نشریه علم و تمدن در اسلام
پیاپی 4 (پاییز 1398)

In the Holy Quran, the history of many tribes and nations is mentioned which based on the unchanging divine tradition can be used as a model and can be generalized to all periods and fields. Therefore, using descriptive-analytical method, the present article aims at answering the following question: what are the factors of the progress and decline of nations based on the verses of the Quran? By investigating the history of tribes and nations in the Quran, we conclude that factors like corruption, indulgence in luxury, debauchery, extravagance, arrogance, not believing in God, oppression, blindly following authorities and the like have been the causes of the decline of communities. Based on the law of the generalizability of divine traditions, in case of the existence of such factors, by the will of God, decline awaits other nations that commit corruption and the like, in contrast, performing the obligatory act of enjoining the good and forbidding the evil, believing in God and observing moderation in all affairs are the causes of the stability and progress of a society.

The collection of the speeches of Imam Khomeini (RA) is one of the great treasures of contemporary Islamic and revolutionary knowledge which is the comprehensive charter of the Islamic Revolution and in which the civilization-making and goal-oriented attitude of Imam Khomeini (RA) is regarded as a civilization-making social capital. The concept of a civilization-making social capital can be considered as a set of understandings which resut in the establishment of optimal relations and participation of the members of a society and prepares its capacity for accepting the great civilization. Therefore, after explaining the concept, dimensions, attitudes, theories and models of social capital and the great Islamic civilization from the viewpoint of scholars, the aim of the present article is designed based on the theoretical abstract conduct in the thought of Imam Khomeini (RA). In the present study, the most important factors of civilization-making social capital of the Islamic Revolution from the viewpoint of Imam Khomeini (RA) are investigated which include raising for the sake of God, believing in Imam Mahdi (Aj), public nature of the leadership of the revolution, reviving the thought of fighting against oppression and seeking justice in Islam, the legendary and amazing will and resistance of the great nation of Iran, believing in the unseen assistances and creating Islamic revolutionary systems.

Undoubtedly, the West has been a serious and fundamental issue for Shahid Mutahhari and nowadays there can hardly be found a field in the society which is not affected by the intellectual, philosophical tenets and the products of the culture and civilization of the West. The preset article seeks to investigate and identify the problems and failures of the West and presenting a solution to the western society to get out of this dilemma from the viewpoint of Shahid Mutahhari. The methodology of Shahid Mutahhari towards criticizing the western culture and civilization is a realistic and religious attitude to the descriptive-analytical method. The finding from the speeches and writings of Professor Mutahhari regarding western culture are explained in four categories including investigating the history of the modern West, the domination of spiritual crisis on the contemporary West, the outcomes of the sovereignty of western culture and civilization and the strategies of the confrontation of the Islamic community with the West. In the end, Professor Mutahhari concludes that although the West has had significant developments in the field of technology, it has not had any progress in the realm of humanity and high human values.

The contemporary history of the Islamic world faces various challenges and crises. One of the most important challenges and crises is divergence and dissociation which requires convergent theorizing, performance and behavior. Islamic thinker and elites have presented various and valuable answers and solutions to this problem. In the present article, the solution presented by Ayatollah Khamenei and Malik bin Nabi were investigated as civilizational convergence based on Spragens's conceptual model of crisis. Based on Spragens's four stage theory of crisis in which is stage is built upon the previous one, our current conditions does not have any direction towards convergence and our current crisis is a civilizational crisis which is the result of intellectual, cultural problems and the network of social relations and in order to reach the ideal picture i.e. the unified nation, we must move towards civilizational convergence which seems to be the solution of this problem and crisis.

One of the most important cultural and civilizational activities in the Shiite government of the Fatimids (297-567) was the establishment of a scientific center called "Dar al-Ilm" along other scientific and cultural centers. Analyzing the functional aspects of this scientific center can present a suitable model to the Muslims who are in the path of reaching the modern civilization. Analyzing this issue by using descriptive-analytical method shows that this scientific center which was established at the time of al-Hakim bi Amrillah (389-411) the sixth Fatimid caliph, had various functions. Teaching different sciences like jurisprudence, recitation, astronomy, grammar, mathematics and logics was among the duties of this scientific center. One of the most significant functions of Dar al-Ilm was its propagating aspect. Ismaili propounders who managed this scientific center, in line with the policy of Ismaili government of the Fatimids, planned the affairs of Ismaili invitation and propagation in this center. The existence of a huge library in this scientific center, in line with facilitating the affairs of teaching and propagation, has been very valuable.

The civilization-making Islamic jurisprudence is a comprehensive approach to all dimensions of jurisprudence which encompasses the set of Islamic injunctions in civilizational dimension. The civilization-making Islamic jurisprudence is not separated from governmental jurisprudence and system-making jurisprudence rather if we could choose another name for governmental jurisprudence, definitely civilizational jurisprudence and system-making jurisprudence would be the most appropriate ones. Civilizational jurisprudence is based on a set of principles among them the monotheistic nature, rationality and wisdom, comprehensiveness of Islam, Wilayah system, unified nation, religiousness and divine law can be mentioned. These principles are well manifested in the words of the wise leader of the Islamic Revolution. The present article aims at investigating the role of the civilization-making Islamic jurisprudence in creating the unity of the nation based on the intellectual system of the Supreme Leader through using descriptive-analytical method. The finding of this article is that the civilization-making Islamic jurisprudence in the intellectual system of the Supreme Leader is a civilizational jurisprudence which enjoys comprehensiveness and has the capacity to establish the modern Islamic civilization.