مجله دانشگاه علوم پزشکی شهید صدوقی یزد
سال بیست و هشتم شماره 3 (پیاپی 163، خرداد 1399)

Pyoderma gangrenosum (PG) of the breast is a rare that present as a painful ulcer on the skin. It usually affects people in their 20s to 50s and occurs in both men and women. Typically, PG affects the legs in adults. In children, it may affect the legs, buttocks, head, and neck. Pyoderma gangrenosum is characterized by a papule, nodule, or pustule that progresses to an injured lesion with unknown boundaries. In this study, a case of Pyoderma gangrenosum is introduced after breast surgery.A 38-year-old woman with a 3 cm wound in the right breast area that has gradually grown has been examined for exudative bloody discharge for the past 2 weeks. Two weeks after breast surgery, a three-centimeter progressive wound has formed on the surface of the breast, which gradually grew larger. During treatment, several oral and injectable antibiotics were prescribed that have not been effective in healing the wound. A biopsy lesion was reported in which a non-specific skin lesion with hyperplasia and vesicle formation without malignancy was reported. The patient had no gastrointestinal symptoms. Infliximab was started and continued for the patient.

In the differential diagnosis of resistant skin wounds, especially in the leg area, and in this case in the breast the diagnosis of pyoderma gangrenosome should always be considered.
Even if the patient has no history of inflammatory bowel disease, pyoderma gangrenosum may occur before intestinal manifestations.

Introduction Alzheimer disease (AD), known to be a leading cause of dementia that causes heavy social and financial burdens worldwide, characterized by progressive loss of neurons and synaptic connectivity after depositions of amyloid-β (Aβ) protein.AD manifests as an impaired ability to comprehend or use words, poor coordination and gait, and impaired executive functions in the realms of planning, ordering and making judgments. Generally, classification of AD includes familial and sporadic AD. Current therapies for AD patients can only alleviate symptoms, but cannot deter the neural degeneration, thus providing no long-term recovery. Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that have a potential to produce many different cell types in the body. A vast amount of data indicates the potential of stem cell therapy for various neurological diseases. Several studies revealed that neurons and glial cells have successfully been differentiated from various stem cells. Thus, in this article, we review the treatment of Alzheimer disease by various types of stem cells.

Introduction Celiac disease is an autoimmune disease caused by persistent intolerance to gluten, which is causedin people who are genetically predisposed. The disease presents with atrophy of the small intestinal mucosa and gastrointestinal and extra-gastrointestinal manifestations.Environmental factors like gluten and genetic factors such as HLA and non-HLA genes are involved in causing the disease.Mucosal atrophy results from an adaptive and innate immune response to gluten. T-helper, interleukin 15 and tumor necrosisfactor-alpha have a central role in this process. Recognize the risk of genetic factors and inflammatorymechanisms will help diagnose and treat the disease.

Menopause is the natural termination of menstruation, which affects the quality, and important aspects of women life. The aim of this study was to investigate regular resistance training along with vitamins D and calcium intake in the pre-menopausal period on bone mineral density (BMD) in rats.

 In this experimental study, the rats were randomly divided into control groups, placebo, vitamin D, calcium, resistance training, vitamin D + calcium, vitamin D + resistance training, calcium + resistance training, vitamin D + calcium + resistance training. Control and placebo groups were fed with a standard diet and sesame oil, respectively. Ovariectomy was done after two months of resistance training (Ex), calcium (35 mg/kg) and vitamin D (10000 IU) administration. BMD and bone mineral content (BMC) were measured. Hematoxylin-eosin staining was performed to examine bone total diameter and osteoclast and osteocyte cell numbers. The statistical analysis was done by a one-way analysis of variance (SPSS 20).

There was an increasing trend in BMD lumbar of the Ex group (P<0.001) in comparison with the control group. The amount of bone mineral in the whole body in calcium and calcium + resistance groups was higher than the control group (P <0.05). BMC total in the vitamin D, calcium + resistance training, vitamin D + resistance training and calcium + vitamin D + resistance-training groups was lower than the other groups. Osteoclast cell numbers were decreased in Ex, Vit D+Ex (P<0.05), Ca+Vit D, Ca+Ex and Ex+Vit D+Ca groups (P<0.001) compared to the control group, also, osteocyte numbers were decreased in VitD, Ca+Vit D (P<0.05), Ex, Vit D+Ex, and Ex+Vit D+Ca groups (P<0.001).

Regular resistance exercise, vitamin D and calcium supplements in pre-menopausal period can improve BMD and BMC and delay the process of osteoporosis in postmenopausal period.

Industrialization and the growing of urbanization have increased the amount of contamination and have a devastating impact on the population health; the aim of this study was the relationship between pollutants and some climatic parameters on mortality of heart and respiratory diseases in Shiraz

The study was an analytical one. Firstly, daily data on climate elements (temperature, humidity, pressure, wind) from Shiraz Meteorological Office (2004-2014), daily information on air pollutants (CO, PM, NO2, SO2, O3) from Shiraz General Environment Department and cardiovascular and respiratory mortality rates from Shiraz University of Medical Sciences was collected, respectively. Data were analyzed using software SPSS ver. 22; statistical methods and correlation coefficients of monthly, seasonal and monthly averages and mortality rates were investigated.

Results of this study indicated that there was a significant correlation between the parameters of the climate (humidity, pressure, temperature and wind) and deaths from cardio - vascular and respiratory diseases at the level of 0.99 and 0.95 (**=P<0/01, *=P<0/05). There was a statistical difference between the mortality rates in different seasons in Shiraz and the mortality rates caused by the cardio vascular and respiratory diseases were relatively more sensitive to climate parameters.

In general, during the statistical period, no polluted day was observed in polluted O3, NO2 in Shiraz City, relationships between other pollutants and mortality rates were significant. This correlation is shown by a 1-5 day delay for pollutants of CO, PM10and 6-10 days for pollutants of SO2.

Aging is a complex process and is considered as a risk factor for many diseases such as hypertension, Alzheimer, cancer, depression and anxiety. Recently, it has been shown that metformin, an anti-diabetic drug, has important neurological effects such as preventing memory loss, stroke, anxiety, inflammation and seizures. Therefore, the aim of this study was investigating the effects of metformin on some cognitive factors in elderly male rats.

24 rats (22 months) were randomly divided into 3 groups (n=8). The first group was the control group that received water orally, the second group received metformin 1 mg/kg orally and the third group received metformin 10 mg/kg orally. After treatment for 40 days (once daily), behavioral tests, including Y-maze, elevated plus maze and depression test were performed on animals. Results were analyzed using GraphPad Prism version 6 and One-way ANOVA followed by Tukey-post hoc test.

The results of this study showed that metformin at a dose of 10 mg/kg significantly reduced anxiety (P<0.001) and depression (P<0.001) in older animals. Metformin at a dose of 1 mg/kg failed to improve aging-related disorders in this model.

Metformin at a dose of 10 mg/kg can reduce the quality of life by reducing anxiety and depression.

Evidence suggests increased oxidative stress and improved total antioxidant status resulting from regular exercise in the heart tissue of diabetic patients. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of 8 weeks of increasing endurance training on the levels of antioxidant enzymes and the total antioxidant status of the cardiac tissue of diabetic mice.

In this experimental study, 24 Wistar male rats (aged 10 weeks and weighing 256±11.8 g) were divided into 4 groups of 6.The training program lasted for 8 weeks with increasing endurance training. It was measured 48 hours after the completion of the protocol levels of antioxidant enzymes (catalase, glutathione, and glutathione peroxidase) and the total antioxidant status of rat heart tissue. One-way analysis of variance test was used for intergroup comparisons and Pearson test was used to investigate the relationship between indicators.

The results showed a significant difference in total antioxidant status, catalase and glutathione (P = 0.001) and were not significant in glutathione peroxidase (P = 0.240). Moreover, a follow-up test showed a significant increase in total antioxidant status and catalase (healthy exercise, healthy control, and diabetic exercise compared to diabetic control), Glutathione (healthy exercise (P = 0.001) and healthy control (P = 0.049) compared to diabetic control); (Healthy exercise (P = 0.003) compared to diabetic exercise. Finally, some correlations between antioxidant enzymes and total antioxidant status were significant.

According to research results, increasing endurance training appears to increase levels of antioxidant enzymes and improve total antioxidant status, thereby it reduces oxidative stress in the heart tissue of diabetic mice.

Despite the beneficial roles of nitric oxide, its excessive synthesis causes neurodegenerative diseases. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to compare the nitric oxide changes in the hippocampal tissue and the pain sensation of male Parkinson's rats after 6 weeks of continuous and interval training.

In this experimental study, 24 Wistar male rats were used. Rats were treated with Parkinson's using reserpine, and then divided into four groups (n=6). Aerobic exercise was performed for 6 weeks and 5 sessions per week. The duration of training increased from the first to the sixth week, it increased from 15 minutes on the first day to 40 minutes in the sixth week. The interval group performed the specified duration of the exercise twice in the first week, four times in the second to fourth weeks, and six times in the fifth to sixth weeks. At the end of 6 weeks, pain sensation was measured using formalin test and then rats were sacrificed. The tissue of the hippocampus was separated, and nitric oxide was measured using the ELISA method and special kits. The results were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance and LSD follow-up.

The results showed that Parkinson's disease increased nitric oxide levels (p ≤0.05). Continuous and interval aerobic exercise reduced nitric oxide (p ≤0.05). There was no significant difference between the two training groups (p ≤0.68). In addition, Parkinson's control group showed a significant increase in pain compared to the control group (p ≤0.01). Two types of exercise reduced pain (p ≤0.05), but there was no significant difference between the two groups (p≤0.23).

According to the findings of this study, continuous and periodic aerobic exercise reduced nitric oxide levels and pain in the rats of the Parkinson's model.