through the mediating role of innovation performance (incremental and fundamental innovation performance) among apparel exporting companies. The research is applied in terms of purpose and in terms of research method and data collection, it is descriptive-survey type. The statistical population consisted of active apparel exporting companies with 250 standard questionnaires which were used for face validity and Cronbach's alpha coefficient for its reliability, Simple random sampling was distributed among companies, out of which only 214 questionnaires were analyzed. The covariance-based structural equation modeling (LISREL) approach has been used to investigate hypotheses and confirm the conceptual model of research. The results show that total quality management has a significant positive effect on competitive advantage, incremental and fundamental innovation performance, Also, incremental and fundamental innovation performance has a significant positive effect on competitive advantage.

Based on the capability-based theory of the firm, Sustainable competitive advantage is rooted in dynamic capabilities. In this study, some Iranian and German firms which have a stable performance over the past years are compared. The similarities and differences of these firms regarding their dynamic capabilities are discussed. The process through which these capabilities build new trajectories is also explained. Multiple case study method was used to conduct the research. Four Iranian and four German companies were studied. Seventeen managers were interviewed, and organizational documents such as the minutes of meetings, performance reports, strategic plans, and website data were analyzed. The results show that although the microfoundations of dynamic capabilities can have similarities with each other, the dynamic capabilities themselves, which are embedded in managerial decision-making and organizational routines, are unique. These capabilities are formed and developed based on environmental requirements and the company's history. Learning the complexities of competing in a foreign market can help Iranian management consulting firms to enter these markets with better understanding.

Companies need to identify the factors affecting their export performance in order to survive and succeed in export activities. The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of Employee’s Brand-Building Behaviour on brand equity and performance of export companies in Semnan province. The present research is applied in terms of purpose and in terms of data collection method, it is descriptive of survey type. The statistical population of this study is all companies active in industrial towns of semnan that 239 were selected by simple random sampling method. Also, the questionnaire was used to collect data and Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) was used to analyze data. The findings of the present study showed that variable participation, positive word-of-mouth, In-Role Brand-Building Behavior and Retention had a positive and significant effect on brand equity. Also, there was a significant positive relationship between brand equity and export performance companies of Semnan.

investment has always been an important factor in economic development in societies has always been the focus of economic policy makers in pursuit of a developed economy. In general, there are many factors affecting the investment process, in which the institutional environment of the doing business is of particular importance and weakness in this section is considered as an important barrier to investment in developing countries. Therefore, improving the doing business is a positive step towards strengthening the private sector participation in the economy. As a result, attention to the improvement of the doing business is a necessary, which can be achieved by expanding investment attractiveness for economic growth. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of doing business on investment in the selected countries of the Middle East and North Africa (MENA). The study covers the period 2007 to 2016. The results show the positive and significant effect of the overall index of doing business on investment. Also, indicators of starting a business, protecting minority investors, paying taxes and trading across borders have positive and significant impact on investment. Whereas the estimated coefficients indicators of dealing with construction permits, getting electricity, registering property, getting credit, enforcing contracts and resolving insolvency insignificant on investment. According to the result of this study, the control variables of per capita income, financial development and import have positive and significant effect as well as interest rate variable has negative and significant effect on the investment of the selected countries.

Today, the important role of innovation in the growth of companies, sectors, and countries has given rise to widespread interest in research in this field. In this study, we investigated the impact of product innovation and marketing on product internationalization through innovative performance, market performance, and product export in startups. The present study is an applied descriptive survey in terms of purpose and method of research. The statistical population of the study was managers of startups in Isfahan. The sampling method of this study was convenience. Morgan table was used to determine the number of samples and 155 persons were selected. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS and Amos software, and regression analysis was used for path analysis of hypotheses. Research findings showed that product innovation has a positive and significant effect on innovation in marketing and innovative performance. Also, marketing innovation has a positive and significant impact on innovative performance, production performance affects market performance, and product exports affects product internationalization. Therefore, innovation capability is one of the factors needed for managers to empower the company to drive superior products, services and business models.

Increasing the production and export of tomato crops that Iran has in its production has a comparative advantage can make it possible to achieve more valuable revenues. In addition, developing export of this product is very important in order to export of non-oil products. The purpose of this study is identification of the best export target markets for Iran tomato product. Also, in this study, numerical taxonomy method has been used to select potential export target markets. The used data are related 2001 to 2017 period. In this study, has used five coefficients of fluctuation of rank, proximity coefficient, average coefficient of rank, average coefficient of share and share fluctuation coefficient. The results of this study show that According to identified priorities, Iraq is the first target market for exporting tomatoes and then countries of Afghanistan ranked second and Russia ranked third. Persian Gulf States ranked respectively in the United Arab Emirates, Oman, Bahrain, Kuwait, Saudi Arabia and Qatar has the last rank. With the exception of the United Arab Emirates, the rest of the Gulf States are ranked. Also the results show that current export market of tomato has significant difference with potential markets. So, use of export guiding policies toward potential target market has suggested.

Customers make decisions based on their perception of price, product features and other marketing mix elements. The important thing for marketing decision makers is consumers' perceptions of price, not their actual price. In this study, we try to explain the process of price perception and investigate the variables affecting price perception in Iranian customers and then compare the price perception of customers in other countries.The nature of the data and the style of analysis are collected in a qualitative research group through in-depth interviews with the data participants and also systematic review. From the perspective of the research method, it is analytical-descriptive and the research data are analyzed by content analysis method. Maxqda software is used to analyze the data. In this first step, we systematically study the factors of price perception according to all researches related to price perception and in the second stage the interviews are analyzed through content analysis method and then the results are compared. We have achieved a framework that consists of 6factors: economic, social, ethnic, service, marketing and buyer characteristics. Finally, out of a total of 14 identified themes, 12 themes were related to the existing concepts in the research background and 2 themes were identified as new concepts. These topics include services and distributors. 8 codes were found in the research background that were not repeated in the interviews. These codes include bias towards domestic goods, perceived value, durability, efficiency, coupon, bargaining during purchase, product portfolio, payment method