Journal of Chemical Health Risks
Volume:10 Issue: 3, Summer 2020

The removal of cadmium ions from aqueous solution by Zea mays husk (HK), stalk (SK), cob (CB) and seed chaff (SC) which are wastes generated after harvesting or processing this cereal were studied and compared. Batch adsorption studies were utilized to decide the impact of different parameters on the process. Cadmium ion uptake by the adsorbents increased with increase in pH from 3 – 6, with HK and CB showing a steady increase as pH changed. The removal efficiency of all the adsorbents increased with adsorbent dose. However, after 0.4 g load of adsorbent, the removal efficiency of SC became independent of adsorbent load. The maximum adsorption capacity of HK, SK and CB was attained in 12 minutes while SC reached this point in 9 minutes. The adsorption equilibrium data for all the adsorbents fitted well in the Freundlich isotherm model. The adsorption intensities of all the adsorbents from this model were greater than 1, and indicated that metal ion adsorption by these adsorbents were favourable physical processes. The rate of cadmium ion adsorption onto the adsorbents was better explained by the pseudo second-order kinetic model. The calculated equilibrium adsorption capacity of HK (16.36 mg/g) and SK (13.51 mg/g) showed that they had potentials for commercial application in the remediation of cadmium ion polluted water.

Considering the importance of milk in our daily diet and the increased environmental pollutants, it is important to assess heavy metals in milk. This study seeks the idea of concentration of some heavy metals in packaging milks collected from 22 districts in Tehran. Moreover, the focuses on heavy metals are checked with the recommended permissible amounts. The samples are analyzed by pulsed ultrasonography and anodic pulse techniques. The polarography apparatus is used for this investigation. This device comprises of three workups of estimating, solubilizing, and clear qualities. Each time a cradle, test, and standard is included, these three stages finish. Each time including the above gauge, which is a similar bend underneath the chart, is plotted by the gadget. According to the program given to the device, the device repeats its work three times every 3 steps and adds buffer, sample, and standard. The ranges obtained from the mean Cd, Cu, Zn, and Pb correspondingly are in raw milk 0.099±0.116, 2.424±4.017, 4.990±6.244, 0.271±0.640 μg.ml-1, in packaging milk (pasteurized and sterilized) 0.049±0.037, 0.228±0.188, 0.999±0.873, 0.048±0.033 μg.ml-1 respectively. In almost all cases, concentrations of sub-metals allowed limitations and health concerns for milk and dairy consumption. The amount of all four heavy metals in raw milk was greater than that in pasteurized milk. This alteration was significant for Zinc, Lead, and Copper, but not significant for Cadmium.

New complexes of quercetin esterification with alpha linolenic acid (ALA) and linoleic acid (LA) were applied as inhibitor of tyrosinase as the main melanogenesis.enzyme The most abundant flavonoid compound, quercetin was considered as the base of esterification with poly unsaturated fatty acids (PUFA). The new derivatives including quercetin- ALA (complex I) and quercetin- LA (complex II) were designed and their impacts on mushroom tyrosinase (MT) were assessed by experimental and theoretical studies. The new complexes I and II were induced competitive inhibition on tyrosinase enzyme with Ki of 0.59 and 0.40 mM, respectively. The molecular analysis of docking revealed that the complex II has a better ability to interact with enzyme than the complex I and the nature of interactions was obeyed from hydrophobic manner. So, the esterification of quercetin by above mentioned fatty acids achieved strength inhibitors against tyrosinase and because of their abundant in natural sources and importance in lifestyle, it is proposed to utilize them in medicine, cosmetics, agriculture and food industries. Their other biological properties need more investigations.

About 15% of patients with diabetes develop a Diabetic foot ulcer (DFU). It is an open sore or wound commonly located on the bottom of the foot.ANGIPARS™ is an Iranian-produced herbal remedy based on the extract of Melilotus officinalis. The aim of this study was to make a systematic review focused on determination of the effect of ANGIPARS™ on wound healing in patients with diabetes. The study was conducted in accordance with the PRISMA guidelines. Articles included in the review cover the period from the discovery of ANGIPARS™ to August 18, 2018. The data were analyzed using a descriptive method of Excel 2007 Software.Five articles with total number of 171 patients were included in the systematic review (SR) phase. In three articles, the methods were based on mm2 units and in the two others on cm2 units. Patients' follow-up varied from 4 weeks to 6 months after the intervention. In all patients, ANGIPARS™ responds well to the DFU disease. Due to the positive effect of the herbal drug, it is recommended to administer it for wound healing in patients with diabetes.

This study aimed to evaluate current lead concentration (Pb) in topsoil, grass, blood and milk, ALAD activity, hemoglobin (Hb) and hematocrit (Hct) i cows (Simmental breed), rearing in three villages situated in different distances from the smelter “Trepça”: Kalemend 2km, Boletin 3km and Zazhë 5km and Koliq 40km. The Pb concentration in samples is measured by atomic absorption spectrometry ( AAS), blood ALAD activity is measured according the CEC standardized method. Pb concentration in topsoil and grass in the three villages from smelter is higher (P<0.001) than Pb concentration in reference. Blood lead level (BLL) in cows from smelter area is higher (P<0.001) than in control. Milk lead level (MLL) in cows from smelter area is higher compared with control. Blood ALAD activity in cows from smelter area is significantly (P<0.001) inhibited compared with control. There is adverse correlation (r=-0.812, P<0.001) between BLL and ALAD activity in cows from Kelmend, A positive correlation   ((r=0.987, P<0.001) is established between BLL and MLL in cows from Boletin. There is no significant difference of Hb and Hct values among each group of cows. There was progressive decrease of Pb concentration in topsoil, grass, blood and milk with increasing distance from the smelter. ALAD activity is proved as sensitive and useful biomarker at very low BLLs in cows. The vicinity of smelter still poses threat for livestock welfare and human health.

Biosorption of Zn(II) from aqueous solution by biomass marine alga, namely Gracilaria corticata was investigated in this paper. Four independent variables, including initial zinc concentration (50-150 mg L-1), initial solution pH (3-7), contact time (10-50 min), and biomass amount (1-2 g/100mL) were studied in the biosorption process. Optimization of the process conditions for maximizing Zn(II) removal from aqueous solutions by Gracilaria corticata was carried out using Box-Behnken design, including response surface methodology (RSM) based on 27 different experimental data. The optimal operating conditions for 95.0% removal of Zn(II) were as follows: initial zinc concentration of 100 mg L-1, initial solution pH of 5, contact time of 30.5 min, and biomass amount of 2 g/100 mL. In addition, the equilibrium isotherms were described by investigation of Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms. The Freundlich adsorption isotherm model well matched the experimental data (R2 = 0.981). The kinetic data fitted pseudo-second order model with a correlation coefficient of 0.9953. Gracilaria corticata was found to be well applicable for zinc removal based on the experimental results.

Vitamin D deficiency is a major global problem. The relationship between serum vitamin D level, ischemic stroke severity, and the resulted lesion volume is controversial. This study is aimed at investigating the relationship between serum vitamin D level, severity of ischemic stroke, and lesion volume compared to the control group. This analytic cross-sectional study was performed on 93 ischemic stroke patients compared to the control group during 2019. Brain imaging, lesion volume measuring, and record were performed for all patients. Severity of stroke was assessed by MRS score at the time of admission and discharge. Serum 25(OH) D levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). In the end, the data were analyzed by SPSS19 software. The mean ±standard deviation of vitamin D was 28.78±9.5 ng.ml-1 with the range of (10-49) in patients, and 29.11±8.7 with range of (12-51) in control group. Vitamin D level significantly decreased depending on age (P=0.003). The mean vitamin D levels had a significant negative relationship with the first and second MRS scores (P<0.001). Mean vitamin D levels had a significant negative relationship with the severity of stroke and lesion volume (P<0.001). Reduced vitamin D serum level is associated with higher severity of stroke and lesion volume.

A new 5-chloro-1-ethyl-2-methylimidazole-4-sulfonyl-8-quinolinoxide was synthesized starting from diethyloxalate via a four-reaction step. The new compound obtained in a simple and efficient procedure in the solvent and solvent-free with good yield and methanol served as a precipitating agent to isolate compound 2. The purity of 5-chloro-1-ethyl-2-methylimidazole-4-sulfonyl-8-quinolinoxide was tested by thin-layer chromatography (TLC) and characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), proton nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), Carbon-13 (C13) nuclear magnetic resonance (13C-NMR), and DEPT 135 to confirm the presence and nature of CH2. The solvent-free reaction of compound 1 was better in relation to green chemistry and better yield. The presence of solvent responsible for a color change that differentiates between compound 1 and 2 as they have the same physical data, functional group, and the chemical shift studied. The newly synthesized compound was evaluated and screened in vitro against Gram-positive (methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, and Bacillus subtilis), Gram-negative (Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, and Klebsiella pneumoniae) bacterial strains, and Candida albicans using the standard microbiological method. 5-Chloro-1-ethyl-2-methylimidazole-4-sulfonyl-8-quinolinoxide exhibited weak activities when compared with the standard drug ciprofloxacin and itraconazole used for many bacterial and fungal infections respectively.