نشریه علوم درمانگاهی دامپزشکی ایران
سال چهاردهم شماره 1 (پیاپی 23، بهار و تابستان 1399)

Uterine beta defensin plays an important role in innate immunity of dairy cows’ in order to clear the infection and resolve the inflammation and helps for a normal uterine involution after calving. This study was conducted to investigate the effect of different beta defensin genotypes on acute phase proteins and leukogram alterations before and after treatment in dairy cows suffering endometritis, in order to identify the best genotype. Fifty one Iranian dairy Holstein cows with clinical endometritis were chosen at cleaning test time (30-40 days after parturition). Cows were taken usual herd treatment and examined again two weeks after. Blood samples including whole blood (containing anticoagulant) and blood without anticoagulant (in order to separate serum) were taken from cows with clinical endometritis at both times (n=102). Hematological tests and genotyping with RFLP PCR (on the basis of beta defensin gene) were done. Based on a SNP (C/T) at position 2239, three different genotype patterns CC, CT and TT were observed. Alterations of serum amyloid A (SAA) concentrations before and after treatment were significantly different between cows with and without Allele T (P = 0.04). Cows with Allele T significantly showed increased SAA concentrations compare to cows without Allele T. Other factors showed no significant differences between different genotypes.

Since the the natural delivery mechanism is related to the immunologic process, it is possible that level of different Inflammatory factors involved in immune responses (IL-6 as Pro-Inflammatory Cytokine) may change in the near-parturition time (before and after parturition). The aim of this study is evulation of IL-6 level change in the ewe, one week before until one week after Parturition. For this purpose a total 4 pregnant ewes in the second term of their conception, are selected. Preservation and feeding was same for all of them. Blood sampling were taken from Jugular vein by means of nonobjective and vacuum pipe (5-7cc each 24h, one week before parturition until one week after it). The blood samples for serum separation, were transferred to laboratory and after serum separation, for prevention of otolysis and destruction of immune chains were put in -70ċ. IL-6 was measured useing of specific kit and by Elisa test (Enzyme-linked immunodeficient assay). Results were showed that in the different days before and after parturition the level of IL-6 has slightly changed that is insignificant (P = 0.7625). In total result showed that serum level of IL-6 in different times of parturition doesn’t affect.

Hypoderma bovis (Diptera: Oestridae) is an important parasite in cattle that is pathogenic and cause serious economic losses and reduce livestock products, including milk, meat and hide quality.In this study, samples from slaughtered cattle were collected from three climate of Iran. Extraction of DNA and PCR test was performed on the samples, then the purified PCR product was sequenced. Sequence response was reviewed and corrected. Finally, the distribution of this species was investigated according to morphological characteristics in three climate zones of Iran. The CO1 gene of third stage larvae of H. bovis was investigated in the collected larvae. Data showed interspecies correlation. Based on morphological observations, from total of 416 third stage larvae obtained from slaughtered cattle in three regions, 268 (64.4%) were H. bovis. Based on phylogenetic analysis of the present isolates, these isolates are located in a cluster with a number of Hypoderma species of studied in other countries, while some other species are isolated in the other cluster. The COl region seems to be very variable among the miyasis caused flies. The findings also suggest that CO1 gene can be used as an appropriate molecular marker for identification and diagnosis of Hypoderma species.

Spermatozoa recovered from the cauda epididymis of dead or slaughtered animals have many potential applications in the conservation of endangered species and breeds and also in the preserving the genetic potential of valuable males that un-intentionaly culed from herds. In these cases, the animal’s testes are usually isolated from the carcase and sent to the centers capable of recovering and freezing epididymal spermatozoa. Considering the effect of post-mortem time length on the quality of recovered spermatozoa in different sheep breds and other species, this study was aimed to evaluate the influence of storing isolated epididymes of Lori-Bakhtiary rams for 24 and 48 h post-slaughter at 5 ˚C on the motility and freezablity of spermatozoa recovered at these timepoints in comparison to these parameters at 2 h post-slaughter. Before freezing, the rates of total and progresive motility at the time of 2 h were significantly higher than those of 48 h (P<0.05). Other kinemetic parameters, except for STR, were significantly different between groups (P<0.05). After thawing, the progressive motility and velocity parameters of 2 h group were significantly higher than 48 h group (P<0.05). In conclusion, the quality and freezability of ovine epididymal spermatozoa recovered from epididymes stored in refrigarator for 48 h had considerably decreased.

Summary Brucellosis is the most important and the most common zoonotic diseases all throughout the world. Brucellosis control in animals results in a significant reduction in human disease. The Purpose of this study was epidemiological surveillance of livestock brucellosis in borujen city during 2010-2016. Data of performed screening and supplementary tests and livestock vaccination by year and livestock type (cattle, sheep and goats) were obtained from the animal disease control department of Veterinary office of Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari province. Data were analyzed by SPSS software version 16 with descriptive statistics. 25226 cases of cows, 35000 cases of sheep and 1300 cases of goats were detected for brucellosis, which 161 (0.64%), 2 (0.006%) and 2 (0.15%) of the samples were infected respectively during 2010 to 2016. The highest amount of brucellosis contamination in livestock population of Borujen city was in 2013 with 55 cases of cows. Over the 7 years, 14033 cases of cows (93.08%), 8362 cases of calves (75.02%), 388659 cases of sheep and goats (87.22%) and 306500 cases of lambs and kids (88.4%) were vaccinated. In livestock vaccination against brucellosis, the highest vaccination rate (96.6%) was observed in cattle and the lowest (14.5%) was in calves in 2013. According to the results of the study and the reduction rate of brucellosis in cattle, sheep and goats’ population during the years 2010-2016, and the increasing trend of vaccination of animals against brucellosis, the vaccination program could be more focused to controlling the disease.

The present study was conducted to evaluate the effects of copper, sulfur, iron, molybdenum and zinc of soil and pastoral forages on copper and zinc serum levels of sheep in Masjedsolaiman, southwestern Iran. 4 soil and forage samples and 60 blood samples were taken from sheep in 4 under regarded areas of Masjedsolaiman. The samples were sent to the institute of radiation at Atomic Energy Organization of Iran for the elements measurement. After alkaline digesting, the soil samples were read by ICP-OES apparatuses. After acidic digesting, the forage samples were read by ICP-MS apparatuses. Serum levels of copper and zinc were also measured by atomic absorption spectroscopy. Comparing the averages mentioned elements of soil with international standard and similar previous researches showed that the soil elements were in normal ranges. Comparing the mean values of forage elements with their critical levels and other studies showed that iron was higher than international standard and critical level, while the mean values for sulfur, copper, molybdenum and zinc were in normal ranges. The results revealed, although copper forage content was in the lowest normal value (6.2 ± 1.5 mg/kg), because of normal sulfur and molybdenum amounts in soil and forage, there was not copper deficiency in zonal sheep. Comparing to normal values, due to high content of soil and pasture iron and decrease in zinc bioavailability, serum zinc concentration of sheep under this investigation was mostly in a borderline deficiency status.

Staphylococcus aureus is one of the most important agents of mastitis in dairy cows. Mastitis poses many economic losses to animal husbandry particularly cattle industry. With regards to increasing rates of resistance of this bacterium to numerous antibiotics, efforts have been made to tackle staphylococcosis worldwide. The presence of mecA gene in Staphylococcus can result in methicillinresistant by decreasing affinity in binding of b-lactam antibacterial group in this bacterium. This study was aimed to evaluate the incidence of mecA gene as well as antibacterial resistance pattern in S. aurues strains isolated from industrial dairy cows suspected to mastitis in Ilam province. In this study, 208 specimens were collected from 7 industrial dairy farms in 2017, in which 42 (20.54%) bacteria identified as S. aureus by standard biochemical tests. Consequently, PCR of femA gene confirmed the results of phenotypic methods for 38 (91.56%) isolates. Of 38 S. aureus isolates, 22 (52.38%) had mecA genes. For evaluating antibiotic resistance and detecting of mecA gene the disc diffusion and PCR tests were performed, respectively. The highest resistance to antibiotics was penicillin (100%) and the lowest resistance was chloramphenicol (1.20%) (P<0.05). To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to report the presence of mecA gene in this province. The results indicate that the prevalence of MRSA is too high in milk samples and this can be a health hazard to livestock. Therefore further studies on the typing of these isolates and conducting a comparative study with the isolates from hospitals are necessary.

The development of an ovine in vitro embryo production system where individual embryos could be followed through to the blastocyst stage would be of interest to several fields of study and would allow us to characterize developmentally competent embryos through non-invasive analysis of the metabolite constituents of their corresponding culture media. The present study was designed to establish an individual ovine embryo culture system, with embryo development rates similar to that observed under grouped culture conditions. After IVM and IVF, presumptive zygotes were cultured in groups or individually, either in 20 and 10 microliter drops. Cleavage and blastocyst rates at days 3, 6 and 7 were evaluated. Moreover, the effect of 5 or 10 percent fetal calf serum added to individual culture at day 3, were evaluated. No refreshing was made. Cleavage rate, total blastocyst, early, expanded and hatched blastocyst were similar for all treatments at day 6. Total blastocyst rates at day 7 was lower in group culture than that of individually cultured and in another experiment, total blastocyst and early blastocyst rate was different at day 7 post-cultured. The results of this study show clearly that a large proportion of ovine zygotes can develop to the blastocyst stage when cultured individually, adding 10 percent fetal calf serum at day 3 and without refreshing.

Ghrelin has recently emerged as pleiotropic regulator of a wide array of endocrine and non-endocrine functions. The former likely includes the control of gonadal function, as expression of ghrelin and its putative receptor, the GH secretagogue receptor type 1a (GHS-R1a), has been described in mammalian gonads, and direct effects of ghrelin in the control of testicular secretion and cell proliferation have been reported. Yet, the expression and/or functional role of ghrelin in gonads from non-mammalian species remain to be analyzed. This study investigated the immunohistochemical localization of ghrelin in testicular tissues of rooster, using mouse monoclonal anti ghrelin antibody as primary antibody and donkey anti rabbit IgG (HRP) Polyclonal antibody as secondary antibody. Samples of testis collected from five rooster (45 day olds) and for IHC test were kept in 10% Formalin. Then paraffin blocks and histological section for IHC test were prepared.Evaluation of the pattern of cellular expression of ghrelin protein in rooster testis using immunohistochemistry demonstrated that ghrelin peptide was located in the interstitial leydig, sertoli cells and germ cells. Thus, strong ghrelin immunostaining was observed in leydig cells, sertoli cells and germ cells of testicular tissue. No ghrelin signal was detected in control sections. In addition, the sheep testicular tissue was used as positive control Immunoreactions was observed in germ cells, Leydig and Sertoli cells. It is believed that site of ghrelin expression in germ cells, Leydig and Sertoli cells may indicate its role in local regulations. Results of this research are agree with our previous study on Holstein bull, researches on goat and sheep (unpublished data) and some other studies conducted on sheep, cattle and mouse. This is one of the first studies to provide molecular evidence for the presence of ghrelin within the entire testicular tissues of rooster.

Ninty nine broiler chicks from Ross 308 strain at 21 days of age were randomly divided into three treatments and each treatment was divided into trireplicates and each replicate containing 11 chicks. The chicks were recieved water and three different diets with the same energy and protein levels free up to 42 days of age. Feed intake, weight, feed conversion ratio and mortality were calculated at the end of each week. At the end of the study, blood samples were collected and the different parts of the carcasses were separated and weighted. Experimental group 1 (Corn and barley-based diets (barley level 22%) and soybean meal, β-glucanase 2,600 IU/g, β-beta glucanase 1800 IU/g and cellulase 500 IU/g) had the highest production cost. There were statistically significant differences between experimental groups respected to proventriculus (P=0.002), abdominal fat (P=0.031), liver, gizzard and intestine ratio to alive weigh and average percent of carcass, breast and the thighs (P<0.0001). The highest carcass percent was observed in experimental group 2 (Receiver of corn, barley, β-xylanase 2200 U/g, β-glucanase 200 IU/g, cellulase 100 IU/g and pectinase 100 IU/g). The different groups showed no statistically significant differences in term of total protein and uric acid (P>0.05). However, the groups 1 showed statistically significant differences decreases for glucose and albumin in comparision to other groups (P<0.05). The findings of this study showed that the group that received lower levels of β-xylanase, β-glucanase and cellulase, with adding of pectinase, had better performance and lower production cost, which indicates a decrease in the effect of anti-nutritional factors on the recipients of this enzymatic complex.

Drug interactions may affect on pharmacokinetic parameters of anesthetic agents. The purpose of this research was to investigate the effect of phenylbutazone on various pharmacokinetic parameters of Sodium thiopental in male dogs. Twelve male dogs were randomly divided into two (control and experimental) groups. Animal health was confirmed by clinical examination prior to testing. Equivalent doses of thiopental sodium (17 mg/kg) were intravenously administered following the injection of 0.9% normal saline (0.1 ml/kg) in control group and phenylbutazone 20% (20 mg/kg) via the same route in experimental group. After anesthesia, blood samples were collected at various time intervals and their sera were separated by centrifugation and were assayed for thiopental concentration using HPLC method. Elimination rate constant (kel), half-life (t1/2), volume of distribution (Vd) and clearance (Cl) of thiopental were determined non-compartmental analysis of the concentration-time curves. Results show a significant difference in thiopental pharmacokinetic parameters. The elimination rate constant and clearance in the experimental group were found to be less than those in the control group, but the half-life and Vd of thiopental were more than in the experimental group compared to those in the control group. This is probably as a result of displacement from binding sites by phenylbutazone which can lead to changes in pharmacokinetic parameters and duration action of thiopental .

A 5-year-old Turkish-Arabs Mare was presented with left hind limb severe lameness. The vital signs were normal and there was no specific Underlying disease. Radiological assessments showed an oblique and closed fracture of the second and fourth metatarsal bones (splint). The patient was placed under general anesthesia and the limb was put in the cast. Recovery from an uncomplicated anesthetic was performed. After 8 weeks The patient had incomplete Weighing with moderate lameness. For another 8 weeks’ recommendation was made on physiotherapy. After 16 weeks of fracture, complete weighing and mild lameness were observed. Fixation of the limb with cast, recommended in this type of fracture in field condition.A 5-year-old Turkish-Arabs Mare was presented with left hind limb severe lameness. The vital signs were normal and there was no specific Underlying disease. Radiological assessments showed an oblique and closed fracture of the second and fourth metatarsal bones (splint). The patient was placed under general anesthesia and the limb was put in the cast. Recovery from an uncomplicated anesthetic was performed. After 8 weeks The patient had incomplete Weighing with moderate lameness. For another 8 weeks’ recommendation was made on physiotherapy. After 16 weeks of fracture, complete weighing and mild lameness were observed. Fixation of the limb with cast, recommended in this type of fracture in field condition.