فصلنامه مطالعات آموزشی و آموزشگاهی
پیاپی 21 (پاییز و زمستان 1398)

The purpose of present study was to assess the application of curriculum mapping by elementary school teachers. This study is a descriptive survey. The participants of the study were chosen from all 420 teachers of elementary schools of Gachsaran city, in school year 97-98; 201 teachers were chosen as participants of this study through stratified random sampling. The instrumentation of this study consisted of self-made questionnaire which was made by the researcher using Jacobs’s seven-step framework (2004) in order to evaluate the application of curriculum mapping by elementary school teachers. The validity of the questionnaire was proved by the expert panel, and its reliability was assessed through a pilot study with 30 participants who were teachers; the Cranach’s Alpha was 87%. Collected data were analyzed through one-sample T-test. The results showed that generally, teachers of elementary schools acted poorly using seven steps of curriculum mapping introduced by Jacobs (2004) in order to assess implemented curriculum. In other words, teacher did not have a major role in assessing the way the curriculum mapping is implemented; while using this technique can provide a chance for modification and improvement of intended, implemented and attained curriculums. Implementation of programs and textbooks requires conditions such as satisfaction with the current situation, acquisition of knowledge and skills required by executives, availability of resources and facilities for hardware, software, finance, etc. to run, the necessary time to learn, adapt and reflect on the implementation by the presenters.

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of attachment styles in the speed of information processing. This study was a comparative type. From Najaf Abad high school students, 300 people by multi-stage cluster method were selected and completed attachment styles scale (Collins and Read, 1990). In the next step, based on entry criteria and extreme scores of attachment style questionnaire’s distribution three groups of 15 subjects (anxious ambivalent, avoidant and secure) were selected and evaluated via Speed-of-processing tests Zahlen-Verbindungs-Test and Coding Test (KDT). The end results analyzed using multivariate analysis of variance and post hoc tests. The results of multivariate analysis of variance and post hoc tests showed that information processing time of students have anxiety/avoidance attachment style is more than students with avoidant and secure attachment style. Also, the performance of students with secure attachment styles is better than students with attachment anxiety/avoidance and ambivalent. Based on the findings of this study, it can be said that attachment styles have pivotal role in cognitive processes.

Despite designing and implementing voluntary and free professional development programs, they’re not welcomed by FTEU faculty. The present paper, hence, aims at identifying deterrents of faculty participation in professional development programs. In doing so, grounded theory design was used and along the study 26 faculties were selected and interviewed using theoretical sampling. Interview data was analyzed using a 6 stage coding strategy developed by Auerbach and Silverstein, i.e. transcription, reading of the transcripts and identification of repeating ideas, construction of themes, creation of constructs, and theoretical narrative. The findings indicated that individual factors (self-perception, and job perception), situational factors (social status, and occupational status), and organizational factors (occupation, training, organizational culture, economy, and organizational structure) inhibit teacher educators from participating in professional development programs. The study also revealed that deterrents of participation are multifaceted and interrelated, deterring teacher educators from attending training programs.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of mindfulness based on cognitive Therapy on psychological well-being and academic stress in high school students. This research is an applied research. The research method was experimental design with pretest-posttest with control group. The statistical population of the study is all second grade high school students in Khorramabad city in the academic year of 2016-17. The study sample consisted of 30 people who randomly divided into experimental and control groups. The instrument used in this study was Reef Psychological Well-being Questionnaire (1989) and Perennial Educational Stress Cohen et al. (1983). The results of covariance analysis indicated that mindfulness based on cognitive therapy intervention increased psychological well-being and reduced students' academic stress. Therefore, it seems that by educating mindfulness, psychological well-being can be increased and students' academic stress can be reduced. Therefore, it is recommended to hold courses in this field in educational centers.

The aim of this study was to identify the main competencies of high school teachers from the perspective of education experts. The present study was conducted in a qualitative method with a grounded theory strategy. The statistical population of the study was all education experts of public universities in Tehran, that which 18 of whom were selected using targeted sampling. Data were collected through a semi-constructed interview. Smith’s coding method (2007) was used to analyze the data. Also, the validity of the research was investigated by members' review method. To increase the reliability of the research, the methods of conducting a systematic process of recording, recording and writing data (recording audio, conducting interviews and writing oral data) in all interviews and methodical data analysis and extraction Logical categories and macro-abstract abstract concepts were applied based on coding methods. According to the research findings, the main competencies of secondary school teachers from the perspective of education experts include "communication", "psychological", "service", "research", "individual" and "educational" skills. Each of which is made up of several sub-competencies. Recognizing and introducing these competencies in the country's teacher training system can help policy makers, managers and educational planners in adopting appropriate strategies to reduce the gap between the current and favorable situation in this field and improve the status of competency components.

The aim of this study was to investigate the factor structure and psychometric characteristics of the multidimensional questionnaire of Student engagement. The statistical population of this study consists of all students aged 18 to 30 of Razi University in the first semester of the academic year 1395-1396. The study sample consisted of 230 students who were selected by stratified random sampling method and answered the multidimensional questionnaire of academic enthusiasm, self-efficacy, self-regulatory scale and academic performance and academic procrastination scale (for Concurrent Validity). Reliability was assessed by calculating Cronbach's alpha coefficient. Factor analysis and Pearson correlation were used to analyze the data using. The results of factor analysis showed that the questionnaire consists of six saturated factors and appropriate fitness indicators. There was a positive and significant relationship between Student engagement and emotional, social, academic self-efficacy and academic self-regulation. There is also a negative relationship between Student engagement and academic procrastination. In the confirmatory factor analysis, 48 items were confirmed. The Persian version of the Student engagement scale in the student community has acceptable psychometric properties and can be used as a valid tool in psychological researches. This study provides promising evidence for the applicability of the Persian version of the Student engagement scale in the student population.

The aim of this research was to develop the causal model of relationship among computer attitude, statistics anxiety, statistical software self-efficacy and statistical software acceptance. Using the convenience sampling and according to the table of Krejcie and Morgan (1970), 260 master students at Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman who knew and worked with at least one statistical software were chosen as example. Using the questionnaire of statistical software acceptance (Hsu, Wang & Chiu, 2009), the scale of computer attitude (Harrison & Rainer, 1992), the scale of statistics anxiety (Cruise, Cash & Bolton, 1985), and the scale of statistical software self-efficacy (Compeau & Higgins, 1995) required data were collected and for their analysis of structural equation modeling was used. The results showed that both perceived usefulness and perceived ease of use positively influence students’ intention to use statistical software, whereas statistics anxiety has negative impact on all of them. In addition, computer attitude has positive effect on perceived usefulness and perceived ease of use, but statistical software self-efficacy has negative impact on perceived ease of statistical software and positive effect on perceived usefulness of use statistical software. Finally, it is concluded that the greatest software usage outcome would occur when a statistical software is perceived both useful and easy to use by the learners.

The purpose of this study was identifying the culture of teacher communication with colleagues, parents, and students in rural and multi-level schools in Lorestan province. Qualitative research method and descriptive ethnography were used. A sample of the study was 14 primary school teachers, which were selected through purposeful sampling and based on the theoretical saturation rate from the cooperative type which has been interviewed through semi-structured method. The content analysis method was used to analyze the findings. Findings of research showed that teachers had a positive communication culture and criticized communication in relationships with colleagues, parents, and students. The culture of teacher communication and collaboration with colleagues, parents, and students varied according to the environment, level of education, and expectations of colleagues, parents, and students. Following items, for positive relationships could be mentioned: the application of verbal and non-verbal communication principles for conveying lessons concepts to students, Briefing sessions for Parents, and Relationship with politeness and respect. Following items, for criticized Cultural communication could be mentioned: Teacher ‘malice and pessimism towards each other, The sense of negative competition, indifference and non- use of ideas amongst equal teachers, the importance of students after the material, not listening to the students 'voice, the parents' misleading expectations, and circular-based communication. The results of this study would be used to identify the cultural differences and the necessary measures regarding the conditions of multi-level classes in the educational system.

Organizational indifference is one of the main factors in reducing efficiency, frequent absence, non-accepting of responsibility, and the disappointment to work. This problem will be causing intellectual retardation, quiet fall and permanent and intangible destruction in the organization. Therefore, the aim of this study is to design a model for predicting organizational indifference based on organizational justice, organizational commitment and job satisfaction. The research method was descriptive-correlation and the statistical population of all female teachers of physical education in Alborz province with at least 5 years of service experience was 300 people. According to the Morgan's table, 246 of them were randomly selected. To collect data used from questionnaires including: organizational justice questionnaire of Neihoff and Moorman (1993), Spector's job satisfaction (1985), Steers Porter's organizational commitment questionnaire, and modified organizational indifference questionnaire of Danayeefard, Hassanzadeh and Salariyeh (2010). For formal and content validity, Corrective comments 11 experts were used. Also, Cronbach's alpha coefficient showed that the reliability of the four questionnaires is acceptable. Data were analyzed bay using Pearson correlation and structural equation modeling and Amos software. Path analysis results showed that proposed model it has a good fit with the data obtained in this research. Moreover, organizational justice and job satisfaction, directly and indirectly, and organizational commitment directly affect organizational indifference. According to the results, in order to advance the goals of physical education in schools, managers and administrators should pay more attention to the variables of individual and organizational behavior of physical education teachers.

The purpose of this study is to identify the factors affecting the ranking of the middle school and design a model for it. The present study applied in terms of purpose, and in terms of method. The research community in the qualitative section included 12 specialists in the field of educational administration who selected in a purposeful manner. In the quantitative section, there were 406 secondary school principals in Tehran. The sample size was 198 people based on the Cochran's formula, which selected by multistage clustering method. To conduct the research, first, by studying the theoretical foundations and interviewing the experts, the effective factors and components in the ranking system of secondary schools were identified. The questionnaire was designed using the extracted components. In order to analyze the data in the qualitative section, the interviews coded and analyzed using NVivo qualitative software and in the quantitative section, confirmatory factor analysis was performed with SPSS software. The results showed that the factors influencing the school ranking system included eight components: "educational affairs" in the first place, "educational affairs" in the second place, "professional affairs" in the third place, "service affairs" in the fourth place, "leadership affairs". In the fifth place, "evaluation affairs" are in the sixth place, "research affairs" are in the seventh place and "capital affairs" are in the eighth place, which in the school ranking system explains 69.143% of the variance. Finally, based on the "identified" factors, the final research model has been developed using confirmatory factor analysis.

The purpose of this study is presenting a causal model of factors affecting the formation of the knowledge required by high school teachers in technology integration. In terms of objectives, this study is an applied research and in terms of method of collecting and analyzing data it is a descriptive and correlational research. The participants were 255 high school teachers in Shiraz city (based on Cochran Formula) who were selected through stratified random and cluster sampling method among 5824 in service teachers in Shiraz in 1393-1394. This study employed a combination of instruments to collect data: the Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge (TPACK) instrument developed and validated by Sahin (2011) for evaluating CK, PK, PCK, and TCK and Chai, et al. (2011) questionnaire for assessing TK, TPK and TPACK, the Intrapersonal Technology Integration Scale (ITIS) instrument developed and validated by Niederhauser and Perkmen (2008); the Teachers’ Sense of Self- Efficacy Scale instrument developed and validated by Tschannen-Moran and Woolfolk Hoy (2001). The path analysis was used to examine the research hypotheses. Findings showed that significant positive correlations exist between the TPACK constructs. CK and PK had direct and indirect effects on TPACK, while TK had only indirect effect on TPACK. Content Knowledge had the greatest total effect on TPACK.

The purpose of current research was to study the correlation between hardiness and extroversion with academic performance. Sample size in this research was 230 individuals. The data was collected through the “hardiness scale” developed by Bartone (1992) along with the “extroversion subscale of neo-ffi scale” (1985). Also for measuring of the academic performance, we used students’ educational report. The outcome of the research shows relationship between hardiness and academic performance being both positive and significant. In addition, although all subscales of hardiness had positive correlation with academic performance but only commitment and control components had‎‎‎ significant‎‎‎‎‎ relationship with academic performance. In general, result shows although there was not significant relationship between extroversion and academic performance, students who have more hardiness also do better in academic performance. Thus, we conclude that there is a relationship between some of the psychological components of hardiness such as commitment, control with academic performance and hardiness could predict the academic performance.

This study aims to Examining the relationship between organizational justice and job satisfaction with teachers unethical behavior. According to the mediating role of organizational commitment was made. The research method is descriptive which it has used path analysis. The population in this study included 4625 boys and girls high school teachers in Isfahan in the academic year is 2016-17 and of these 357 cases using the table as a sample Cohen et al The questionnaires of organizational justice, Neihoff and Moorman (1996), Organizational commitment of Allen and Meyer (1990), Job satisfaction, Smith, Kendal & Hullin (1969) And unethical behaviors Peterson (2002) responded. For the analysis of the data path analysis using Lisrel software was used. The findings showed that negative behaviors negatively correlated with job satisfaction, satisfaction with payment and peer satisfaction. Path analysis findings also showed that continuous commitment, work satisfaction, satisfaction with payment, and peer co-operation on non-ethical behaviors have a direct effect. From the findings, it is concluded that with the increase in job satisfaction and continuous commitment and the dependence of teachers on their jobs, the schools of immoral behavior are reduced.