نشریه پژوهش های بین رشته ای ادبی
پیاپی 3 (بهار و تابستان 1399)

Khosrow and Shirin is one of Ganji's most important military works in the field of Ghanaian literature. Nezami has portrayed one of the most important pre-Islamic love stories in this poem. In this study, the character of Farhad has been analyzed and analyzed using a descriptive-analytic method of library study and the use of Erik Forum's Love Theory (which is psychological theory). The study shows that Farhad in Khosrow and Shirin is a true lover who experiences many hardships in the path of love and features such as: self-sacrifice, compassion, sense of responsibility, respect and knowledge that are the most important The qualities of love are in Eric Forum's theory of love, fully possessed. Farhad also possesses the qualities he desires to achieve in love, and he is on the path to being a purposeful, realistic, faithful, and active person. On this basis, from a psychological perspective, Farhad possesses all the attributes and attributes of a true lover, and the quality of his presence in the story and the events that take place is a testament to this claim.

In the novel, “Fire without smoke” , Nader Ebrahimi introduces many of the cultural components of Turkmens desert people such as customs, beliefs, beliefs, etc. As no comprehensive research has ever been done with this title, the current paper aims to extract and study the cultural properties of " Fire withouth smoke" as far as possible in an analytical-descriptive method. The Smoke-Free Fire novel divided under the main titles: The religious beliefs and customs, the family, the essentials of life, beliefs and traditions, and inconsistency with the ruling ideology, that each of these main titles will include sub-titles associated with them. In this chapter, under each title, first of all it is attempted to introduce a brief description of the origin and nature of that title, and then the extracted samples of the novel text are analyzed based on theoretical foundations. After recognizing these cultural elements, the reason for many of the behaviors and the remarks of the characters of the novel is determined by the influence of the ideology and ruling hegemony, and all the elements of the novel, as part of a general structure that reflects the cultural and anthropological characteristics of the community under discussion, plays its role and in this way, an understanding, though brief, of the cultural components is achieved such as personality and values of the Turkmen people during the period of the work

In this paper are examined the structures of the Rumi's mind in Image processing in Qazaliyat-e- Shams. Fundamental theoretical of research is one of the categories of cognitive linguistics, entitled The Approach of Mental Spaces and the Perceptual Integration. It shows how Rumi uses the information that enters his mind and expresses it in his style. The result is that the two main associative factors that are influential in the visual structure of Qazaliyat-e- Shams are the similarity of origin and the contradiction of the two mental domains. The constant repetition of incongruous and ambiguous symbols throughout Qazaliyat-e- Shams is as meaningful as day, night, light, and darkness, and helps the audience understand the meaning of the Narrator. Part of Rumi's imagery is a combination of abstract -sensory domain. Visualizing abstract concepts and bringing them into the text world is one of the functions of the metaphor in Rumi's opinion.

Why the language of ancient Sufi texts has such a remarkable persuasion power. For example, why does the Sufi’s interpretation of Meibodi, have such a lasting impact on its audience? In this study, we investigated the messages of Sufi’s interpretation, by applying the theory of persuasive communication of Atollar Binger's social psychology and analysis content. The findings indicate the existence of a five-fold scheme in of Atollar Binger's theory. Principle One: The Meibody Response Stimulus Plan first puts forward its idea. Then, by affirming the verses, hadiths, traditions, sayings of the elders of religion and the Sufi elders, they associate it with the past teachings and values of the audience. Principle Two: Reasonableness and Fairness. Principle Three: Expressing the needs of the audience. Principle Four: Incorporate group norms and social interests of audiences such as the need to accept others, the need to internalize human values, the need to be respected, the need to belong to the group, the need to protect human rights. Principle 5: Messages are formed according to the personality characteristics of the audience - their - urban middle class. Therefore, the creative application of persuasive methods has the potential to influence audiences. Because empathy makes the message pleasing to the audience. As a result, responding to the immortal, timeless and impotent individual and collective needs of humans has resulted in the mystical Sufi messages of such influential persuasive power to this day.

Evidentiality concerns with how the speaker achieved the information and the way it was conveyed to the addressee. The languages which have evidentiality have an indication through which the hearer understands that whether the speaker has seen the act himself, heard it from someone, inferred or just assumed it. Even though Persian does not have evidentiality but it has some evidentiality strategies such as mood, perception verbs, quotations and passives, oaths and pronouns. The present study aims at investigating the relation between evidentiality and characterization in Pellekan, a play by Akbar Radi, so as to answer A) what evidentiality strategy dose the author use in characterization and B) what evidentiality strategy do the characters use in interaction with one another? In order to answer these questions, the dialogues in which the author informs his readers about a character and those in which the characters show their own charcaters in conversation have been investigated and based on the findings it was clarified that direct evidentiality was of greater use by both the author as well as the characters.

Sociological Research on the Formation of the Persian Novel:‎Lukacs-Bourdieu's ReadingsAbstractThis research is based on the sociological approach and in the field of sociology of literature and novel and within the framework of qualitative method and using the analytical method of "Compound determination " of Lukacs by asking the question:What sociological factors were associated with the formation of the Persian novel?.Theoretical foundations of theories in the field of sociology of ‎literature ‎‎(Lukacs and Bourdieu),and the samples examined have been selected ‎using the ‎Purposive sampling technique. The time period of the research is the ‎end of the ‎Qajar era and the beginning of the constitutional revolution.The ‎concepts of ‎research are secularism and individualism, concepts that entered the ‎Iranian ‎literary field from the beginning of the Constitutional Revolution ‎through ‎political activists,journalists and writers in the fields of politics and ‎literature,and ‎after the victory of the constitutional movement,the issue of the ‎proponents and ‎Opponents of constitutionalism were present.The main premise ‎of this research ‎is based on the influence of the Iranian literary field and the ‎authors of this field ‎on these ideologies.An examination of the research data ‎shows that the ‎formation of the Persian novel was influenced by the ideologies ‎of secularism ‎and individualism.

Machiavelli's relation to literary theory goes back to the early twentieth century. After this date relatively significant works in Persian literature have been criticized by Machiavelli's Thoughts. And this process continues until now. The present article first deals with the genealogy of this process in Persian literary criticism And then he looks at the pathology of such research. . The results show that most of this flow is due to disregard of Machiavelli's actual position In the discourse of Western political thought And by reducing the ideas of this thinker- Because of the use of incorrect translations- Provides incomplete information about Machiavelli and thus This misconception as a literary theory has been applied in the process of literary criticism Its sum often results in incomplete results and inaccurate readings of texts.

Conceptual metaphor is one of the linguistic theories that has been raised in recent years by two linguists, Lakoff and Johnson .They believe that the Position of metaphor is in the mind and thought of the human subconscious. the human perceptual system have metaphorical nature and all human actions and behaviors and speech are based on the same organized and subconscious domain. According to this view, metaphor is the transfer or mapping of an abstract realm into an objective realm. In this essay we have attempted to study based on this attitude, the category of light and its relation to love in Hafiz's sonnets. Thus light and its essentials, which are an objective concept, are placed in the realm of origin and love, which is an abstract subject, in the realm of destination. The vast connection between these two realms in Hafez's sonnet indicates that the poet used the set of light and its essentials to make sense of the subject of love which in itself indicates that Hafiz considers love enlightening.

The art and literature are the most trustable objects and can reflect the history of the society. The poets and the artist are the conscience and the voices of their time. The changes and transformations in the social and historical aspects could be put into literature if there is originality and subjectivity. The poems are predator and manifesto of the passion, impulses and numerous social pains, so it acts like a cutter cultural media and records varieties of the injuries and social and historical crisis of the country. As a historical and cultural memory of Persian society as well as one of the critics of historical and social situation in Eighth century AH, Hafiz received so many social and historical injuries in his time and reacted to them in his poems. This research with its historical approach and analytic-descriptive method concentrates on social and historical injuries in Eighth century AH in his divan. The findings show that Hafiz included the social and historical injuries of his time such as insecurity and instability, determinism and fatalism, treason, hypocrisy and duality, mistrust and the domination of viciousness over virtue for awareness of the readers. Hafiz suggested the probable alternatives and the solutions such as patience, willingness, faithfulness, love and monotheism, testing and pragmatism, wisdom and dervish versus this injuries.

Love is a common theme in psychology and literary works that can be examined and compared according to the principles of interdisciplinary research. Sternberg, in his theory of love, believes that any individual follows certain patterns of romantic behavior affected by gender, cultural, and social factors learns, called the love story. Then, on the basis of such romantic behavior patterns, the trend of emotional tendencies and the cause of the persistence or instability of romantic relationships can be explained. What has been considered in the present study is the conformity of the theme of romantic relationships in the plots of the analyzed stories with Sternberg's Theory of Love. The author of this article has attempted to match the couples' relationship patterns in my five novels of “My Bird”, “Dash, Eileen”, “Ecchymosis”, "Autumn is the Last Season”, and “I Turn Off the Lights”, with the love stories that Dr. Sternberg has outlined in his theory, and to indicate its importance in the cause and effect structure of plots. The love stories used in these novels are garden tales, fantasy, remedies and home based on which the logic of the stories’ plots can be explained. Adopting an intertextual perspective, the correspondence between fiction and Sternberg's psychological theory is of particular importance, and it is possible to suggest the study of such stories to teach love stories and correct the reader's inefficient beliefs.

Khaje Nizam Al-molk’s Siyasat-Name is one of the most valuable books of fifth century in Persian literature which is so important in historical texts of public law as well as in Persian literature. in some cases this text expresses the principles of the kingdom according to Shari'a. By examining the Siyasat-Name, we encounter the concepts and institutions that Khaje Nizam Al-Molk uses in terms of rules and principles of Islamic financial system by mentioning them as effective elements in the financial system of the country. Examples of such issues as fairness, financial transparency, prohibition of prohibition, prohibition of immovable property, general welfare, economic justice and economic security include Kheje Nizam Al-Molk, with regard to Islamic law, illustrating a desirable good Islamic financial system. Therefore In this research, we have tried to evaluate and introduce a part of the financial rules of the property, including financial policies, which are considered by Khaje Nizam Al-Molk in Siyar-Al-Moluk based on the Islamic financial system, with a historical and descriptive-analytical approach. Key-words: Siyasat-Nameh, Khaje Nizam Al-molk, History of Finance Law, Islamic Financial System, Siyar-Al-Moluk

Attention to the structure and content of textbooks is very important given the psychological and developmental characteristics of the child. Poems related to the child's domain should be in line with their psychological characteristics and the content of the poem should be consistent with the child's thinking and intellectual environment. The purpose of this study is to investigate the structure and content of Persian poetry books in elementary school. Investigating the content of poems, templates, weight, gender, and poetry (classical or contemporary) are the most important components of this research. The research method is descriptive and analysis of textbooks and method of gathering information, documents and libraries. The results showed that the poets, templates, weight and gender of the poets in accordance with the sixth grade of the elementary school and the characteristics of the child's development were not paid much attention. Topics are often repeated in elementary school. The four-sided format was the most used in the poems. As we get closer to the final years of elementary school, new and modern forms are used less frequently. Due to the child's mental development and increasing vocabulary at the end of elementary school (fifth and sixth grade), more nymaii and song formats can be used. The most common use of contemporary poets in the first elementary period is the first to the third grade, and the number of contemporary poet’s decreases as we approach the end of the period.