Sociological Studies of Youth Journal
Volume:11 Issue: 36, Winter 2020

The concept of beauty is closely linked to gender in contemporary society; in this study, the concept of beauty was explored by the use of phenomenological techniques. For this purpose, an in-depth semi-structured interview was conducted among 35 young female students in Tehran. the sample of study was chosen by theoretical sampling model and the interviews were continued up to the point of  gaining theoretical saturation.After extracting the basic, secondary and intermediate concepts, the three main categories were defined as: general areas of beauty and signs, makeup and consumption, and mediaand the need for beauty and make-up. The results of this study indicate that makeup is defined as an important activity for young girls. Beauty and makeup are intertwined with people's life plans and are regulated by them; that is, the amount and manner of makeup of female students changes with their understanding of the culture of different environments, types and gender of the audience, the level of communication and type of activity. It can be stated that makeup allows girls to have multiple social relationships. In analyzing and interpreting the interviews, a wide range of reasons, such as increasing social capital, coercion or group ambiguity, building a new and self-identifying identity, and increasing self-confidence were identified for the explaination of why makeup is used.

One of the necessities of life in the modern era is to pay attention to the quality of life. The quality of life is defined and identified in four dimensions: mental health, physical health, environmental health and the quality of social relationships. This research study was descriptive-causal employing the survey method and the statistical population of the study was high school male students in Babol with a sample size of 350 people. Inspired by Lutz's psychological theory, psychological capital variable with four dimensions of  hope, resilience, optimism and self-efficacy and social capital variable also inspired by the theories of Putnam, Coleman and Bourdieu with three dimensions of social relations, trust,  and Participation were measured. The findings of the study showed that the quality of life were estimated to be low in about 12 percent of respondents, middle in 26 percent of them, and high in 62 percent of them. The findings of the study in evaluating the hypotheses indicate that psychological capital and all four dimensions have an impact on the quality of life, and this effect is positive and statistically significant. The results of regression analysis and path analysis showed that social capital had the highest share and influence among all predictors of quality of life and this effect was controlled by all other variables. That is, for one unit (standard deviation) of change in the social capital variable, one would expect that the quality of life among students would increase by 30 units. , For one unit of change in student family income, the quality of life changed 14 units, and for one unit of change in psychological capital, one can expect 11 units of change in the quality of life of students.

The present study was conducted to investigate the factors influencing ethnic solidarity among young people (18-30 years) in the Azeri regions of Khalkhal. Theoretical framework was presented using the theories Emile Durkheim, Ted Robert Gurr, George Homans, Anthony Giddens and others. The research method was survey, face validity was used and reliability was obtained by Cronbach's alpha coefficient (for dependent variable 0.85 and independent variable 0.87). The statistical population of the present study was all youths from Khalkhal, aged 18-30, who are estimated to be 22636 according to the latest statistics. Regarding the characteristics of the statistical population and its high population, 380 individuals were selected as the sample size using Cochran formula and multistage cluster sampling. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyze the data using SPSS software. Findings indicated that there was a significant relationship between the dependent variable of the ethnic solidarity and the independent variables of media use (r = 0.493), use of foreign media (r = -0.554), religiosity dimension (r = 0.631), religious ritual dimension (R = 0.732), emotional dimension of religiosity (r = 0.643), religious consequence dimension (r = 0.534), relative deprivation feeling (r = 0.631), western lifestyle tendency (r = 0.554), and the level of social cohesion (r = 0.657). Also, the results of multivariate regression showed that the independent variables entered in the equation accounted for 62% of the dependent variable changes.

Due to the harmful effects of crime on society, the majority of countries in the world have drawn up plans for preventing and reducing the crime rate, and through the various institutions (governmental and nongovernmental) they let. In Iran, various organs provide services and activities for the prevention of women's delinquency, including the Khomeini Relief Committee. The present study was descriptive-analytic in nature and library and field based study with a researcher-made questionnaire whose formal validity and reliability were confirmed. The research population consisted of directors, assistants and planners of Imam Khomeini Relief Committee in Tehran, randomly selected through random sampling. SPSS software and descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyze the data. The results show that the activities of the Imam Khomeini Relief Committee are carried out in six main areas of material measures, training courses, counseling services, employment, health services and dowry costs and marriage for the prevention of crime. The results of inferential tests have shown that all of the above measures are effective in reducing crime and preventing delinquency. Friedman's test has shown that material actions and the cost of dowry and marriage have the least impact on the prevention of crime from the most important educational measures and counseling courses. Although the Imam Khomeini Relief Committee is trying to prevent delinquency, the fact is that the state of crime prevention is not good enogh in our country for various reasons, such as the limited organization's programs, financial problems (lack of funds), structural problems, as well as the lack of institutionalization of the culture of preventing delinquency.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of cyberspace on the lifestyle of young female students. The statistical population of the study was 90 students of Shahid Modarres Girls School of Chenaran city. Considering the number of the population, the complete enumeration method was used to distribute the questionnaire. In general, two major methods of library and field methods have been used to collect data. The research questionnaire consisted of 55 items in two parts: cyberspace with 30 questions taken from Zendaniyan et.al (2013) and the lifestyle consisted of 99 items from Laali et al. (2012) research which was reduced to 25 items in Foroutan study (2013). SPSS 21 software was used for statistical analysis and Pearson correlation and regression methods were used to test the hypotheses. The reliability of the whole research tool based on Cronbach's alpha coefficient is 0.90. Research findings show that cyberspace with a correlation coefficient of 0.557 and amount of 30% affect students' lifestyle. Also, in terms of relationship with the family, cyberspace with a correlation coefficient of 0.508 and  25% amount and cyberspace in terms of educational status with a correlation coefficient of 0.268 and 6% amount, and cyberspace from a compatibility or adjustment point of view with a correlation coefficient of 0.421 and amount of 17% and cyberspace from the perspective of belief- theological status with correlation coefficient of 0.373 and amount of 13% and cyberspace in terms of mental status with a correlation coefficient of 0.225 and amount of 5% affects students' lifestyle. Creating restriction on the use of virtual social networks or negative propaganda is inconsistent with the results of this study but also, social and cultural contexts should be provided in this respect along with the values and norms of society.

This article seeks to analyze the sociological dimension of social modernization and its effect on family formation among university students in Golestan province. This article is based on data gathered by a survey on 400 young educated students, 18 to 50 years old, from all levels of university education in Golestan province. The stratified random sampling method  based on a given volume was used. Required information was collected by a valid and reliable questionnaire. Research findings show that there is a relationship between modernization and family formation. The indices of fit of goodness indicate that the overall effect of modernization of society on the family is approved. This means that people in the life of the factors modernization of society to further the work of slaves have, factors a family in it, and the more you than the other people have been . In other words, marriage and attitudes toward marriage modern than it had been . Although the arrival of some dimensions modernization of social change in a number of areas in the style of life of the people has changed, yet the population under study, compared to the resources of this change and its consequences ( at the level of the individual and society ) are open sighted knowledge and Of particular sensitivity .

Music is one of the human needs influenced by cultural and social factors. The aim of the present study was to investigate the sociological factors of intergenerational differences in the orientation towards music in the old and new generations (case study of Bushehr).The research method was survey and data were collected using a questionnaire.The research sample consisted of 247 people aged 15-16 in Bushehr who were selected through cluster sampling.The findings of this research show that cultural capital, religiosity, lifestyle, social capital and education variables have a positive and significant relationship with music orientation. There is also a significant negative correlation between age and music tendency. The rate of music tendency varies among young, middle aged, and adult generations. Young people (with a mean of 62.1 percent) have a higher music tendency than middle aged and adults. The tendency to music  among middle aged (with a mean of 57.9) is also higher than that of  adults (with a mean of 44.9).The results of regression show that in total  20.1 percent of the changes  in music tendency are  specified by independent variables. Social capital, age, and lifestyle have the greatest impact on the variable of music orientation.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of social capital on organizational commitment among employees of Sepah Bank of Gilan, Golestan and Mazandaran. The nature of the present study is survey research. The sample size was 328 persons and the stratified random sampling method was used. Data collection tool was a questionnaire and the data were analyzed by SPSS24 and Amos statistical software. Face validity was used to measure the validity of the questionnaire and Cronbach's alpha coefficient (reliability) of organizational commitment and social capital were 0.670 and 0.920.The findings of the study show that social capital is at medium to high levels and level of organizational commitment was medium to low. The results of Pearson correlation coefficient showed that there is a positive significant relationship between social capital and organizational commitment among Sepah Bank employees. As the amount of social capital increases, the organizational commitment of employees increases. Increases in the four dimensions (trust, awareness, cohesion, and participation) increase organizational commitment. Then, social awareness has a greater impact on organizational commitment. The result is that in order to improve organizational commitment, the social capital of employees must be addressed.