مجله دانشگاه علوم پزشکی شهید صدوقی یزد
سال بیست و هشتم شماره 2 (پیاپی 162، اردیبهشت 1399)

In recent years, the treatment strategy for infectious and autoimmune diseases has significantly changed. Up to now, cancer treatment has been conducted on the basis of clinical and pathological methods. The most common cancer treatments is limited to chemotherapy, radiation therapy and surgery. However, cancer treatment is still not optimal. Common challenges for treatment of certain disease, e.g. cancer, are: systematic and non-specific distribution of drug agents, intolerable toxicity, insufficient drug concentration at the site of treatment and drug resistance.
In recent years, the development and application of nanotechnology has been considered revolutionary in the field of cancer treatment.
This technology offers a unique way to early detection and treatment of cancer. Designing and developing o new drug delivery systems not only increases the drug activity in the target tissue, but also reduces the drug toxicity and leaves it in a controlled manner.
Newcomer vesicles consist of non-ionic surfactants that are biodegradable, non-toxic, stable, and inexpensive and can be used for targeted drug delivery.
 The niosomal vesicles are composed of nonionic surfactants that are biodegradable, non-toxic, stable and lower cost; and it can be used for targeted drug delivery. The major advantages of niosomes can be mentioned: the greater chemical stability, high purity, the availability of various types of non-ionic surfactants, proper storage of drug and cheapness.

The present study entitled  Nomadicating  of the sleep and wakefulness index from the source of the creating and maintaining of the health of Islamic baring has been done using a qualitative analytical-descriptive research method based on library studies. Unfortunately, the results indicated that despite the precise and expansive attention that the verses and recommendations of the great elites have emphasized on the importance of the well-being of the soul in the creating and maintaining of the health, and the scientific and practical solutions attributed to this, most of this material is neglected. Most people and every day diseases and clinical interventions are at the level of quality and life expectancy of human beings. However, the results of this study suggest that new scientific findings, as needed, should address issues related to sleep and behavior, including forbidden sleep time, places where prohibition of sleeping, proper sleep, sensitive hours, wakefulness, and effects of the mental and psychological state of people from the above mentioned nature in these situations, as well as the rituals before going to bed, waking up and recovering properly from the bed in order to minimize the sudden increase in blood pressure and its links with people's mood, the amount of sleep and the permission or unauthorized sleep during the day, etc. In this research, the answers of many people in this regard were provided.

Currently, there is no effective and comprehensive treatment for ischemic stroke. There is strong clinical evidence for the benefits of hypothermia in neuroprotection. Therefore, the present study aimed to determine the effect of mild non-invasive hypothermia by JZL-184 on behavioral improvement in stroke rats.

This study was performed on 5 groups of male mice weighing 25-30 g. The groups were as follows: 1- Healthy group 2- Control group (Stroke) 3- Stroke + DMSO solvent 4- Stroke + Aspirin (40mg /kg) 5- Stroke + JZL-184 (16mg / kg) (n = 8 per group). The drugs were injected intraperitoneally immediately after the stroke. At the times before (time zero) and at 5, 24 and 48 h after stroke induction, body temperature, behavioral testing, including muscle strength and sensory-motor dysfunction were measured. Data were analyzed by SPSS version 18 software and Two-way ANOVA test (P ≤ 0.05).

JZL-184 decreased body temperature at 5, 24 and 48 hours compared to intact and control groups (p <0.001). Injection JZL-184 and Aspirin improved muscle strength and sensory-motor function (p <0.001) compared to the control group. Aspirin also improved behavioral tests compared to the control group (p <0.01), but did not show any effect on the body temperature compared to the intact group at time 48. Only in JZL-184 group, the behavioral tests score was similar to the intact group at the 48 h after stroke.

JZL-184 may have been able to improve neuronal function by hypothermia induced by the agonist effects of cannabinoid receptor 1 (CB1), thereby improving muscle strength and sensory-motor function after cerebral ischemia.

The unpleasant odor felt in speaking or breathing may be the sign of systemic disorders or some localized lesions in the mouth and teeth. As the first people to be questioned in this field, dentists play a critical role in diagnosis, treatment, and refer to a specialist, so their knowledge in this matter is important This study aimed to investigate the knowledge of Yazd general dentists about the causes of halitosis and its treatment methods in 2018.

In this cross-sectional study, 126 Yazd general dentists, selected randomly, completed a questionnaire, including demographic information (12 questions), the causes of halitosis (12 questions), methods of halitosis detection (5 questions), and methods of its treatment (3 questions). The data were then coded and statistically analyzed with SPSS version 23 software and Students' t-test, ANOVA, and Chi-square tests.

The mean score of the participants' awareness was 13.23±3 3.29. Their mean score of the awareness in etiology, diagnostic methods, and the treatment amounted to 7.50 ± 2.36, 3.27± 1.39 and 2.27±0 0.74, respectively.  Of them, 2.4%, 42.9%, and 54.8% had a low, moderate, and a good level of knowledge. There was a significant and inverse relationship between the knowledge score of the dentists with their age and duration of employment in the dental profession (p=0.006). Those who worked in government centers had a higher average knowledge score (p=0.004).

Yazd general dentists had a good knowledge level about the halitosis. Since there is a significant and inverse relationship between the mean score of knowledge with the age and duration of employment in the dental profession. Therefore, holding retraining courses is recommended to raise the level of awareness of these people.

The relationship between biomechanical parameters and different types of posture problems in association with running is unknown. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the excursion changes at the hip, knee, and ankle joints during running in the patients with flat foot.

The participants comprised 12 healthy men and 12 others suffering from flat feet disorder. They were divided into two experimental and control groups based on the normalized criterion of navicular. Motion excursions during the stance phase of running were calculated for all three planes of motion at the hip, knee, and ankle joints. A Vicon (200 Hz) motion analysis system with four T-Series cameras were used to measure parameters by Vicon Nexus 1.8.5, Polygon 4.1.2 software. Data were analyzed using SPSS24, and Independent sample t-test test.

There were no significant differences in all excursions of lower limb joints between the healthy and flat foot groups (P>0.05). There were significant differences observed between the healthy and flat foot groups in the dorsiflexion of the ankle (P=0.00), ankle plantarflexion (P=0. 00), hip flexion (P=0.000), hip extension (P=0.002), and knee flexion (P=0.000).

The results showed that some observed changes in excursion parameters are due to the effects of compensatory mechanisms, and some might be considered as pathologic characteristics of the flat foot. Also, flat foot had strong effects on other joints.

Diabetes is one of the most common metabolic diseases that is associated with high blood sugar and can cause disorders of the central nervous system. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effect of a course of endurance activity on the levels of hippocampal Pannexin-1 and NLRP-1 proteins in diabetic Wistar rats.

In this experimental study, 28 rats with 10 weeks of age and average weight of 245±9.4 g were randomly divided into 4 groups of 7: control diabetic, trained diabetic, healthy control and healthy trained. Intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (45 mg/kg) was used to induce diabetes. Then, the endurance training protocol was performed for 6 weeks. 24 h after the last training session, hippocampal tissue of rats was extracted and Pannexin-1 and NLRP-1 protein levels were measured by Western Blot Method. In this study, one-way analysis of variance and Tukey test as a follow-up test were used. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS software version 18.

The results showed that the expression of Pannexin-1 and NLRP-1 protein was significantly increased in diabetic rats (P<0.05). Moreover, the results of Pannexin-1 and NLRP-1 protein expression showed that the expression of both proteins decreased significantly after 6 weeks of endurance training in the training diabetic group compared to the control diabetic group (P <0.05).

Our findings confirmed the effects of hyperglycemia induced by endurance physical activity and consequently its effect on the decreased expression of Pannexin-1 and NLRP-1 proteins. Therefore, it seems that physical activity may play an important role in ameliorating neurodegenerative disorders in type 1 diabetic patients by reducing the expression of these proteins.

The prevalence of childhood high blood pressure is rising fast. The possibility of high blood pressure augments with increasing body mass index (BMI), inappropriate dietary intake and lifestyle problems. The aim of this study was to investigate the correlation between blood pressure, body mass index, life style and dietary habits in children and adolescents aged 6 - 18 years in Tabriz, Iran.

The present study was a cross-sectional study. Using data of the Sib software (the software used in the health transformation system) were collected. This data includes anthropometric information, some demographic factors, dietary intake and lifestyle of 425 children and adolescents with overweight and obesity. The data were analyzed by STATA software (MP 4.2 potable 2017).

The association between systolic blood pressure and dairy products (P = 0.02), watching TV / PC (P = 0.041), BMI quarter (P <0.001), BMI (P <0.001),and age (P <0.001) as well as the  association between diastolic blood pressure with BMI quarter (P <0.001), BMI (P <0.001) and age (P <0.001) was statistically significant and the other variables did not show a meaningful statistical relationship.

Age, BMI, less dairy consumption, and watching TV/PC has a relationship with high blood pressure. Therefore, nutritionists and health workers should consider the above considerations when making recommendations in children and adolescents with overweight and obesity.

The use of The use of nanoparticles containing antioxidant and cytotoxic plant compounds can have a special place in the treatment of melanoma. The aim of this study was to evaluate the antioxidant and cytotoxic effects of pineapple fruit extract on skin cancer.

In the present experimental study, liposomal vesicles were prepared using cholesterol, soy phosphatidylcholine, and polyethylene glycol, and pineapple fruit extract was loaded in liposomes. Physicochemical characteristics were evaluated using zeta sizer, FTIR and AFM. Finally, the toxicity of different concentrations of extract and liposome-containing extract was evaluated in A-375 melanoma cell line using MTT assay. DPPH test was used to evaluate the antioxidant properties of the extract and liposomes containing extract. Statistical analysis was performed using Excel and SPSS (Ver 22) software and Duncan and Student's T-tests were used for statistical conclusion.

According to this study showed the encapsulation efficiency of pineapple extract containing liposome, liposome size and its surface charge were 40%, 89.9 nm and -8.8 mV, respectively. FTIR analysis and AFM micrographs also confirm that there is no interaction of the extract with its nanosystem, the spherical morphology of the liposomes and its appropriate distribution and dispersion. The toxicity level of pineapple extract is higher when had been encapsulated rather than the non-encapsulated extract on the A-375 cell line.

Pineapple fruit extract has cytotoxic effects on A-375 cell line and the present liposomal nanocarrier can be a suitable carrier for the delivery of the extract and inhibit the growth and proliferation of these cells.