مجله علوم پزشکی صدرا
سال هشتم شماره 2 (بهار 1399)

Hypothyroidism is a clinical syndrome that occurs as a result of abnormalities in the production of thyroid hormones. Lack of this hurts sleep quality and sexual self-efficacy. The present study attempts to investigate the effectiveness of the Integrative approach of reality – Emotion- focused therapy on sleep quality and sexual self-efficacy in women with hypothyroidism.

The quasi-experimental research design was pre-test and post-test with the experimental and control groups. Among women who were admitted to the Shahid Rahimi hospital clinic with thyroid dysfunction, 30 were randomly selected and assigned to two experimental and control groups (15 people in each group). As a pre-test, sleep quality questionnaire (Petersburg, 1989) and sex self-efficacy questionnaire (Vaziri and Lotfi, 1392) were completed by the participants. Then an intervention with the Integrative approach of reality – Emotion-focused therapy for 10 sessions each lasting for 90 minutes was performed on the experiment group. Version 20 of SPSS software was used to analyze the data.

Multivariate and univariate analysis of covariance indicated the effect of the independent variable on the dependent variables being significant at the level of (0.01). Moreover, the Integrative approach of reality – Emotion-focused therapy has affected the quality of sleep and sexual self-efficacy in patients with hypothyroidism.

According to the results, the Integrative approach of reality – Emotion-focused therapy in patients with hypothyroidism can increase sexual self- efficacy and improve their sleep quality. Therefore, this method can be used to treat and reduce their problems.

Sacrococcygeal Pilonidal disease is a relatively common disease with high morbidity. This medical condition has been more detected in young adult men. Different types of management have been applied depending on the extension and severity of the disease, including resection without repair, primary closure, and using different methods of flap reconstruction.

In this cross-sectional study, 405 patients with the pilonidal disease were evaluated. Patients treated with different surgical techniques between 2006 to 2011 in Shahid Faghihi Hospital and Namazee Hospital of Shiraz University of Medical Sciences. Demographic data were registered and the surgical methods and complications were identified.

Most of the patients were young men (265 cases, 65.4%) and their main complaints were discharge and pain (353 cases, 87.2%) in the Sacrococcygeal area. Comparison of the surgical methods including resection with an open wound, primary closure, and Rhomboid flap indicates that recurrence was seen low in all three techniques (33 cases, 8.2%), especially in the surgery using Rhomboid flap. High-protein and high-caffeine meal (291 cases, 71.8%) and living in the warm and humid climates (348 cases, 85.9%) have been evaluated as predisposing factors for disease development.

Due to primary results, the rhomboid/Limberg flap procedure should be considered as the preferable surgery method for the treatment of Sacrococcygeal Pilonidal disease. Further investigations are inevitable to find the role of factors like high-protein and high-caffeine meals on the incidence of pilonidal disease.

One of the side effects of myocardial infarction is to increase slow-twitch to fast-twitch fibers phenotypic changes due to decreased mitochondrial density. Mitochondrial biogenesis with its ability to create new mitochondria and increase mitochondrial density can minimize these complications. One of the most effective genes in the mitochondrial biogenesis is the camK and PGC-1α. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the effect of eight weeks of high-intensity interval training on the expression of camK and PGC-1α genes in the rats with myocardial infarction.

In this development research, 12 Wistar male rats with myocardial infarction were divided into experimental (30 minutes on a treadmill regularly and 4 minutes running with the severity of 90-85% VO2max and two minutes of active recovery with 50% -60% VO2max three days a week for eight weeks) and control(without exercise) groups. The expression of camK and PGC-1α genes was studied with Real-time PCR as an effective factor in downstream mitochondrial biogenesis.

The results showed that the expression of camK and PGC-1α genes increased significantly (P =0.001).

Generally, eight weeks of high-intensity interval training by increasing the expression of camK and PGC-1α genes which are effective in the mitochondrial biogenesis process, can improve mitochondrial function in ST in rats with myocardial infarction and improve their quality of life.

Rheumatoid Arthritis is an auto-immune, systemic, chronic, and inflammatory disease, which may lead to the Cardio-Vascular Diseases (CVD). Metabolic Syndrome (Met S) is considered as a risk factor for developing CVD while the level of mental health has an essential role in their occurrence and intensification. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine the differences in Meta-cognitive beliefs, Life-Orientation, positive and negative Affection between Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients with and without Met S and normal individuals in Shiraz city in 2019.

It is a comparative study. The participants of this study were 70 patients with Met S and 70 patients without Met S and 70 normal individuals who were selected by purposive sampling method and were matched in terms of features as age, gender, and marital status. The data were collected by using Wells-Meta-cognitive beliefs questionnaire, Life-Orientation-Reviewed Sheerer and Kurver, Positive and Negative Affection questionnaire by Watson, Clark, and Tellegen. Reliability was evaluated using Cronbach's alpha method. Data were analyzed using variance multi-variable Statistical analysis and Tukey’s post-hoc test in SPSS software, version 25.

The results showed a significant difference among the three groups in terms of meta-cognitive beliefs (p=0.001) and optimism-pessimism, and Positive Affection (p<0.01); However, a significant difference was not found in the Negative Meta-cognitive beliefs component (p=0.52) and Negative Affection (p=0.07).

The Rheumatoid Arthritis as a chronic disease and its co-occurrence with Met S both have a considerable impact on the CVD. Also, Patients’ mental health can contribute to reducing anxiety and stress happening due to an illness. Besides, patients’ mental health interventions is recommended along with medications.

Recent studies have suggested that fast food consumption is correlated to different aspects of cognitive functioning. This study aimed at investigating the association between fast-food consumption and short-term memory in students of Shiraz University of Medical Sciences.

In this cross-sectional study, 182 undergraduate students were selected using a simple random sampling method from affiliated dormitories of Shiraz University of Medical Sciences. Demographic and anthropometric data and the frequency of fast food, salad, soft drink, and doogh consumption were obtained from each person. Then, Wechsler standard memory test was carried out to evaluate short-term memory.

According to the results, respectively 1.3%, 18.4%, 25.3%, and 55.1% of the students consumed fast food less than once, 1-2 times, 3-4 times, 5 times, and more per week. Although fast-food consumption was higher in girls and seniors compared to boys and freshmen students, the difference was not statistically significant. Moreover, there was no significant correlation between fast food and salad consumption with short-term memory (P = 0.556 and P = 0.051, respectively); however, higher consumption of fast food and salad was accompanied by lower memory score. Besides, short-term memory was positively correlated with soft drinks (P <0.001) and inversely with doogh, (P <0.001).

fast food consumption is high in dormitory residents and its consumption is related to the lower score of short term memory.

Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome is accompanied by Pelvic Drop and Valgus Dynamic Knee. Pain And fear of pain have been reported as some mechanisms of its occurrence. The present study is to investigate the effect of twelve-week neurofeedback training on perceptual pain intensity, fear of pain, pelvic drop, and dynamic knee valgus index in men with Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome.

32 patients with PFPS participated in this study. They were randomly divided into experimental (n = 16) and control (n = 16) groups. The instruments used in this study consist of the VAS scale for pain, McNeil questionnaire for fear of pain, camera and Kinova Software for pelvis drop and dynamic valgus index when going down the stairs. The experimental group performed neurofeedback training for twelve weeks, 3 times per week, and 30 Min per Session; however, the control group did not receive any treatment during this time.  The covariance statistical method was used through SPSS software, version 21, for data analysis.

The results showed that the experimental group after twelve weeks of neurofeedback training had significant improvement in pain reduction(0/001), fear of pain (P = 0.004) and Valgus Knee Dynamics Index (P = 0.005); however, there was no significant improvement in drop pelvis (P = 0.45).

It seems that the pelvic drop and Knee Dynamic Valgus Index are influenced by perceptual pain intensity and fear of pain. Dynamic Knee Valgus Index has been significantly influenced by perceptual pain intensity and fear of pain since it decreased after twelve weeks of neurofeedback training.

Research is a way of developing a body of knowledge and movement toward an influential profession. A case study has been commonly used in humanistic and medical sciences, even though generally was considered an underutilized strategy in community-based nursing especially in Iran; so we decided to introduce nurse researchers with detailed issues of this research strategy in this article. Some researches reiterated case studies' appropriateness in theory generation when dealing with new phenomena, events, techniques, processes, or a complex real-life activity in a great-depth and holistic view.  Some authors criticized this research strategy as lacking scientific rigor and not addressing generalization. Therefore, it is underutilized in nursing. The purpose of this article is to demonstrate the appropriateness of the case study as a nursing research strategy and discussing methodological considerations about it.To this end, we reviewed recent literature consisting 46 references (11 textbooks of nursing research) and other articles and books on case study methodology from medical and nursing databases. The result was the extraction of the main concepts such as different case studies' applications, methods, and designs to planning, conducting and reporting a case study research as well as other issues such as sampling, data gathering, analysis, and reporting of derived results with several examples in each section and discussing considerations about this strategy. To conclude, there are possibilities in nursing clinical, administrational, and educational issues as well as preventive health care for doing case studies in nursing. Thus nurses should know case-studies' methodology and practice to be able to conduct it appropriately when necessary.

Psychiatric disorders are highly prevalent among clients referred to primary care and general practitioners. Given that the main core of treatment in these patients is medication, these psychiatric drugs can cause long-term complications such as a decrease or increase in blood glucose and lipid. In this review study, the effects of these drugs on blood glucose and lipid in Iran have been addressed. It should be noted that blood glucose and lipid levels can be affected by several factors including environmental factors, geography, race, ethnicity, and even skin color. Moreover, many relevant studies approved the relationships among these variables repeatedly. In this review study, international databases of Web of Knowledge, ISI, PubMed, Google Scholar, SID, and Noormags databases (as national ones) were searched up to the end of 2019. Finally, eight studies out of 30 were investigated. The Total number of subjects studied in this study was 824 in 8 articles, which included six clinical trials, one descriptive study, and one case-control study. In general, in the present review study, most studies indicate the increasing effect of serotonin-dopamine antagonist antipsychotics on blood glucose (so clozapine and then risperidone, from this drug class, have a greater effect on the development of this complication), as well as the effects of dopamine antagonist antipsychotics on lipid profile in patients. Comparing clomipramine and fluoxetine, clomipramine increased blood glucose and lipids, but fluoxetine did not have these complications.

Auriculotherapy (also auricular therapy, ear acupuncture, and auriculoacupuncture) is a health care procedure based on the idea that auricle is a microsystem reflecting the entire body. In this microsystem, a point is considered for each part of the body in the auricle. By manipulating any specific point in the auricle, the corresponding part of the body is stimulated. The physical, mental, or emotional health of individuals is affected by exclusive stimulation of the given points. This therapeutic approach can contribute to the treatment of various diseases. The Holy Quran is a comprehensive source of various sciences, where a great deal of knowledge can be obtained by contemplating its holy verses. The authors of this study put forward the view that this therapeutic approach is initially introduced in chapter 18 of the Holy Quran (verses 10-11 and 18), called “al-Kahf” or“The Cave”. In these verses, it read; “when the youths sought refuge in the cave, they said: 'Lord give us from your mercy and furnish us with rectitude in our affair” (10) “for many years we sealed up their hearing in the cave” (11) and “You might have thought them awake, though they were sleeping” (18). The phrase “sealed up their hearing” has been translated “we stamped their ears and they became anesthetized”. Accordingly, the authors of this study believe that the phrase “sealed up their hearing" in the second verse denotes what is now considered as the basis of the auricular therapy. Also, auriculotherapy can be regarded as one of the interpretations of these verses.