فصلنامه برنامه ریزی رفاه و توسعه اجتماعی
پیاپی 40 (پاییز 1398)

Family, which establishes the personality and intellectual values of individuals in a community, can have a vital role in creating happiness in individuals. In this study, using the statistical data of 11 countries with more than 20 thousand dollars per capita income and 25 countries with per capita income below 20 thousand dollars, over the period 1981-2014, the relationship between the family's importance in life and happiness has been studied. Per capita income, unemployment, life expectancy, and income inequality variables are entered as a control variable in the panel data regression. The results show that in both groups of the country, unemployment and income inequality variables have negative and significant effects, and variables of family importance, life expectancy and income have a positive and significant effect on happiness perception. Also, the family importance in life in countries with low per capita income, as compared to countries with high per capita income, hasn’t different impacts on perceptions of happiness. Therefore, the positive impact of the cultural value of the family's importance in life on the perception of happiness is not dependent on the promotion of per capita income in a country. Per capita income does not count as a catalyst for having a greater impact on the family's importance in life on the feeling of happiness.

Economic inflation and expensiveness of goods and services can put pressure on retirees as a low income groups, and affected their social interactions. Our aim in this study was to understand the retiree’s experiences about economic inflation, and that is outcomes in their life. The research approach is qualitative and carried out with constructive grounded theory method. The research participants included 33 retired people from variant organizations that selected purposefully with snowball sampling method. The data gathered through semi-structured interview and the transcripts were analyzed through theoretical coding technique. According to coded data, 7 main categories constructed, included livelihood accommodation, decrease of support for children, difficulty of children expectations, burnout, decrease of moral solidarity, limitation of interactions and norms burnout. Finally the participant retirees experienced and interpreted inflation as straits in their relationships, mental and social life.

The study, focusing on the Harandi neighborhood in Tehran, is a rummage of poverty and urban social issues. Based on the autobiographical ethnographic method, the data are collected through observation, interviews, personal archives, interviews published by civil activists, and documentary methods (from the novel), organized in the form of two major narratives. HarandiNeighbourhood is an extreme example that clearly illustrates the relationship between social issues and urban poverty, and for this reason, it has been selected as an example. Findings indicate very low social monitoring, lack of ownership of space, lack of social ties between residents of the neighborhood and other communities, provision of grounds for legislation and regulation, the formation of symbolic territories by the affected groups, weak support of the government towards the communities living in the neighborhood, socialization among some small groups and high social exclusion. Accordingly, the interpenetration of these factors with urban spaces at the district, requires that social policy be sensitive to the socio-economic-political context and take into account the conditions of all the groups, that through quantitative and up-down approaches will not be possible.

The point of shared urban planning and social justice in the city is distributive justice. Considering the two criteria, the accessibility and spatial distribution of services is the basis for the fair distribution of urban services. Therefore, the aim of this study is to analyze the spatial equilibrium of access to urban services in Eghlid. The research method is descriptive-analytic. Data were gathered using a survey method and a questionnaire. Citizens of neighborhoods in Euclid are the statistical population of the research. The sample size was determined using the Cochran formula 381. For data analysis, one sample T test, Friedman test, Spearman correlation coefficient, and VIKOR and AHP technique were used. The results of the study showed that access to services in Eghlid based on single sample t test has a significant difference. According to the Vikor technique, the Husseinabad neighborhood has the most access to urban services. According to Spearman's correlation coefficient, there is a significant and direct relationship between access to services and quality of life. However, based on this coefficient, there is no significant relationship between access to services and the population in Eghlid. According to the results of the Friedman test, the Elyassan neighborhood has the highest level of quality of life. In sum, the results indicate that the spatial equilibrium in access to urban services in Eghlid is not realized.

The social health of individuals is one of the core of health assessment of different societies. The main purpose of this study is to explain the social and cultural factors affecting social health among the citizens of Kashan. The research method was survey and the research tool was a researcher-made questionnaire. The statistical population of the study consisted of citizens aged 18-64 in Kashan. The sample size was 373 according to Cochran formula and non-probability-quota sampling method was used to obtain the research samples. The results show that the mean of three independent variables (social trust, feeling of hope, social vitality) and the dependent variable of research (social health) are higher than the average of the range studied, and the mean of cultural capital is lower than that. On the other hand, there is a direct and significant relationship between the variables of social trust, social vitality, hope, cultural capital and social health. The results of regression coefficient show that feeling of happiness has the greatest effect on social health. The results of path analysis also show that direct and indirect impacts on social health of Kashan citizens are respectively, Hope, Social trust and Cultural capital.In spite of the low impact of cultural capital, other social factors examined provide context for healthy social relationships and social health.

Assigning “Microfinance’’ is one of the favorite strategies of scholars and politicians to liquidate poverty and reduce unemployment in different countries. This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of Government’s Microfinance on the Rural Entrepreneurship and Sustainable Employment in Javanrud. The present study is of an applied and descriptive-analytical nature in terms of nature and purpose.The research population consists of all rural people in Javanrud who have used government funds from the Karafariniomid Fund and the Agricultural Bank between 2006-2017 years(N:921). The main research tool was a questionnaire. The results of micro-credit regression analysis on the variables examined, with the coefficients 0.737, 0.336, 0.217 shows that micro-credit has been effected respectively on the economic dimension in the first rank, and the social, cultural aspect on the second rank also on the physical aspect on the third rank. Research findings also show that there is a positive and meaningful correlation between the government's micro-credit and sustainable rural development. In fact, the government’s micro-credit at the level of 95% of reliability has been playing an important role in creating entrepreneurship and sustainable employment and ultimatelysu stainable rural development

Marriage in Iranian culture is the most important and acceptable way to form family and organize the survival of the generation and gain psychological peace. This study examines the functions of marriage from the perspective of three generations among of Isfahan women. It deals with the functions of marriage and answers the question of what factors influence the attitude of three generations of Isfahan women towards the functions of marriage? Theoretical foundations used the theories of Engelhard, Giddens, Bauman .The research method used in this article is survey and data collection tool, questionnaire. Using the sampling method, 384 people were selected as statistical samples. The results showed that the variable belonging to different generations, religiosity, social confidence and individualism have a significant relationship with people's attitudes towards marriage functions. The relationship between life satisfaction and socioeconomic status has not been significant with individuals' attitudes toward marriage functions in the regression equation. According to the results of the study, despite some differences, there is no contradiction in the perception of generations about the importance and function of marriage.