Agricultural Marketing and Commercialization Journal
Volume:3 Issue: 2, Winter and Spring 2019

The purpose of the present study was to design a model and determine attitudinal factors related to e-commerce purchase intention in Shahrvand online store. The present study is a descriptive-survey research in terms of method and in terms of purpose. The statistical population of the study is all the customers of Citizen Chain Store in 1397 which the total number of statistical population is unlimited. In this study, for estimating sample size, Cochran formula sampling method was used. According to Cochran's formula, 277 people were selected as sample. SPSS 24 and pls3 software were used for data analysis. The results showed that: All hypotheses are confirmed.

The main purpose of this study is to investigate the impact of economic variables on agricultural exports in emerging economies of the BRICs and Iran during the period 2009 to 2018. Therefore, in the first step, after presenting theoretical studies and research background, the econometric model of research is introduced. Accordingly, we consider the real agricultural export variable as a function of real exchange rate, inflation rate, as well as the ratio of total export to real GDP, and estimate by fixed effects method. The estimation results show that the variables of real exchange rate and net export to GDP ratio have a positive and significant effect on the real export rate of agricultural sector. On the other hand, in this study, the negative and significant effect of inflation rate on the amount of real agricultural export was also found. At the end, research suggestions and suggestions for future studies are provided.

Increasing demand for energy and its consumption and environmental changes that were the product of the Industrial Revolution, especially in the second half of the 19th century, created an energy challenge for all countries, as the fossil fuel consumption has been accelerated around the world. The objective of the present paper is to present an appropriate solution for the current trend of the energy crisis, considering its status and based on a review of energy production and consumption statistics and the conditions in the world and the consequences of its consumption. According to valid statistics in the world, the architecture and urban development sector accounts for about 40% of the world''s energy consumption and it has a high share in the production of greenhouse gas. The results of the paper suggest that the use of commercial green walls reduces energy consumption in buildings and it is an effective step in the development of agricultural products as a new technology and a green revolution in production of agricultural crops in the building industry, which plays a key role in reducing environmental pollution, especially in industrial cities.

The aim of this study is to analyze the content of citizenship teaching books based on a citizenship education approach from the perspective of cultural and artistic experts. In this study, the survey method has been used. The population of this study consists of all experts in the city of Tehran municipality in which the organization is serving in different cultural sectors and the number is 150. The numbers of about 110 people were examined by calculating the formula of the cornbach correlation. The validity of the research tool was confirmed by pundits and the reliability of the tool was reported by Cronbach’s alpha. The research findings indicate that according to test of T (6.656) the status of the cooperative citizen is positive and meaningful at the 0.01 level. In other words, the participation of the cooperative citizen in the books of the cultural arts training center of Tehran municipality is in good condition and is significantly higher than the mean. According to the test of T statistic (1.02), the state of the law of orbit law is positive and meaningful.

Since identifying the competencies of human resources development to improve efficiency and quality of health services seems to be necessary, using a systematic and orderly human resources development system can help the health system to cope with the challenges. Thus, the objective of this paper is to investigate the status of dimensions and indicators of human resources development in Fars Health Insurance Organization. This research is applied in terms of objective, descriptive in terms of nature and survey in terms of method. The statistical population of the study consisted of senior, basic, and middle managers of Fars health Insurance organization (n=250). A researcher-made questionnaire including 40 questions was designed to collect data. The face and content validities of the questionnaire were modified and confirmed by experts. Cronbach's alpha coefficient of the variables was estimated at higher than 0.7, so its reliability was confirmed. A univariate t-test was used to analyze the data in SPSS software. According to the obtained mean that was higher than the baseline mean (3) and the significance level that was less than (0.05), the status of dimensions and indicators of resource development in Fars Health Insurance Organization is desirable. The obtained mean is not high enough to indicate that the dimensions and indicators of resource development are being implemented well in Fars Health Insurance Organization.

The present research is conducted with the aim of reviewing the mediating role of demographic characteristics on the relation of investors’ special characteristics with behavioral biases of investors in the supply chain of companies listed in agricultural products hall in Iran mercantile exchange company. The present research is from the descriptive-survey type and its statistical population includes Iran agricultural mercantile exchange with about 384 people in total. The present research is conducted as a random sampling method. In this research, in order to measure content validity, opinions of advisors and supervisors have been used. Cronbach’s alpha test showed that the reliability of all variables is in the acceptable domain. In order to gather the required data to test the research hypotheses, the questionnaire is used. For descriptive analysis of data, tables, diagrams, and distribution index and for descriptive analysis of statistics, mean-median-frequency, mean of research variables and Kolmogorov-Smirnov test and hypotheses test in SPSS20 software package has been conducted. Generally, research findings indicated that there is a significant relationship between investors’ special characteristics with behavioral biases of investors among companies listed in knowledge-based agricultural products hall. Also, results indicated that financial knowledge has the highest correlation coefficient in the estimated empirical structural model.

In the era of the global economy, many markets have increasingly turned into international and competitive markets. Technological advances in logistics and distribution enable almost every business to buy, sell, and collaborate globally; and even smaller and local businesses are also forced to be present in the global arena in order to survive in this new and challenging business environment. The present study aimed to identify the factors affecting the e-commerce boom in small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in the world trade environment. The statistical population of the study consists of companies and specialists active in e-commerce which are 100 ones. The present study is applied in terms of purpose and is descriptive in terms of nature. A researcher-made questionnaire was used for data collection. The validity of the questionnaire questions was confirmed by experts in the field. Cronbach’s alpha technique was used to determine the reliability of the questionnaire which was confirmed with a coefficient of 0.82. Exploratory factor analysis and Friedman tests were used to analyze the data. The study results showed that all the 25 factors affecting e-commerce can be classified into 8 groups, and Friedman test showed their order which includes effective economic, cultural, educational, personal, political, and infrastructural, security, and marketing factors, respectively. Therefore, it should be noted that factors such as costs of using the Internet, the growth rate of people’s access to computers, software and hardware systems, economic factors associated with the existence of e-commerce insurance, and unfamiliarity with economic benefits such as cost savings due to using e-commerce are the main factors affecting the development of commerce

The purpose of this study was to investigate the entrepreneurial university model in the Islamic Azad universities, Sistan and Baluchestan province. The statistical population of the expert group of entrepreneurs included entrepreneurship faculty and top entrepreneurs, managers, experts, and faculty members at the Islamic Azad University of Sistan and Baluchestan Province. The sampling was done by a stratified random sampling method, and 558 questionnaires were gathered. The questionnaires were prepared by the experts on the basis of approved indicators via the Delphi questionnaire after confirming a model for promoting the development level of the universities of the province. Data were analyzed using SPSS and AMOS software. The results showed that there was a significant difference between the components of the entrepreneurial university and the Islamic Azad University in the presented model (p <0.05). It seems that for the development of university entrepreneurship in the Islamic Azad universities in Sistan and Baluchestan, several institutional infrastructure reforms and institutional innovations need to be considered by all university members to promote entrepreneurial organizational culture.

According to key role of good governance in determining society health and also according to the necessity of various institutions' taking part of civil society in public affairs governing, this study aimed to explain the challenges of good governance. the  present  study  was  carried out  based  on  qualitative and content analysis method and  then  purposive sampling was done  and  continued  as far as  complete data collection. 21 teachers from healthcare department of Medical Sciences University of Kerman contribute in the study. Data was gathered through semi-structured interviews. Every single interview was review for several times for recognizing semantic units and after that encoding was done. Categorizing and summarizing codes also was done based on similarities. Data analysis was carried out contrastively and continuously at the same time with data gathering. In the present study four main themes were extracted based on experience and dimensions perceived by participants that include: "political challenge, economic challenges, cultural challenges and legal challenges". The political challenges divide into two category of "political instability and government's unresponsiveness toward public". Moreover the economic challenge contains two subcategory "considering people's livelihood situation and economic stability". Also cultural challenges contain two subcategory of "improving health culture as well as improving health standards". The final challenge of legal challenges includes two subcategory of "effectiveness of rules plus controlling and fighting against corruptions". The participants in the study emphasized on that proper planning that stems from governance's proper governance, can facilitate social health as well as positive interactions between various institutions of society.

The ethical climate is important for organizations and it impacts the ethical behavior of employees. Non-compliance with some ethical standards by employees has caused a lot of worries in governmental and non-governmental sectors. Considering the importance of the topic, the goal of this paper is to examine the relationship between work ethic patterns and organizational ethical values. Considering the purpose, the present study is applied, regarding nature, it is descriptive, and in terms of method, it is of survey type. The statistical population includes 1) Managers and experts in the field of ethics (organizational ethics), that were used to identify the desired components.11 people were considered through the non-probability sampling method. 2) 727 of managers and employees of the Tax administration of Kerman Province, were used in the pattern testing process. They were selected by stratified sampling method. A questionnaire (identified from theoretical foundations and interviews) was used to collect the required data. The questionnaire of the organization's ethical values ​​ included 17 questions, and four components of organizational justice, organizational commitment, organizational ethics culture, and social responsibility of the organization. The questionnaire related to organizational ethics patterns included 9 questions and three components of professional ethics, social ethics, and individual ethics. The content validity of the questions was confirmed by experts. Cronbach's alpha coefficient of research variables was also estimated to be higher than 0.7, indicating the internal coordination of the items and confirming the reliability. Data analysis was performed using the structural equation modeling method using Imus software. The results revealed that at the level of significance less than 0.05, the relationship between social ethics (0.61), professional ethics (0.32), individual ethics (0.76), and organizational ethical values ​​in the tax affairs administration was positive and significant.

Performance budgeting refers to public sector funding mechanisms which use performance information to link funding to results – outputs and/or outcomes – with the aim of improving performance. The purpose of this paper is to examine the role of medium-term expenditure frameworks and executive budget’s flexibility in implementation of performance budgeting. A questionnaire was used to infer the research hypotheses. This questionnaire was distributed among 70 financial and budget staff in the Isfahan municipality in 1398. To test the hypotheses, information are analyzed by the structural equation modeling. Findings show that there is a positive and significant relationship between the medium-term expenditure frameworks and performance budget and also between the budget flexibility and performance budget.

Entrepreneurship development has become one of the most important and fundamental strategies in most developed and developing countries. Studies suggest that organizational, economic, cultural, and political factors play a major role in increasing entrepreneurship in countries. The aim of this paper is to analyze the policies of the resistance economy with an entrepreneurial approach. In this regard, the strategy of entrepreneurship and its economic outcomes and consequences were examined first using the library method. Then, the models of resistance economy, resistance economy strategy model based on FDREM model, Adel Peyghami’s Model, resistance economy models at community, P.E.O.P.L.E.S model as an independent model of socio-economic resistance, the conceptual model of resistance economy at community, and conceptual model of resistance economy with an emphasis on organizational agility were analyzed.  Studies show that resistance economy is a discourse that seeks to strengthen, de-crisis, and repair existing worn-out and inefficient economic structures and institutions, which public belief and participation and application of rational and prudent management practices are certainly precondition and requirement for this purpose. In other words, a resistance economy involves reducing dependence and insisting on the benefits of domestic production and striving for self-reliance. Entrepreneurship means creativity in work and creating new economic and productive opportunities and creating new value by risk-taking in financial resources. It is one of the factors of economic boom.