Journal of Oral Health and Oral Epidemiology
Volume:9 Issue: 2, Spring 2020

Recurrent aphthous stomatitis (RAS) as a common oral lesion may be created due to oxidative stress. In this study, we intend to examine the salivary antioxidant-oxidant status in patients with RAS.

In this review study, all English and Persian articles were searched by relevant keywords from the PubMed, ScienceDirect, Cochrane, Scopus and SID databases from 1995 to 30 March 2020. Two independent reviewers performed the study selection using the specified eligibility criteria. Finally, Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) method was used for the quality evaluation of studies.

A systematic search on the references led to the identification of 87 articles, of which 68 were excluded and finally, 19 articles were included in the study. The majority of the studies (86%) showed no significant decrease in the total antioxidant capacity (TAC). In 71% of the studies, the malondialdehyde (MDA) levels exhibited an increasing trend and in all studies, Glutathione peroxidase (GPx) had a decreasing trend; the results in relation to uric acid were contradictory.

Beyond the need for more extensive research in this area, it can be concluded that since RAS has multifactorial etiology, changes in the body’s antioxidant-oxidant status are considered as an effective factor along with other factors.

Oral and dental health condition besides its impact on quality of life (QOL) is a significant aspect of public health appraisal. Recognition of this impact and various dimensions is required to design evidence-based programs. This study was conducted to determine the impact of children’s oral health on families’ QOL in Rafsanjan City, south of Iran, in 2017.

This descriptive cross-sectional research was carried out on 631 parents of elementary students who were selected from schools using simple random sampling. Data collecting tool was a 3-section questionnaire including demographic characteristics, Family Impact Scale (FIS), and 6 items of health behaviors associated with oral health. Data were analyzed through SPSS software using statistical tests of Pearson correlation, one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), independent t-test, and chi-square test at a significance level of 0.050.

The mean score of FIS was 8.59 ± 8.20 out of 42. Major harms to family QOL occurred respectively in terms of concern about the child's future, upsetting family members, and needing more care compared to other family members. There was a significant relationship between FIS score and use of toothbrush, toothpaste, dental floss, junk foods, and regular check-up every 6 months (P < 0.010). Regular check-up (B = -3.54), regular brushing (B = 2.10), and less use of junk foods (B = 1.40) were three main factors in FIS (P < 0.001).

Considering the association between oral health behaviors and FIS, evidence-based interventional programs for children and parents are recommended. Also, to remove financial barriers, available and affordable services are recommended.

Dental students are exposed to various stressors which are related to treatment procedures and educational and administrative challenges in different clinical departments. Stress has negative effects on dental students’ physical and mental health. No study to date has been conducted on stressors in different dental departments independently, so the aim of this study was to determine the most important stressors among dental students in various dentistry departments at Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.

This descriptive-analytic cross-sectional study was carried out on 117 fifth and sixth-year dental students at School of Dentistry, Kerman University of Medical Sciences. In this respect, the most important stressors were separately investigated based on 11 clinical departments and 5 domains of school and administrative factors, work environment, patient treatment, clinical training, and workload using a researcher-made questionnaire. Data were analyzed with SPSS software using analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Friedman test.

The highest mean scores for stressors were in the departments of surgery, endodontics, and pediatric dentistry and in the domain of patient treatment. In all departments, there were significant differences in 5 domains(P < 0.05). In all departments, except pathology, the lowest stressors’ score was in domain of school and administrative factors; it was patient treatment in pathology department. The highest stressors’ score was seen in surgery department and in patient treatment and workload domains.

Considering that the types of stressors in each department were different, much more attention must be paid to manage specific stressors.

Osteointegration is the connection between alveolar bone and implant surface. After peri-implant diseases, the surface structure is changed, but the surface properties of the dental implant are crucial in re-osseointegration. This study aimed to examine the surface element levels of explanted implants due to peri-implantitis by scanning electron microscopy/energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscopy analysis (SEM-EDX).

Ten explanted sandblasted, large grit, acid-etched (SLA) surface dental implants (Straumann Roxolid, Straumann GmbH, Freiburg, Germany) were used for the study. Explanted implants were washed with distilled water/air spray to purify blood and debris, dried with air spray, and waited for test time at room temperature. Explanted implants were examined using a SEM. The samples were not coated with gold, and images were taken at 115x and 8000x. SEM-EDX was performed at three-point for each sample to analyze relative concentration or weight percent (wt%) of carbon (C), oxygen (O), sodium (Na), aluminum (Al), titanium (Ti), and zirconium (Zr) with same SEM.

In the explanted implants, osseointegrated bone (0.1-0.5 mm wide) residues were observed in places, especially in the apical region. Regarding metal-to-metal labeling on the surfaces of dismantled implants, no findings such as surface scratches, fractures, and cracks were found. In explanted implants, the amount of C was relatively higher, while the amount of Ti was relatively lower.

Within the limitation of this study, it can be said that the C amount is high, and the amount of Ti is low in explanted implants relatively. Further research is needed to understand the effect of surface elements on re-osseointegration, where the number of samples is high.

Shift work has become common in today’s society which causes a higher incidence of several systemic disorders. Although the consequences of shift work on general health have been investigated, there is no study investigating the relationship between shift work and oral health. The purpose of this investigation is to compare the oral health condition of shift workers with that of daytime workers to determine whether there is any effect of shift work on oral health and oral health-related quality of life (OHRQOL). In this cross-sectional study, a total of 612 (294 shift workers and 318 daytime workers) individuals who attended to School of Dentistry, Usak University, Usak, Turkey were evaluated between March 2019 and October 2019. Their decayed, missing, and filled teeth (DMFT) index and periodontal clinical parameters that include plaque index (PI), gingival index (GI), attachment loss (AL), and probing depth (PD) were recorded, and all participants were administered Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP-14) questionnaire. Data analysis was performed using the SPSS software and the statistical significance level was set at 0.05. The mean scores of periodontal clinical parameters, DMFT and OHIP-14 questionnaire, for groups were analyzed by using analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) test with adjustment for age, gender, education level, and monthly income. The mean DMFT score of daytime workers was statistically lower than that of shift workers (P < 0.05). The mean PI, GI, PD, and AL of shift workers were meaningfully higher than those of daytime workers (P < 0.05). There was no statistically difference between shift and daytime workers in terms of mean OHIP-14 score (P > 0.05). Although the clinical parameters related to oral health of the shift workers were statistically worse than daytime workers, the mean OHIP-14 score of the shift workers did not show a significant difference from daytime workers.

Epidermal growth factor (EGF) plays an important role in the wound healing process. The main purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of EGF on salivary gland oxidative events due to the incision wound created in the oral mucosa.

In the experiments, 42 New Zealand male rabbits weighing about 2.5 kg were used. Then submucosal incisions were created and subjects were divided into groups: control group (only the incision wound was not applied), untreated incisional group, and EGF therapy group. Subjects were anesthetized on days 1, 3, and 5 after injury and the tissues were removed immediately. Thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), the end product of lipid peroxidation, and glutathione (GSH) and ascorbic acid (AA) levels, which are important antioxidants, were measured by spectrophotometric methods in salivary glands. The results were compared with Mann-Whitney U and analysis of variance (ANOVA) tests.

The thiobarbituric acid (TBA) reagent levels of the EGF-treated group were found to be significantly reduced on the 1st, 3rd, and 5th days when compared with the data of other group. It was determined that there was a reduction in GSH data from day 1 to day 5 with a similar ratio in both untreated incisional group and EGF therapy group. No statistically significant difference was observed in the days examined within both untreated incisional group and EGF therapy group.

It was observed that processes including submandibular gland oxidative events and antioxidant responses during wound healing were affected by EGF.

2019 (COVID-19) in dental care is high. Are people aware of this? How much they believe in transmission of this disease through dental care? The current study investigates this issue for the first time.

In this cross-sectional study conducted in April 25, 2020, a checklist was prepared for Iranian society, and they were asked to state their viewpoint about dental care and coronavirus transmission. This checklist consists of three simple questions; these questions were provided through a news site via a link for a one week. The answers were statistically analyzed and reported in table and diagram.

The answers of the questions were received from 1183 individuals. Eight hundred and twelve individuals (69%) believed that risk of transmission of coronavirus was about 70%-100% in case of not adhering to protective protocols. Eight hundred and eighty-two (75%) participants responded that they would not go to any dental clinic if they had oro-dental problems.

Majority of the people are aware of risk of transmission of coronavirus during performing dental treatments; therefore, dentists and dentistry staff should not reopen their offices in the pandemic condition of COVID-19. In case of reopening, they should delay the elective procedures and reduce days and hours of work.

Solitary fibrous tumor (SFT) is a quite uncommon tumor that commonly occurs in the pleura but occasionally involves an oral cavity. We are reporting this rare case in the oral cavity. The diagnosis depends on microscopic and immunohistochemical features. Patients with these tumors can be carefully treated with local excision, but tumors with positive margins necessitate close follow-up over several years due to the possible late local recurrence.

A 60-year malepatient came in the maxillofacial department in Abbasi Shaheed Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan with swelling for the past 5 years which slowly increased in size with no history of pain. The excisional biopsy was performed under local anesthesia. Histopathological examination showed a well-circumscribed spindle cell tumor with alternating hypo and hypercellular areas with prominent collagenous stroma. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) investigation led to the positive expression of Cluster of Differentiation 34 (CD34) and Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription-6 (STAT-6) in the spindle cells, and negative expression of Anti-Smooth Muscle Antibody (ASMA). Recurrent or postoperative complications were not observed over some time.

SFT in the buccal mucosa of the cheek is a very sporadic condition. It needs to be identified with proper history and clinical examination.