فصلنامه نقشه و اطلاعات مکانی گیلان
سال چهارم شماره 3 (پیاپی 12، پاییز 1398)

There is no risk to the avoidance system, but identifying and evaluating the risk is essential to reducing or counteracting it. In this article, using GIS data of Golestan Electricity Distribution Company, spatial and descriptive information of insulators including insulator life, shape, structure and arrangement of insulators of 20 kV lines are distributed, extracted and based on statistical and experimental information. Insulators and some meteorological parameters, using the model of the backup vector machine, the parameters of which are optimized by the particle density method, the estimated surface electrical failure rate and the risk risk associated with the relevant feeder are specified. Finally, by calculating the model error and comparing it with the actual values, the correctness of the model is discussed and based on the proposed model, the status of the system and high-risk lines are determined and measures are taken to prevent certainty and damage in the system.

Urban heat islands (UHI) is one of the most substantial phenomena related to urbanization defined by the air temperature increase of cities compared to their rural surroundings. Due to the effects of urban geometry on changing energy balance, it is considered to be one of the most important factors in the formation of UHI. One of the most important indexes of defining urban geometry is the aspect ratio parameter, which is defined by the ratio of building height to street width in urban canyons. So far, various models have been developed to simulate the intensity of UHI, and Oke's model is one of the most successful models. This model uses the aspect ratio index. Since Oke's model require descriptive and spatial analysis (especially topological analysis), the use of Geospatial Information Systems (GIS) is inevitable. This study examines the effects of urban geometry on nocturnal UHI intensity of 10 urban canyons in Golsar District of Rasht, by Oke's model and using GIS tools. The results show the canyons with higher aspect ratios intensify the nocturnal UHI, while the canyons with lower aspect ratio leads to lower UHI intensity.

The purpose of this study is to investigate the changes in land surface temperature and evapotranspiration in relation to the standard vegetation cover index using GIS in Minoodasht city. In this study, we used satellite images of the Terra Modis satellite for the years 2001–2016. The satellite image is from January 1, 2005 to January 31, 2016. To evaluate the Seabull model, evapotranspiration was calculated using Penman Monteith and Hargreaves Samani methods and calculated using vegetation growth coefficient and compared with the evapotranspiration obtained from the Seabull algorithm and also to estimate the ground surface temperature of the images. Landsat 5 band 6 satellite which is thermal or thermal band was used. The results showed that the parameter of the coherent vegetation and the surface temperature of the earth changes in the opposite direction to evapotranspiration. So that in areas with good and dense vegetation and low ground temperature, evapotranspiration is more than other areas.

KARKAS Mountain is the highest peak in  Natanz, Kashan .On the one hand due to the diversity of geomorphologic units for example diversity of heights, tilt of hillsides, valleys, types of faults, and age of rock units, types of units, glaciers, and sediment, on the other hand, due to geomorphic processes such as tectonics, dry and hot to cold  period of climate, luxuriant vegetation and some areas without vegetation, landslides, and rock debris it can be described as a place for research in geology sciences.. This paper studies geomorphology of KARKAS Mountain and tries to interpret variety of forms and processes by using GIS. Due to the introduction of the gradient of the mountain, evidence and the fact that the slopes are currently active by internal earth activities (the dynamic forces), we conclude that, especially on the northern slopes of the mountains above 1700 meters high, it is very sensitive and its morphologic changes are happening very rapidly.