N-Acetylcysteine (NAC), an acetylated form of the amino acid cysteine and precursor of reducedglutathione, plays important roles in a multitude of cellular processes, such as oxidative damage and detoxifica-tion of many electrophiles. Considering the pathophysiology of oxidative stress induced infertility in varicocele,we aimed to investigate the effect of NAC on semen analysis parameters (light microscopy), chromatin struc-ture (aniline blue and acridine orange staining), and lipid peroxidation (BODIPY probe) in varicocelized rats.

In this experimental study, varicocelizing surgery was carried out on 30 Wistar rats. Ten of them weresacrificed after two months (one round spermatogenesis), together with control rats (n=10) and sham operatedrats (n=10), to verify the varicocele model. Out of the remaining twenty varicocelized rats, ten received NACwhile ten were treated with water (control group) for two months.

All the investigational parameters(sperm parameters, chromatin integrity, and lipid peroxidation) severely worsened 2 and 4 months after surgicalvaricocele. The administration of NAC for two months significantly improved all the investigational parametersas compared to control rats at four months (p<0.05).

The supplementation of varicocelized ratswith NAC was effective in antagonizing the damage as well as in preserving testicular structure and spermato-genetic function. These effects are likely to occur also in clinical varicocele.

One of the key aspects of mental health is one’s overall health and lifestyle. Longitudinal studieshave shown that dissatisfaction with life causes long-term health damage and increases mortality, suicide ten-dency, unintentional injuries, disability at work, and diseases such as those of cardiovascular nature. Amongstall forms of satisfaction, that of marital is of utmost importance. On a separate note, inhalation of cigarettesmoke exposes passive smokers to many chemical and toxic carcinogens, and it can negatively affect the non-smokers present. Furthermore, in psychiatric counseling sessions, many women report that they hate smoking.If we can show that inhaling cigarette smoke in men can have an impact on marital satisfaction, it can increasethe consistency of family foundations and have positive effects on the health and spirit of family members byinforming families.

In this study, 200 housewives, who had smoking husbands that smoked at home,were subjected to pre-determined conditions, alongside 200 housewives who had non-smoking husbands andwere therefore not exposed to smoking by their husbands at home. They were divided into two groups and wereassessed by Marital Conflict Questionnaire (MCQ). For a closer look at the level of marital satisfaction, the ques-tionnaire results were divided into three subgroups which were marked as low, moderate, and good.

After calculating the total score of the questionnaire and statistical analysis, the results showed a higher rate ofmarital satisfaction in women who had non-smoking husbands compared to those who had smoking husbandsand this difference was considered significant at P-value <0.001.

Inhaling cigarette smoke in menin the family environment may seem to make a good impression on the smokers, but as the results of our studysuggest, it also has adverse effects on marital satisfaction.

Prostate Cancer is recognized as the second cause of death due to cancers among men worldwide.Due to the lack of local evidence on the survival rate of patients with prostate cancer, this study aimed to esti-mate the 5-year survival rate of patients afflicted with this condition in Iran.

This studymade use of information on 9,772 prostate cancer cases who were registered in the National Cancer Registryduring 2010-15. A telephone survey, with a response rate of 35%, was conducted to gather additional informa-tion such as death status, demographic characteristics, and clinical profile. Kaplan-Meier estimates was used toestimate five-year survival rates.

The overall five-year survival rate of prostate cancer was 82% (95% CI:80-83%). Significantly higher five-year survival rates were observed among retired patients (rate: 94%,95%CI:92-96), patients receiving a combination of radiotherapy and surgery (rate: 92%,95%CI: 89-94), and patients re-siding in rural areas (rate: 92%, 95%CI: 90-93).

We found that various factors such as occupation,area of residence, and the type of medication, may influence on survival rate of prostate cancer. Careful evalua-tion and understanding of effective factors are required to adopt proper health policies and treatment options.Due to the importance of etiologic and epidemiological data, inclusion of such data into the national registrysystem for Prostate Cancer is strongly recommended

One of the changes in the movement patterns that can be seen in upper limb swing is the excessiveincrease in upper limb movement and swing during walking. As temporal parameters such as cadence andspeed in stationary and mobile environments can be equally used to determine early fall potentials, Therefore,this study aims to investigate the effect of excessive arm swing on speed and cadence of walking.

30healthy subjects were exposed to Vicon 10 motion capture system analysis and were asked to first walk normallyat normal speeds and then move their hands excessively while walking at the same speed. The temporal datawere extracted and analyzed by Matlab software. Descriptive (mean, SD) and Shapiro-Wilk test for normality ofdata distribution, and paired sample t-test were used to compare the patterns.

there was a significantdifference in cadence and speed variables, between the means of natural arm swing and excessive arm swingmodes (p≤0.05).

Given these results, it should be considered that the effects of upper limb patternchanges on the lower limbs and gait can compensate for the lack of attention to movement and pattern of upperextremity positioning during walking.

It is very important to prevent Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STIs) as they cause many otherhealth problems with serious complications. In fact, prevention is the most effective mean of dealing with STIs.In saying that, the basic requirements of prevention include appropriate health education on the subject. Thisstudy compares the effectiveness of two health education programs regarding bacterial STIs among male stu-dents at Nursing and Medical Schools of Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences and Health Services inTehran.

The quasi-experimental study included 430 male students aged between 18 and 30 who weremajoring in nursing and medical field. Two faculties were selected through purposeful non-random sampling.A valid and reliable researcher-made questionnaire was filled out in two steps (before and one month after thetraining). The training interventions in direct education group included a lecture along with a session of ques-tions and answers (Q&As) for one and a half hours. On the other hand, the indirect education only included aweblog on the topic of STIs. The statistical tests were employed to analyze the collected data in SPSS 22.

Generally, students’ knowledge and attitudes toward this subject were at a moderate level before the interven-tion, and only %18.4 of them were well-aware of bacterial STIs. In fact, %44 of the respondents had positiveattitudes toward those diseases. The research results indicated that the educational intervention managed to in-crease the awareness and attitudes of the students in relation to STIs in the two case groups in comparison withthe control group. However, the different methods of education produced similar results and had no significantdifferences. Moreover, attitudes increased in the weblog group slightly more than the lecture group.

According to the findings of this research, The weblog intervention had more effects on their attitudes than thelecture intervention. Therefore, the modern training method based on the use of the internet (weblog) can beused effectively as an alternative or supplement to traditional training methods.

The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the prevalence and the risk factors of urinary inconti-nence following radical prostatectomy in Iranian population. This study is conducted based on the availabledata from the National Cancer Registry.

In this retrospective study, we extracted the information ofall the patients with organ-confined prostate cancer who underwent radical prostatectomy from 2010 to 2014.All the patients were interviewed face to face or via telephone to collect additional data. Urinary incontinencewas evaluated by a questionnaire using the definition based on pads use. The effects of risk factors were eval-uated using logistic regression models.

The details of 13,583 registered patients with prostate cancerwere collected. Overall, the prevalence of urinary incontinence was estimated as 10.5% (n=1424). It is impor-tant to mention that the highest proportion of cases with urinary incontinence belonged to the age group of71-80 years old (n=502, 35.2%), as well as patients with elementary education (n=458, 32%) or no education atall (n=333,23.5%). Furthermore, more cases lived in urban settings (n=1159,81.7%), one-fourth of them (n=365)smoked tobacco, and nearly 11% of them reported having been diagnosed with diabetes (n=152). The oddsof having urinary incontinence increased by 20% in patients who had undergone radiotherapy as part of theirtreatment for prostate cancer (AOR=1.20, 95%CI: 1.07,1.36).

We estimated the prevalence of urinaryincontinence after radical prostatectomy as 10.5% among prostate cancer patients. We found that having beenexposed to education, having been diagnosed with diabetes, and receiving radiotherapy, are amongst the signif-icant risk factors for urinary incontinence. We also suggested that more predictor variables should be recordedin the National Cancer Registry.

Since its inception on December 2019, COVID-19 epidemic now has been titled a global emergency. Rich liter-ature on the global descriptive epidemiology of the cases has shown that the burden of COVID-19 epidemic interms of both morbidity and mortality is more pronounced among men. Physiological and genetic traits alongwith numerous differences in social and cultural profile of men are attributed to this discrepancy. This reviewattempted to delineate various proposed explanations for the observed gender-differences in COVID-19 mor-bidity and mortality.

Regarding the financial and psychological effects of micro-TESE on patients with NOA, it is im-portant to determine the parameters by which the sperm retrieval with micro-TESE can be predicted.

The key words used for conducting a search in the PubMed database included nonobstructive azoospermia andTESE. The abstracts of the articles were reviewed, and the articles which reported the parameters’ influence onsperm retrieval with micro TESE were included. All non-English papers, case reports, and case series, were ex-cluded from the review. Eventually, 25 articles were selected to be included.

It is recommended thatdiagnostic test is biopsy should be performed at the time of micro-TESE. The histopathology of testis, testic-ular volume, hormone profile, aging, and genetic factors, are parameters that might influence the results ofsperm retrieval with micro-TESE. Heterogeneous histopathological pattern and report of hypospermatogenesison pathology, lower serum FSH level, normal testis volume, and varicocelectomy, increase the chance of spermretrieval with micro-TESE. In terms of sperm retrieval, some genetic factors such as AZFa, AZFb, and chromo-some Y micro deletion provide poor prognosis.

Testis histopathology is the most important factorwhich predicts sperm retrieval with micro-TESE. Other factors that influence the sperm retrieval rate are testisvolume, genetic factor, serum FSH level, and history of varicocelectomy.

Chlorination is the most common disinfectant in the water treatment process. The reaction between NaturalOrganic Matter (NOM) in water and chlorine lead to the formation of harmful disinfectant by-products (DBPs).The most common DBPs (HAAs and THMs) impose risks on human health. The data acquired from humansamples on the relationship of men’s infertility with DBPs exposure are limited and epidemiological studieshave reported various results about the association between long-term exposure to DBPs and the adverse ef-fect on the man’s infertility (sperm concentration, semen quality and sperm motility). Previous cellular studiesshow that HAAs and THM damaged DNA by their effect on the ROS generation and Oxidative stress, respectively.Moreover, CDBM can lead to decreased litter sizes and pup viability. Bromodichloromethane (BDCM) cause theproduction of sperm abnormalities. In addition, Trichloromethane (TCM) led to increase the degeneration ofepididymis ductal epithelium. Dibromoacetic acid (DBAA) and Bromochloroacetic acid (BCAA) led to synergis-tical decrease in the levels of SP22 sperm membrane protein. Likewise, BCAA and DBAA resulted in testiculardamage. It should be noted that synergistic effect between Br THMs and TCAA in relation to below-referencesperm count was demonstrated. It has been reported that mixture of THMs and HAAs lead to increase spermmotility in adult male rats.

Preeclampsia is a specific gestational syndrome that reduces organ perfusion due to vascular spasm and endothelial activation. Despite the use of magnesium sulfate, the patient's blood pressure sometimes remains uncontrolled, and therefore, it is necessary to use other medications, especially diuretics and Methyldopa. Hence, the aim of this study was to compare Lasix and Methyldopa in controlling postpartum hypertension in preeclampsia patients after magnesium sulfate treatment.

This double-blind randomized clinical trial was carried out on 100 women with preeclampsia referred to Akbar Abadi Hospital-Iran. In the first 24 hours after the termination of pregnancy, the participants’ blood pressure was measured and those with a blood pressure of 140/90 to 160/100 were divided into two groups. In the first and second 24 hours, and then one week after the intervention, systolic and diastolic blood pressure as well as diuresis and drug complications in the two groups were assessed and compared.  The present study was registered in the Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials (IRCT) under the ID of IRCT20180114038349N1.

The mean age of individuals was 29.93 ± 6.65 in the Methyldopa group, and 32.35 ± 4.85 in the Lasix group (P = 0.479). Systolic and diastolic blood pressure had a substantial reduction in both groups, but there was no significant difference between the two groups (P> 0.05). Systolic blood pressure was reduced by 31 mmHg (reduction from 146 to 115) in the methyldopa group and 30 mmHg (reduction from 145 to 114) in the Lasix group. Furthermore, the reduction in diastolic blood pressure was 25 mmHg (from 95 to 70) in the methyldopa group, and 21 mmHg in the Lasix one (from 91 to 70).

The present study showed that using Lasix and methyldopa was effective enough in changing blood pressure in patients with preeclampsia, and the effects observed in the two groups were the same. Therefore, it could have a great impact on the wellbeing of couples.

appeared in Wuhan, China. As of today, COVID-19 has spread all around the world. There have been 9.24 million confirmed cases and 477,000 deaths globally. Fever, cough, and coexistence chest or back pain are some of the most reported symptoms of COVID-19. Although syncope is not a primary symptoms, we see patients passing out in the street after coronavirus pandemic. Up to now, syncope due to COVID-19 has only been reported by CHANTAL and coauthor in a 79 year-old patient. (1) There is no available data on syncope in COVID-19 patients. This is while some patients have been referred to us purely for their symptoms of fainting. Etiology of fainting in COVID-19 may be the product of orthostatic hypotension and vasovagal syncope due to dehydration. Increasing pressure in thoracic cavity during sequential cough may induce “cough syncope”

Today, obesity is one of the leading causes of death. It also causes other diseases such as diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and various types of cancer. Obesity is a multifactorial disease caused by factors such as genetics and lifestyle. However, scientists imagine that about 40-70% of the disease originates from genetics. In this review, we examined the role of different genes in obesity by examining 30 articles published on the role of genetics in the obesity of Iranian men, according to their BMI, comorbidities and family history. We concluded that most of the research has been done on the FTO, Hind III and S447 genes. We also showed an apparent relationship between these genes and obesity. Finally, according to studies, FTO can be considered as the most important and strongest contributor to obesity.

We study different aspect of laparoscopic pyelolithotomy (LP) in patients with large renal pelvis stone regarding success rate, complications as well as the recurrence free status.

From July 2015 to January 2019, 32 patients underwent LP for single large renal pelvis stone ($\ge$2 cm). Patient characteristics, preoperative and postoperative hemoglobin, creatinine as well as possible complications based on Clavien classification were recorded. Stone free status was evaluated using computed tomography scan one month after the surgery. Any particle bigger than 4 mm was considered as significant residual stone. During the next one years after the operation, renal ultrasonography was performed for all patients every six month to find any stone recurrence.

Mean operation time was 134.55$\pm$31.41 minutes. Patients were hospitalized 3.36$\pm$1.13 days in the LP group. Patients showed hemoglobin decrease of 1.50$\pm$1.05 (P=0.2). Stone free rate was 93.75\% and Mean overall stone free status estimated to be 32 months.

PCNL has been the treatment of choice for large renal pelvis stones; however, in expert hands, LP is an appropriate substitute with superior stone free rate, less bleeding and remarkably less stone recurrence.

It has been reported that patients with diabetes have a decreased risk for developing prostate cancer. The study aimed to measure Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels among diabetic men who had not previously been diagnosed with prostate cancer.

A cross-sectional study was carried out in public hospitals among diabetic men in Aden, Yemen. A predesigned structured questionnaire, including the personal data as well as physical and clinical characteristics of the study population, such as height, weight, smoking status, the duration of diabetes, and the type of treatment, was included. Blood samples were collected from the respondents, and the levels of fasting blood glucose (FBG) and PSA were measured. The data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics.

A total of 145 diabetic male patients were included in this study. The mean PSA level of the respondents was 2.56 ng/ml. There were significant differences in PSA levels according to patient age (p=0.000). The elderly patients exhibited significantly higher PSA levels than the younger groups. The PSA levels of smokers (2.60±0.48 ng/ml) were significantly higher (p=0.035) than those of nonsmokers (2.45±0.65 ng/ml). However, no significant difference was found in PSA levels according to body mass index (BMI) category, the type of treatment, or the duration of diabetes. Additionally, our results showed that PSA levels were not significantly correlated with FBG levels.

PSA levels were associated with age and smoking status, but not with BMI, the type of diabetic treatment, the duration of diabetes, or with FBG levels.

Introduction:

Waterpipe as a traditional method of tobacco consumption is a public health challenge. Consid-ering the growing trend of waterpipe (hookah) use in Iran, this systematic review aimed to measure the pooledprevalence of waterpipe current use among Iranian men.Materialsand

The present systematic reviewwas conducted on the published cross-sectional studies during 2009-2019 aiming at estimating the prevalenceof waterpipe current use among Iranian men. Current use of waterpipe was defined as using waterpipe withinthe preceding 30 days. Random Effect model was used to estimate the pooled prevalence by STATA v.14.

Ten cross-sectional epidemiologic studies with a total sample size of of 6,263 were included in the meta-analysis.The pooled prevalence of waterpipe current use among Iranian men was estimated at 25% (95% Confidence In-terval: 30-20%).

There are a variety of definitions for current use of waterpipe across studies. Theresults of this study suggest a high prevalence of current use of waterpipe among Iranian men during 2009-2019.Increased use of waterpipe in communities should be considered as a public health concern and a matter ofpriority by health policymakers. Preventive programs should take into account the acceptability and appealingnature of waterpipe among Iranian population and consider them as important modifiable factors

ntroduction:Marital satisfaction affected mental and physical health, life satisfaction, career success, and so-cial communications, and is one the most important indices of life satisfaction. Among all the factors relating tothe marriage, the marital adjustment has a special place in the study of marriage and family relationships. Iden-tity development is conceptualized as a process beginning in adolescence and peaking in the early adulthoodperiod during which one explores and commits to possibilities in interpersonal relationship. During this time,young adults are determining the importance of parental, marital, and career life roles. The aim of this studywas to determine the relationship between identity styles with marital satisfaction and identification of predict-ing factors on marital satisfaction centers of city councils of Tehran, Iran.

This was a correlationalcross-sectional study. The population includes all couples referring to city councils in the 10th and 11th zones.Participants’ duration of marriage was between 1 and 10 years. In this study, a total of 200 couples were se-lected using convenience cluster sampling, and the questionnaires were given and distributed to them in healthhomes, cultural centers of Tehran municipal. Tools of study were Enrich marital satisfaction questionnaire andIdentity Style questionnaire. Questionnaires were collected and data were entered in SPSS software ver. 18 andanalyzed. Descriptive tests, Pearson correlation test, and Multivariate Regression Test were used for descriptionand analysis of data.

The mean age of samples in this study was 31.60 years old with standard deviationof 5.12 years (Ranged between 20- 44 years). Demographic data had normal distribution (P<0.05). One-wayANOVA analysis showed that there was significant relationship between the age of men and marital satisfaction(P= 0.01). Univariate Linear Model showed that there was no significant correlation between literacy (P=0.908)and occupation (P=0.629) with marital satisfaction. There was a significant relationship between marital satis-faction with normative and commitment styles (P<0.05) but there was no significant relation between this andinformative and diffuse/avoidant styles (P>0.05). Linear regression analysis showed that only commitment styleof identity can predict the marital satisfaction significantly.

We concluded that commitment stylecan predict the marital satisfaction, and normative and commitment styles are related with it.

Introduction:

Due to the importance of social distancing in reducing the risk of transmission in Covid-19, con-tributing factors on success or failure of these rules are still unknown in Iran. The purpose of this study was todetermine the level of knowledge, attitude and practice of the public about this rule and its requirements duringthe Covid-19 pandemic.

This cross-sectional study was performed on 400 citizens over 18 years ofage in Tehran city. Knowledge, attitude and practice regarding social distancing were assessed using a question-naire and collected using electronic method (online). Data were analyzed using STATA software version 14 anddescriptive and analytical statistics.

371 (response rate: 92.5%) residents completed the questionnaire.24% (n=27) knew the social distancing well. The mean±SD of attitude score was 2.4±4 and 72% of the respon-dents was against the recommendation to observe intelligent distance. The mean knowledge and attitude scoreswere slightly higher in men than in women (3.69 vs. 3.55 and 2.51 vs. 2.20, respectively), but the mean practicescore was lower in men (3.44 vs. 3.77) and all were not statistically significant.

The respondents’knowledge of the rule of social distancing during the COVID-19 pandemic was good, although people do nothave a positive attitude towards this law. Although in some cases, such as in-person shopping, it was neces-sary to comply with this law, in most cases, such as keeping a distance of at least 1.5 meters with other people,avoiding handshakes, kissing and traveling was observed by a small percentage of people

Male circumcision (MC) is a minimal procedure to remove penile foreskin and is one of the oldest and most fre-quent surgical procedures in Iran, where the majority of the population identify themselves as Muslim. Despitenumerous health benefits, MC is an issue of debate among pediatricians, urologists, and other medical profes-sionals. Much of the debate stems from the lack of national guidelines and the incidence of minor or seriousclinical complications. This study performed a systematic review on the current literature on male circumcisionin Iran and summarized the major clinical complications reported by the studies.

During the pandemic, Iranian healthcare system had faced many challenges including the con-tinuation of medical education. In this time, almost all elective surgeries have been suspended, outpatient visitshave been limited to seriously ill patients, and academic meeting have been cancelled. This process has causeda significant decrease in clinical and surgical practice in the field of urology. In this article, we assess as to whatextent and how this pandemic has impacted the urology residency training in Iran.

A 15-item-longquestionnaire was designed and sent to all Iranian urology residents via social network and/or email from the10th of MAY to the 10th of Jun 2020. This questionnaire assessed different training activities, including on-call duty, outpatient visits, diagnostic procedures such as cystoscopy, endoscopic procedures, and open majorsurgeries, prior and during the pandemic. The results were evaluated using t-test and ANOVA.

Thepercentage of urology resident’s involvement in each training activity, including on-call duty, outpatient visits,diagnostic procedures such as cystoscopy, endoscopic procedures, and open major surgeries, demonstrated asignificant decline (p<0.001) during this time compared to the pre-COVID-19 period.

Urology res-idency training significantly decreased during the COVID-19 period. In order to address the second and thirdwaves of COVID-19 outbreak, long-term action plans, such as telemedicine and stimulation, can help preparetraining programs and residents during these unprecedented times.

Mental health services in Australia have faced significant challenges during the COVID-19 pan-demic in adopting the new changes to reach service users. The rapid changes in the situation and surge in thenumber of people seeking help or in crisis have led services to use many strategies which they would not haveconsidered in normal situations. The services working with men were especially experiencing the difficulty infulfilling the needs of their clients as the evidence shows that Australian men’s help seeking behaviour is lowerthan women.

A survey was conducted online to ascertain the level of impact on their services, theirclient groups and the lessons learned during online service delivery. The survey was conducted by AustralianMen’s Health Forum with 20 questions, both with multiple choice and narrative answer options.

In to-tal, 53 male-specific services have responded. 81% made changes to their services; 43% enabled their staff andvolunteers to work from home; 84% adopted strategies to conduct their meeting virtually with clients.Conclu-sion:Most services made significant changes such as phone/video counselling, but felt that this cannot be thenorm post-pandemic as it lacks the empathic human touch to service delivery. Innovative strategies were devel-oped to reach men living in remote/rural areas with no cost or travel time. However, there are many concernsabout vulnerable groups such as older adults, Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islanders and men living in remoteareas, who have limited access to electronic devices and reliable internet access.Implications:These find-ings have implications for reorienting frontline health services, particularly in times of widespread crisis whenservice delivery models need to change. There is, therefore, a direct consequence for building healthy publicpolicy in relation to the health of men and boys from marginalised/vulnerable groups that incorporates healthyenvironments and positive social connections

Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder with multiple microvascular and macrovascularcomplications. Some of the complications of diabetes such as erectile dysfunction are a result of an interplay ofboth microvascular and macrovascular complications. Erectile dysfunction is the inability to achieve or sustainan erection adequate for satisfactory sexual activity. Erectile dysfunction is relatively common in men with dia-betes yet there is a paucity of information on erectile dysfunction among Nigerian men with diabetes.Materialsand

Twelve studies on erectile dysfunction in Nigerian men with diabetes with a total sample size of1777 fulfilled the eligibility criteria and were recruited into the systematic review. The International Index ofErectile Function (IIEF) questionnaire was used to assess erectile dysfunction in all the studies.

Theprevalence of erectile dysfunction among Nigerian men with diabetes is 48.4-98.0%. The factors significantlyassociated with the presence of erectile dysfunction among Nigerian men with diabetes are longer durationof diabetes, poor glycaemic control, older age, peripheral arterial disease, autonomic neuropathy and obesity.

The prevalence of erectile dysfunction among Nigerian men with diabetes is high. Close attentionneeds to be paid to glycaemic control in these patients to reduce the complications

With the obsoletion of the paternalistic model of the doctor-patient relationship, consideringpublic opinion regarding healthcare policymaking seems to be of great necessity. The present study was con-ducted to determine the educational priorities of male urology specialists and the general male population con-cerning urological diseases.

In this cross-sectional survey study, 400 male urologists and400 men from the general population were assessed. Our investigation was carried out using a seven-item ques-tionnaire covering the most important urological conditions. Respondents gathered from all over Iran throughthe 22nd Congress of Iranian Urological Association (IUA) and street surveys.

The mean age of the par-ticipants was 40.69±13.23. The mean age for the general population and urologists was 35.8±13.7 and 45.6±10.6 years, respectively (P=0.0001). 56.8% of the respondents from the general population had a university de-gree. Overall, erectile dysfunction and sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) were the most mentioned diseasesas an educational priority (40.1%). Chronic prostatitis was also the least mentioned condition as an educationalpriority in both groups and overall among all the participants (20.9%). A significant difference was observedbetween the general population and urologists in all the examined conditions (P<0.05).

This studyindicated the differences among the educational priorities of the general male population and male urologists,and the necessity to make these two points of view closer and to involve the opinion of general population indecision making for men’s health week educational topics.

Despite advances in knowledge and information on the causes of cancers, prevention, the excellence of diag-nostic systems, and the great achievements of oncology, the incidence of cancer still seems to be on the rise.The used chemical medications, in turn, have shown numerous side effects and cellular toxicity. That is why re-searchers have always been looking for anti-cancer drugs without adverse effects on the patient. Hence, herbalmedicines have received special attention. Curcumin (diferuloylmethane) has been used as a spice in manycountries around the world, including Iran, for centuries. Countless properties of this substance, which is ob-tained from the plant’s root, such as anti-inflammatory, anti-mutagenic, anti-cancer, anti-fungal have been re-ported. This substance is able to affect cell signaling through multiple biochemical pathways, proliferation,differentiation, and cell death. The purpose of writing this review was to examine curcumin and its anti-cancerproperties in a general view for its use in practical medicine.Curcumin, with its epigenetic changes in the level of chromatin, is effective in regulating the expression of majorand regulatory genes and can play a cancer-preventing role in the cell. Also, this substance and its compoundswith inhibition activity of viral protein ACE-2 and Spike glycoprotein of SARS-CoV-2, and regulation of innateimmune response have shown several roles in the fight against diseases.To better understand the mechanism of action of turmeric metabolites with stimulant or inhibitory properties,it is necessary to do more research on the particular effects of Curcumin on various diseases, including cancer,effective dose and how to use it alone or in combination with other drugs.