فصلنامه تحقیقات بازاریابی نوین
سال دهم شماره 1 (پیاپی 36، بهار 1399)

The present study sought to identify marketing mix elements and to present a marketing mix model for the development of Iran’s tourism industry by using the mixed (quantitative and qualitative) research method. The research population in the qualitative section was experts in the field of tourism marketing. The population in the quantitative section was managers, experts, hoteliers, and knowledgeable people in the field of tourism industry marketing. The Grounded Theory was used for qualitative data analysis; and descriptive statistics, confirmatory statistical analysis, and structural equations were used for the quantitative analysis. In the qualitative section, the data from the in-depth semi-structured interview by the researchers and the N-Vivo software were coded in the three stages of open, axial, and selective coding. The development of Iran’s tourism industry was selected as a core category and finally, the paradigmatic model of 12P + 4S was presented as the marketing mix of Iran’s tourism industry. The findings of the qualitative part indicated that causal conditions of model include product, price, place, promotion, and the underlying factors include characteristics and mentality, intervening conditions include policy elements, security, physical evidence, and individuals. Strategies also include elements of planning, sustainability, processes and participation, research and education, and budgeting. Finally, in the quantitative section, the results of the coefficient model of the effect of the change factors on the outcomes showed the confirmation of the relationships. The results of the goodness of fit index showed a value of 0.663 indicating a strong fit and utility of the model.

The purpose of this paper was to design a business re-engineering model in the banking industry with an emphasis on customer-orientation. This study was an exploratory mixed method with two qualitative (Grounded Theory) and quantitative sections. The statistical population in the quantitative and qualitative sections was the elites of the banking industry of Iran with a PhD in Business Administration, and managers and experts in the banking industry, respectively. In the qualitative section, 11 elites of the banking industry were selected by the theoretical sampling method and in the quantitative section, a sample of 385 individuals was selected based on Morgan Table and using the probability sampling method. In the qualitative and quantitative parts, the semi-structured deep interview and the questionnaire were used to obtain the data. The validity and reliability of the qualitative part were confirmed by the feedback of the participants and receiving the opinions of colleagues. The validity of the questionnaire was confirmed using the convergent validity and its reliability was approved using Cronbach’s alpha. The coding method was used to obtain the research hypotheses and the structural equation modeling was used to investigate the research hypotheses. The result of the research was the achievement of a model that includes 26 variables and five important factors (providing maximum benefits to stakeholders, the speed and cheapness of services, the application of rules and standards, the observance of banking management frameworks, and the creation and improvement of banking procedures leading to the customers of the banking industry) and confirmed the positive impact of each of the five model factors on customer-oriented banking industry.

Paying attention to national production is one of the fundamental principles of global trade, which has always been the concern of the government, and has been emphasized in our country in recent years in the field of resistance economy policies (2013) and the naming of years (2012, 2016, 2017, and 2018). The domestic clothing industry, as one of the oldest and top priority industries in the country, has faced many problems in competing with foreign products in recent decades and, as a result, has been less popular among domestic consumers. This research aimed to identify factors that influence the behavior of consumers towards domestic clothing and sought to provide a set of strategies based on the social marketing approach to change the behavior of consumers towards domestic clothing. The qualitative data of this research were collected from a total of about 500 interviews, round tables, and notes related to research questions- collected in three specialized journals of this field. By the purposeful categorization, 67 samples were selected and analyzed. To analyze the qualitative data of this research, the technique of thematic analysis was used. In the analysis process, about 320 basic themes, 46 organizing themes and, finally, 6 comprehensive themes were mapped, and then a network of themes related to research questions was drawn up. According to the findings of this research, in relation to the factors affecting consumer behavior change, six factors of ‘competitiveness of the clothing industry, factors related to culture and consumer attitude, governance factors, economic factors, the scientific background and the role of universities, as well as factors related to partnerships with foreign manufacturers and top companies’ were identified. Also, at the end, the final research model was drawn with an emphasis on the role of each actor in the domestic clothing industry.

Given the special importance of customers in emerging organizations, this paper presents a customer loyalty model based on 8 factors influencing: customer loyalty including: trust, quality of service, transfer cost, reputation, commitment, perceived value, and satisfaction in 8 emerging private banks in Tehran. The data collection tool of this quantitative and survey strategy study was a questionnaire distributed among the statistical population of 340 members who were selected by random sampling. Statistical analysis was performed by the regression method and then the ANN model. The results of the regression model showed that the highest influence was for loyalty, trust, quality of service, and empathy on customer perceived value factors. And the most effect on customer satisfaction was for trust, quality of service, empathy, and commitment modes. Customer perceived value and satisfaction were directly related to customer loyalty. The results obtained from the artificial neural network model indicate that it has fewer errors than the regression model.

The efforts of marketing research and development managers today are focused on creating and developing brands that have unique features that set them apart from other brands and make them attractive to customers. In the new marketing literature, these unique features have been presented as brand coolness. But, the existing literature does not offer any suitable design for creating cool brands. Accordingly, the purpose of this study is to design a brand coolness model. This study is in the field of interpretive studies using qualitative research methods. Gathering the required data in order to design a brand coolness model was done by conducting an interview with 14 managers and senior marketers of marketing and market research in the production of the Fast Moving Consumer Goods(FMCG) in small and medium enterprises by using purposeful and judgmental sampling methods. Lack of access to a suitable number of managers who are aware of the research subject has led to the selection of FMCG brands in small and medium enterprises including food, automobile, electronic accessories (due to the formation of a major share in the household basket) for further interviews. The interviews were coded based on the Grounded Theory Method according to Strauss and Corbin’s design. Interview analysis has ultimately led to the identification of factors influencing brand coolness under the headings of creativity and innovation, macro-organizational policies, aesthetics, organizational perceptions, and technology. Also, the characteristics of a cool brand in this study were defined based on memorable categories, value characteristics, emotional, energetic, credible relationships, social awareness, independence, and valuable and original features. Finally, the brand coolness model was designed and presented based on the grounded theory graph design and some suggestions have been made for future studies.

With the increasing advancement of information and communication technologies, electronic customer relationship management (E-CRM) has been considered by organizations.Considering the main factors contributing to its success and failure and its main effects are among the concerns of managers that have not yet been fully investigated. This study was designed to investigate the factors affecting the establishment of e-customer relationship managementand the impact of its implementation on loyalty, profitability, and competitive advantage.For this purpose, field studies in small and mediumenterprises were studied. The statistical population of the study consisted of managers and staffs of knowledge-based companies of Isfahan Science and Technology Town, 300 of whom were selected by simple random sampling. A researcher-made questionnaire was used for data collection. The content and construct validities were used to determine the validity and Cronbach's alpha was used to determine its reliability, which its value was 0.79. The structural equations approach, AMOS22 and SPSS22 software were used to analyze the data and to test the research hypotheses. This study, while identifying the most important factors affecting the success and failure of E-CRM, clarified the positive impact of its effective implementation on customer loyalty, profitability, and competitive advantage. In addition, the results showed that using proper and up-to-date technology, implementing knowledge management and information sharing, teaching and preparing human resources, and interacting with customers had a vital role in the effective implementation of E-CRM.

With the increasing advancement of information and communication technologies, electronic customer relationship management (E-CRM) has been considered by organizations.Considering the main factors contributing to its success and failure and its main effects are among the concerns of managers that have not yet been fully investigated. This study was designed to investigate the factors affecting the establishment of e-customer relationship managementand the impact of its implementation on loyalty, profitability, and competitive advantage.For this purpose, field studies in small and mediumenterprises were studied. The statistical population of the study consisted of managers and staffs of knowledge-based companies of Isfahan Science and Technology Town, 300 of whom were selected by simple random sampling. A researcher-made questionnaire was used for data collection. The content and construct validities were used to determine the validity and Cronbach's alpha was used to determine its reliability, which its value was 0.79. The structural equations approach, AMOS22 and SPSS22 software were used to analyze the data and to test the research hypotheses. This study, while identifying the most important factors affecting the success and failure of E-CRM, clarified the positive impact of its effective implementation on customer loyalty, profitability, and competitive advantage. In addition, the results showed that using proper and up-to-date technology, implementing knowledge management and information sharing, teaching and preparing human resources, and interacting with customers had a vital role in the effective implementation of E-CRM.

Achieving a sustainable competitive advantage is one of the most essentials that retailers should pursue. Therefore, influencing the subjective norms of customers can result in the most fruitful outcome for this purpose. The main goal of this research was to investigate the effect of price image and social media on customers’ intention to purchase, with the mediating effects of their attitude and satisfaction. This research was applied and descriptive-survey correlational in terms of the type and the method. The statistical population of the research was the people who had the shopping experience from the hypermarkets/supermarkets in Tehran. The data were collected by using a questionnaire. The validity of the questionnaire was confirmed through the content validity. Also, the reliability of the questionnaire was verified through Cronbach’s alpha coefficient. According to the Cochran’s formula, 387 questionnaires were distributed in the target population by the simple random sampling method. Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) was used to test the research hypotheses. The results showed that retailers/supermarkets can influence customers’ intention to purchase and their attitude and satisfaction by making a suitable price image of themselves. They can also use social media to influence the attitude and satisfaction of their customers in a desirable way. In this study, the effect of social media on the customers’ intention to purchase was not confirmed. This could be due to the economic situations, an unfavorable content, or retailers’ immaturity of using social media effectively. For this reason, retailers are advised to use social media to influence the customers’ subjective elements to affect their future behavioral intentions.