فهرست مطالب
Journal of Health Scope
Volume:9 Issue: 3, Aug 2020
- تاریخ انتشار: 1399/06/17
- تعداد عناوین: 11
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Page 1Background
Female genital mutilation/cutting (FGM/C) may increase the risk of health consequences in girls and women. Public health policies and guidelines on providing care for this target group should be implemented in the healthcare services.
ObjectivesThe aim of this brief report was to introduce innovations in Swedish healthcare for women and girls who have been subjected to FGM/C in order to advance our knowledge and understanding the adoption, implementation, and potential scale-up of healthcare services for this target group in Iran.
MethodsData were collected from a register study, an inventory of regional guidelines in Sweden, and a literature review.
ResultsThe results show that care offers can be categorized as obstetric and gynecological care, psychosexual consulting, and plastic surgery. The results can be adapted and implemented in an Iranian context by preparing guidelines for providing care for this target group at the region, province, and country level.
ConclusionsAnother suggestion for improvement of care for women and girls exposed to FGM/C in Iran is the use of diagnosis codes recommended by WHO to register, map, and follow up these patients. Obstetric and gynecological, plastic surgery, psychosexual consulting may be recommended to provide person-centered care.
Keywords: Treatment, Iran, Healthcare, Female Genital Mutilation Cutting (FGM C), Sweden -
Page 2Background
It is extremely useful to construct mathematical models to forecast and control real phenomena. One of the common applied statistical models to represent the data involving with time is the time series modeling. A novel time series model to represent the propagation of an epidemic infection in a population is presented. The model deals with addressing the cumulative number of confirmed cases.
MethodsOur model is the generalization of statistical exponential growth models and can describe different stages of the outbreak of a communicable disease. Applying the mentioned procedure leads to models CVJR1 (3.2, 1.44, 3, 13) for modeling the sequence of COVID-19 from January 13 to March 5. All computations and 200 simulations were done in MatLab 8.6.
ResultsFor comparing candidates through fitting the dataset for six pairs of (lˆ
and aˆ), we used the minimum criterion square of residuals. We present the average and 90% upper and lower bounds of the predictions made by our models for three periods. Applying the mentioned procedure led to having models with parameters (3.2, 1.44, 3, 13) for modeling the course of COVID-19 from January 13 to March 5.ConclusionsThe presented model can cover the epidemic behaviors related to social networks. Our model can be adjusted to worldwide modeling for modeling a phenomenon spreading in different populations simultaneously.
Keywords: Estimation, Model, Epidemic, Spreading, COVID-19, SARS -
Page 3Background
Toxic heavy metals, such as lead, are widely used in industry and may cause serious health problems and ecological hazards for living organisms.
ObjectivesThe current study aimed to investigate the removal efficiency of lead by Lactobacillus strains using a methodological approach.
MethodsAfter selecting the bacteria with the maximum metals removal ability, experiments were conducted according to (i) the Plackett-Burman design (Minitab18 program) to screen several significant process factors and (ii) Central Composite Design (Design-Expert 11.1.2.0 program) to find out the optimum process conditions for the maximum capacity of metal removal efficiency.
ResultsThe optimum pH, metal, and bacterial concentration were 6.76, 391 mg.L-1, and 4.60 g.L-1 for lead removal ability of L. acidophilus ATCC4356. A quadratic model was developed to correlate the variables with removal efficiency. According to the results, this model was not statistically significant (P > 0.05).
ConclusionsThe experimental removal efficiencies at the optimum condition for lead by L. acidophilus ATCC4356 (73.9%) were consistent with the predicted values. Consequently, due to their appreciate efficiency and the lower cost of the lead removal ability, these two bacteria may be a candidate as good biosorbents. The results also confirmed that the Response Surface Methodology is an appropriate methodology for modeling of removal efficiency.
Keywords: Lead, Lactic Acid Bacteria, Response Surface Methodology (RSM) -
Page 5Background
Resource allocation is one of the major challenges of health systems. Various criteria are used to allocate health resources worldwide.
ObjectivesThe current study aimed to identify and prioritize key factors related to the resource allocation in the health sector of the Iranian Oil Industry using the Decision-Making Trial and Evaluation Laboratory (DEMATEL) method.
MethodsThis cross-sectional case study was conducted in two main phases during 2017. In the first phase, the literature review and interviews with experts (n = 6) were used to identify initial criteria for resource allocation. Then, considering the views of high and middle managers in the health sector of the Iranian Oil Industry, the final criteria were selected. In the second phase, the DEMATEL technique was used to assess the interactions among the selected criteria.
ResultsA total of nine criteria were entered into the DEMATEL final questionnaire. Criteria were divided into two main groups of influencing and influenced factors. The high-level documents and general policies of the health system (C1), the burden of diseases (C2), the number of population covered (C4), the infrastructure of the covered regions (C5), and population health needs (C8) were among factors that influenced other factors. Factors such as current budget (C3), the expected benefits of people (C6), the expected benefits of policymakers (C7), and the financial returns of the resource allocation (C9) were among the factors that were influenced by other factors. The number of covered population (C4) and the infrastructure of the regions (C5) were not influenced by other factors but could affect other factors. High-level documents (C1) and the burden of diseases (C2) were identified as independent factors.
ConclusionsWhile allocating resources, policymakers should pay particular attention to influencing factors. The number of population covered in each region and the infrastructure available in each region were identified as key and important criteria in the resource allocation process. It is suggested that these factors be considered while allocating resources to different regions of the country.
Keywords: Health Sector, DEMATEL, Resources Allocation -
Page 6Background
Appropriate breastfeeding reduces health disorders and death among infants.
ObjectivesThe present study was conducted to evaluate the effects of educational intervention based on the extended theory of planned behavior.
MethodsIn this semi-experimental study, 168 pregnant women from 20 health centers were allocated into intervention and control groups by a multi-stage sampling method. The data collecting tool included demographic and constructs of an extended theory of planned behavior. The validity and reliability of the questionnaire were confirmed by an expert panel and Cronbach's alpha test, respectively. The educational methods encompassed face to face training, pamphlet and flashcards distribution, and clip presentation. Two 45-minute educational sessions were conducted; the data were recollected 6 months after the delivery.
ResultsThe mean ages of the intervention and control group were 29 ± 6 and 28.7 ± 5.9. The pregnancy rate and age of the pregnancy in the intervention group were 2.7 ± 1.4 and 29 weeks, respectively. After the intervention, the mean score of the behavior in the intervention group increased compared to the control group. The intention (B = 0.4, P = 0.01) and perceived behavior control (B = 0.42, P = 0.03) were the predictors of the behavior.
ConclusionsThe structures of the extended theory of planned behavior are suitable framework to promote exclusive breastfeeding among pregnant women.
Keywords: Education, Pregnant Women, Exclusive Breast Feeding -
Page 10Background
Accreditation is the most powerful evaluation tool to validate a health care organization’s attainment of standards set by an external peer review team.
ObjectivesThis study was done to identify and develop a comprehensive framework of standards affecting the performance of limited surgery centers.
MethodsThis mixed-method study was conducted in 2019. Twenty experts were selected by the snowball sampling method. Initially, the basic concepts of criteria were designed according to the result of expert interviews. Then, 20 experts were asked to rate the importance of each criterion qualitatively based on a 5-point Likert scale from highly important to unimportant. Experts’ opinions were inquired in three stages, followed by rating and determining the content impact of the extracted standards using the DEMATEL method.
ResultsThe conceptual model and then the initial model were designed. The basic conceptual model was identified in three main domains of patient safety, clinical care, and management and leadership. The highest weight was related to “safe discharge and follow-up of the patient”, which gained the first priority. “Prevention and management of common surgical complications”, “infection prevention”, “continuing post-surgical care”, “imidate and emergency care”, and “surgical and anesthesia care” had the second to sixth priority among the ten subfactors, respectively.
ConclusionsAccording to our findings, the formulation of the standards of the limited surgical centers should be more focused on the safety and management of surgical complications.
Keywords: Limited Surgery Center, Accreditation, Standards -
Page 11
The COVID-19 pandemic has provided a substantial impetus for the rapid expansion of digital health services worldwide. With the rule of social distancing and quarantine following the outbreak of Coronavirus infection in many countries, special attention has been made to telecardiology as one of the best alternatives to traditional in-person cardiac care. The imposition of unprecedented restrictions on close encounters in almost all sectors, including health care necessitated the expansion of telemedicine and digital health in cardiology services (telecardiology). This paper highlights the benefits and potential risks of the rapid adoption of telecardiology and other digital health solutions for the management of patients with chronic cardiac conditions such as heart failure.
Keywords: COVID-19, Coronavirus, Telecardiology, Telemedicine, Digital Health, Cardiovascular Diseases