فصلنامه روش ها و مدلهای روان شناختی
سال دهم شماره 38 (زمستان 1398)

The purpose of this study was to compare the effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral therapy and admission-and-acceptance therapy on depression and positive and negative symptoms of bipolar disorder patients. In this quasi-experimental study, 36 pre-test and post-test posttest students were randomly selected using available sampling method and 36 psychiatric hospitals referring to diagnostic and statistical guidelines for psychiatric disorders , Diagnosed with bipolar disorder, were randomly divided into three groups of 12. The first group received 10 sessions of cognitive-behavioral therapy, the second group received no intervention during 12 sessions of acceptance and commitment therapy, and the control group received no intervention and were placed on the waiting list. Data were collected through questionnaires of bipolar depression and positive and negative symptoms of schizophrenia. For data analysis, covariance analysis was used. The findings showed that cognitive-behavioral therapy and admission and commitment therapy in the experimental groups reduced depression and positive and negative symptoms. While no change was observed in the control group. There was also no significant difference between cognitive-behavioral therapy and acceptance-based treatment and commitment to reduce depression. But the ACT approach has been more effective in regulating both positive and negative symptoms. The results of these treatments will reduce the symptoms of bipolar disorder. Therefore, the development of these therapeutic interventions along with drug therapy can control and prevent recurrence of symptoms of bipolar disorder. 

Mental focus is one of the main conditions for learning and academic achievement, which can be reconstructed by visual permeability and the ideal visual communication of classrooms with the outlook. Accordingly, the present study aimed to investigate the effect of visual permeability types on the basis of out landscape content on rehabilitation of mental concentration of students. The statistical population of this study was all students in the second section of high schools in Shiraz, aged 16 to 18 years, who were randomly selected as multistage cluster sampling (in each group of 15) ) were chosen. Subjects were evaluated by a questionnaire and psychological test in two stages before and after the intervention, and the totality of data was analyzed based on the paired t-test to find a meaningful relationship between visual permeability and cognitive mental restoration of students. The results of this research show that students' mental focus after conducting their activities can be greatly improved through visual access to the natural landscape of the outside environment. However, windowlessness in the classroom and the periphery of the physical elements have the least effect on restoring their mental concentration, respectively.

Sexual diversity in all societies, especially in Iran, has remained largely hidden and unknown in terms of ethical and cultural considerations. This raises problems, in marital relationship, can destroy the core of family. The purpose of this study was to investigate the structural equation model for predicting sexual variety based on marital life quality with mediation of cognitive Schemes activated in men referring to consultation centers in Shiraz. The research method was a descriptive-correlational type of structural equation model. The sample consisted of 240 married men who were selected by using availability sampling method and according to Kline criteria. Three questionnaires were used to collect data, Busby et al who made the revised version of marital life quality questionnaire, Glass& Wright who developed sexual diversity scale, and cognitive schema activation questionnaire that was invented by Nobre and Pinto-Gouveia.The results of the research showed that the research model has a good fit, the result showed that there are significant relationships between predicting variable, marital life quality, and mediating variable, activated cognitive schema, with male sexual diversity. The marital life quality has a significant direct and indirect effect on activated cognitive schema and sexual diversity. Also, the results indicated that the activated cognitive schema on sexual diversity in married men have direct and indirect effects on sexual diversity. Also, activated cognitive schema has a mediator role in relation to marital life quality and sexual diversity of men.

The purpose of this study was investigating the mediating role of social acceptance and emotional schemas in relationship between family communication patterns and academic motivation in students. The research method is descriptive-correlational and structural equation modeling. The statistical population consisted of all high school students studying in the second grade over educational year 2017-2018 in the city of Darab. 379 students were randomly selected through multistage cluster sampling. Vallerlandet. alAcademic Motivation Scale, Marlowe–Crowne Social Acceptance Scale, Leahy Emotional Schema Scale, Richie and Fitzpatrick Family Communication Patterns Scale were administered to collect data. Analyzing data using structural equation modeling indicate that this model has desirable goodness of fit. Conversation pattern has a positive and significant effect on academic motivation directly, while communication pattern conformity has no direct impact on it.The communication pattern conformity affects academic motivation by positive and negative emotional schemas. Negative emotional schema sdecreases academic motivation both directly and via social acceptance. However, positive emotional schemas merely raise academic motivation directly. In general, the findings show that social acceptance and emotional schemas has a mediating role in relationship between family communication patterns and academic motivation in high school students.

Marital infidelity which has been growing in recent decades can have a negative impact on couples and especially the women. Present study attempted to investigate the effectiveness of treatment based on rational, emotional and behavioral therapy on the amount of forgiveness and resilience among women affected by marital infidelity. This study is a quasi-experimental one with a pretestposttest design and control group. The statistical population includes all women affected by marital infidelity in Shiraz twenty of whom were selected via purposeful sampling from counseling clinics and randomly divided into two experimental and control groups. Intervention was performed two days a week for 14 sessions each lasting for 90 minutes and the follow-up stage was performed two months after the intervention. In order to collect data, Conner and Davidson’s Resilience and Rye’s forgiveness Questionnaires were used. Data were analyzed by SPSS version 23 and analyzed by using ANOVA and repeated measures. The results showed a significant difference between the experimental and control groups with regard to forgiveness and resilience scores. It can be concluded that treatment based on rational, emotional and behavioral approach can increase forgiveness and resilience in women affected by marital infidelity and thereby guarantee the mental health among them. 

Multiple Sclerosis is a disease of young age. Cognitive problems are among the problems that people with disabilities are faced with. Most of the cognitive disorders in patients with MS are related to working memory and attention retention. Mindfulness-integrated Cognitive Behaviour Therapy [MiCBT] is a non-pharmacological psychotherapeutic approach. Non-pharmacological treatment along with drug therapy seems necessary in dealing with the MS condition.

This study is designed to investigate the effectiveness of MiCBT on working memory in adults with multiple sclerosis and healthy people using subscales from the PCAP and Wechsler adult intelligence scale. The design of the study was semi-experimental. The study population included patients who referred to the Kerman MS society with a disability rating of 3 to 6 and healthy were companions of these patients. 24 patients and 24 healthy were selected as study sample using a convenience sampling method, then they were randomly divided into two intervention groups (n=14), MiCBT, and two control groups (n=10). Pre and post-intervention data subjected to descriptive and inferential statistics using SPSS.

Results of repeated measure ANOVA have shown that the working memory was significantly increased in the MiCBT group when compared to the MS control and healthy people.

Hence, MICBT is suggested as a suitable intervention in improving the working memory.

Intimacy causes a fundamental context for the satisfaction and dissatisfaction of a person from life and can increase the commitment and compatibility of couples. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between relationship ethics and marital intimacy with the mediator role of social problem solving skills in employed married women. The research was applied in terms of purpose and in terms of descriptive method of correlation type using structural equations. The statistical population of the study consisted of all women working in education in Javanrood city (450 people). According to the Morgan table, 250 was selected as sample using random sample cluster sampling, and responded to the relationship ethics questionnaire, social problem solving skills questionnaire and marital intimacy questionnaire. SPSS and lisrel software were used to analyze the data. Findings indicated that relationship ethics and social problem solving skills had a direct effect on marital intimacy, also Relationship ethics had a direct impact on social problem solving skills, Relationship ethics has an indirect effect through social problem solving skills on marital intimacy and And the hypothesized model of research was suitable fit.Therefore, it can be said that relationship ethics and social problem solving skills are important and related to marital intimacy.

The aim of this study was to modling the relationship between the effect of social support and mindfulness on psychological well-being considering the mediating role of satisfying basic psychological needs in parents of exceptional children. In this descriptive-correlational study, all the parents of exceptional children of Khuzestan privince in year 2019 constituted the research population. From this population, 234 people were selected through convenience sampling method. In this study, social support, mindfulness, psychological well-being and satisfying basic psychological needs were used for data collection in this study. Data were analyzed by SPSS & AMOS edit 25 using a path analysis method. Bootstrap test was used to test the indirect relationships. The results of this study showed that all direct paths social support with psychological well-being were significant. Indirect pathways were also significant through satisfying basic psychological needs with psychological well-being. The proposed model had an acceptable fitness to the result and an important step in recognizing the effective factors in the psychological well-being of parents of exceptional children and can be useful as a model for designing and stress management programs and increased psychological well-being for this parents.

The purpose of the present study was to design and explain the causal model of academic adjustment based on personality traits with the mediating role of goal orientation. The research method was correlational and in particular structural equation modeling. The population consisted of all undergraduate students of Islamic Azad University of Marvdasht in the academic year of 2019-2020. The statistical sample consisted of 600 subjects who were selected through multistage cluster sampling and answered the Ederson et al. Academic Adaptation, McCreary & Costa's Personality Characteristics, Elliott and McGregor's Goal Orientation and the attributional styles of Patterson et al. questionnaires. The results indicated that the proposed model fits well. The indirect effect of neuroticism, extraversion, agreeableness, and conscientiousness on academic adjustment through goal orientations was significant. But the indirect effect of openness to experience on academic adjustment was not addictive. Based on the findings of the study, it can be concluded that goal orientation plays a mediating role in the relationship between personality traits and academic adjustment.

In this research, which was conducted under the title of Evaluating model of meditating marital boredom role in the relationship between self-differentiation, conflict resolution styles & marital expectations in predicting marital adjustment in married men & women in Kermanshah, the main purpose was to examine direct and indirect relationships between research variables, to determine their contribution to predicting marital adjustment. The research was descriptive & correlational type, & the statistical population was composed of all married men & women in Kermanshah in the autumn of 2019. 603 people were selected as the research sample by multi-stage cluster sampling method. The "LWMAT" Test & the DSI-R,"ROCI – II", AMS Sub Scale & "CBM" Questionnaires were the research tools. The evaluation of the proposed model was performed by using the statistical analysis of path analysis. The results showed that the indirect relationship between self-differentiation & marital adjustment through marital boredom (0.10) & the indirect relationship between dominant style & marital adjustment through marital boredom (-0.22) is significant

This study aimed to explain the causal model between self-regulated learning and self-efficacy with the mediating role of academic hope in high school students. The research method was descriptive and correlational and the sample size was 558 (248 girls and 310 boys) of second high school students (tenth, eleventh and twelfth grade) of Shiraz city in 2018-2019 who were chosen through Multi stage cluster random sampling. The instruments used in this study were: Pintrich and DeGrot (1990) Self-Regulated Learning Strategies Scale, Sohrabi & Samani Academic Hope Scale (2011) and Jinks and Morgan Student Self-Efficacy Scale (1999).In addition to descriptive statistics (mean, standard deviation and correlation matrix), inferential statistics (path analysis) in lisrel software were used to analyze the data collected from the sample population. The results of this study showed that: Academic hope plays a significant mediating role in the relationship between self-regulated learning and academic self-efficacy. Also, the causal model presented for learning self-regulation and self-efficacy with the mediating role of academic hope fits well. The results of this study can be used by teachers, school counselors and educational psychologists to increase students' self-efficacy and its effective factors.