نشریه تحقیقات تمثیلی در زبان و ادب فارسی
پیاپی 44 (تابستان 1399)

To understand mystical works, which are often the mystical experiences and teachings of mystical poets, imagination forms play an important role and are an integral part of mystical works and their creators , in order to bring the level of public awareness closer to the educational concepts of these works, have easily used the anecdotes, stories, proverbs, allegorical and cryptic stories for their image and reasoning, justification of their claims and sayings so that they are easily understood, imagined and accepted by people. The mystical Masnavi "Al-Ma'nawiyyah Al-Khafiya" composed by Sheikh Ibrahim Golshani Barda'i is one of these works that has just been corrected. The poet is one of the great Sufis and followers of the Azerbaijani Tariqat (path) in the ninth century AH, and his Masnavi is similar to Rumi's spiritual Masnavi. The research of this 35,000-verse Masnavi includes the study of all kinds of allegorical tricks such as allegorical stories, parables, exemplum, symbols, myths, method of equation, allegorical metaphors, and Qur'anic allegories that the poet has explained to the audience to understand the direct effect of self, sensuality, womanizing, fame seeking, long desire, changing destiny, and so on. The authors pointed out that fictional allegory is the most common type of allegory in this Masnavi. This research has been done by data and library analysis.

Allegory is one of the best Bolaghi methods to persuade the audience, by which poets and writers provide the audience with sensible and tangible things. Therefore, this literary trick is a wise way to express one's intentions. In this paper, using analytical-descriptive method, allegorical simile, allegorical metaphor, natural allegory and equation style in Masnavi, Abushkour Balkhi's Afarin Nameh is examined. Therefore, first, the allegory is summarized from the point of view of the experts, and then the types mentioned in Abushkour Balkhi's Afarin Nameh is examined. Abu Shakur has used allegory not only to make sense of things such as contentment, to know friend and foe, the necessity of teaching in childhood, but also to make the audience more believable and influential.

The present study was performed using descriptive method and using library data. The aim of this study was to investigate and analyze the allegory with the approach of ritual and religious functions in Attar Neyshabouri's Asrarname. Analogy is one of the literary arrays that have been considered by the ancient existed, the attention of poets and writers, the analogy may appear in the form of a bit or a story and the authors. The expression of emblematic vere is one of the methods of reasoning in which a clear and acceptable sample of the subject judgment the exact results in that field.  Due to the fact that no research has been done in the field of religious and ritual allegories in Asrarrname, it is necessary to conduct this research, so the researcher in this research seeks to find the answer to the questions that types of story allegories with ritual and religious approaches are used. Which are the secrets? Which type of story allegory has the highest number of frequencies in this work? What tools does Attar Neyshabouri use in allegory? Which type of allegory has played a special role in Attar Neyshabouri's anecdotes? The results of the research have shown that ritual and religious allegories in these works of Attar's work cause the transmission of high human concepts and values ​​that originated from religion and heavenly teachings to the audience and readers.

Mystical poets have used allegorical and symbolic language in their poetry to express transcendent mystical concepts. The image of the sea is one of the most frequent images in the spiritual Masnavi and one of the keywords of Rumi's mind. In the spiritual Masnavi, the word sea and its accessories such as drops, dew, waves, fish, gems, etc. are very prominent. In contrast to each of the above, the sea finds a different meaning. Rumi has used these symbolic allegorical words in the service of expressing his subconscious emotions and his divine and mystical thoughts, and has expressed numerous and numerous concepts in this way. The relationship between the Creator and beings, annihilation, monotheism, the manifestation of love and creation, etc., are among the concepts that Rumi has used to express and explain the sea and its belongings. In this study, the allegorical and symbolic use of the sea and its manifestations in spiritual Masnavi were examined and analyzed. This research is descriptive-analytical. The results showed that the sea and its manifestations and affiliations are one of the most frequent elements of nature among Rumi's allegories and symbols. In Rumi's view, the sea is an allegory of truth, infinite divine essence, knowledge and human life. The sea is also associated with other symbols, such as: drops, rain, storms, ships, and dew, whose ultimate destination is to reach its origin, the sea.

The issue of government has been and is one of the most fundamental human concerns in history. The necessity of government is obvious, which is also confirmed by human nature. The issue of desirable and religious government is one of the important issues in Rumi's Masnavi in ​​which Rumi has dealt with the issue in various aspects of religious, scientific, political, etc. languages ​​with allegorical and symbolic language. The present study, as a library-analytical study, has examined the characteristics of religious government in allegorical stories of Rumi's spiritual Masnavi. The surveys conducted in this study showed that Rumi, while enumerating the most important characteristics of religious government such as: justice, spirituality and servitude, perfection and virtue and wisdom and prudence, genero city and democracy, fight against domination and tolerance towards villeins he considered. The subjects considered the government as necessary, in this regard, the monarchy and the religious government, which is based on divine knowledge, self-construction and perfection, as a desirable and competent government to govern society, and the true ruler, according to him, is the perfect man or guardian of God. He knows in every age. In his opinion, the rule of the perfect man or the guardian of God is the royal manifestation of God Almighty, and the objective example of such a government on earth is the rule of the Prophet Muhammad (PBUH).

Allegory is one of the most important literary tools that has had a special reflection in terms of structure and content in the field of Persian literature. Due to the capabilities of this literary genre, it is used to express different concepts of lyrical, educational, epic, mystical, etc. This degree of flexibility has perpetuated the role of allegory in the field of literature. Qaisar Aminpour is one of the contemporary poets who has purposefully used allegory in his poems to explain and explain his meaning. In the present article, relying on library resources and research articles, as well as descriptive-analytical methods, the fields of application of allegory in the collection of "Grammar of Love" have been studied and explored. The research results show that the fields of application of allegory by Aminpour are: "Challenging unacceptable behaviors; changing moral cues and providing alternative patterns; creating strong associations in the mind and objectification; indirect teaching of moral points; simplification of concepts". Complex and change the semantic framework of a concept.