مجله پویش در آموزش علوم انسانی
پیاپی 4 (پاییز 1395)

Emotional separation is one of the damages that families face. If this happens, the couple lives together while their internal relationship is completely cut and feels apathetic about each other. The present study attempted to recognize the reasons of emotional separation, to discover the unconscious motivations and the kind of strategies that women choose to face it. The design of the study is qualitative and based on the strategies of the grand theory. The study sample was the married housewives that have lived at least for 5 years with their husbands. The researcher interviewed 15 women who had experienced the condition of emotional separation with as many replications as possible. The members of the study sample were recognized gradually through snowball sampling. The data were collected via unstructured interviews with the sample and were analyzed based on codification method. Three codification methods including open, basic and selective were used, and the paradigm model was drawn based on data analysis. The results of the study revealed that women use hierarchically three strategies while facing emotional separation: 1- corrective and reformist strategies 2- revengeful strategies 3- peaceful strategies. Moreover, the findings showed that emotional separation is affected by two types of motivations: 1-main motivation like taking care of common children and economic dependence of woman on her husband and fear of loneliness. 2- Unconscious motivation like the fear of being downgraded, the anxiety of being rejected by the family members, superstitions, and unpleasant label of separation in traditional culture.

Music is one of the important foundations of poems, which makes the poet’s words so pleasant. The relationship between poem and music is so undeniable that all men of culture, literature and music believe in it. Due to this fact, poets and researchers count on music as one of the important elements of poetry and the most prominent factor in separating poetry from prose. However, the application of conflicting music with its content, has given a special characteristic to Akhavan’s poetry because M. Omid has not survived the political, social and economic factors of interregnum period after 1332 coup d’e’tat. The effect of these elements on music and other poetic elements of Akhavan, immerses his poetry in a nostalgic and existentialistic atmosphere. Although the form of Akhavan’s poetry is Nimayi, he has improved Nimayi poetic rhythms. Prosodic rhythms, applied in Akhavan’s poems, whether with difference in the sentence order or alternation in it, create a pleasant poem. Paradox caused by companion of rhyme music and spiritual music, will highlight the despair in sociopolitical life of the poet. The usage of musical capacities of Persian language, combination, syntagmatic and paradigmatic features of words, the repetition of consonants and vowels along with Nimayi prosodic rhythms and benefiting from the musical influence of internal , side and external ending rhyme cause a paradox between the text and content.

Among the duties and important responsibilities of parents, one is the proper education of children. Islam has accentuated this responsibility and believes that the child’s future character is indebted to parents’ training, education and care. Therefore, it has offered specific commands, regulations and comprehensive educational programs for all the moments of life and different ages. What had been investigated in this present study based on a library research was to present the hints of educational principles in different periods of growth from birth to seven in the family based on Quran verses and hadiths. Based on the results, the parents can do their major duty best in education after being familiar with these principles and methods and by using them. Education in the real sense of the word is to choose the best method in specific situations and conditions. In many cases, the educational purposes are completely clear and parents are somewhat familiar with characteristics of children of different ages and more or less sensitive to their needs, but that under various circumstances, times and ages and how children should be treated according to their needs, education is the most crucial duty of parents.

Although some scholars limit the Europeans’ and Westerners’ view to Islam to the ancient incorrect perception of Islam and ISIS performance, Salafi, Takfiri groups and the media, but it seems, beside these factors, poor quality and low quantity, processing the issue of Islam in the school curriculum and textbooks of European countries has been of great importance in the formation of this perception of Islam. Therefore, this study seeks to answer the question that what quantitative and qualitative image of Islam is presented in German school texts and geography curriculum. The results of this study showed that in the curriculum and geography textbooks, the geography of Islam generally has been limited to areas adjacent to Europe and the Middle East and Islam has been mentioned more as an environmental constructive force that is unique to the East. In addition, issues related to Islam have been limited to the economic and environmental aspects and have been presented as a very systematic and formulated form. Providing such information and spreading the concepts of a divine religion, which can be the solution for all aspects, facets and angles of human life and can be very effective, has led to a formation of a dumb image, vague and incorrect, incomplete, and incomprehensive understanding of Islam and Muslims.

From Allameh Tabatabayi’s point of view, the most important criterion in Al-Mizan interpretation to explore the meaning of concepts of the Quran is the attention and respect to the rule of context. The method of Al-Mizan is widespread in context, so that Allameh in Al-Mizan utilized this rule over 2049 times in a variety of fields including checking and correct detection of readings, Maki or Madani detection, abrogating and abrogated, setting the speaker and the audience of verses, specifying the accuracy and falsity of hadiths, discovering the relationship among the verses with each other, criticizing and investigating the ideas of other commentators. One of the most important functions of context in AlMizan is Allameh’s use of this rule in specifying the different meanings of the Quran lexicon in the texture and structure of the different verses. The author’s point of view in discovering the meanings of the Quran verses in this case is that if the words are considered in isolation, they have a meaning, but if a word is used in a sentence, based on the context and the relation of that word with words before and after it, it will take numerous meanings, called relative meaning. Throughout Al-Mizan by invoking the context, Allameh discovered and expressed different meanings (relative meanings) of concepts of Quran in the verses. Sometimes, a word in a certain context takes dozens of different meanings in such a way that there may be no connections and analogies to be made among those different meanings.

Education was always considered by the thinkers from the past and different centuries and eras and some logical decisions and effective steps have been made for its progress and exaltation. The revolution in the fields of science and technology, has offered the world the necessity of revolution in the process of educational activities and approaches to education. Looking to the UNICCO motto for the world's education in 21st century that considers 4 column for learning: learning to know, learning to use, learning to live, and learning to live together is also pointing this note out. Education is completely different from the past. Nowadays, educational systems should train individuals to be powerful in understanding the complicated world, creative and innovative in managing and its leadership and behave logically. Training the mindful and creative human requires its own specific way. The frameworks based on mere knowledge, cannot provide such condition and context at all. So one of the most essential revolutions in educational systems is revolution in attitude and respecting the principles based on Islamic values and innate features of the contacts. The main goal of this article is to recognize and introduce the educational methods which Islam recommends. The research method of this article is descriptive and studying the library documents and evidences and its results, lead to 4 important educational method which are considered by Islam: pattern, notification, advice .and glorification