International Journal of Applied Behavioral Sciences
Volume:6 Issue: 4, Autumn 2019

Cancer and thestress associated with it have a significant impact onnot onlypublic health, but also on individuals suffering from cancer can make stressful and pressureconditionsfor patients. The aim of this study was to examine the role of gender and death rumination among patients with cancer.

The study was done usingdeath ruminationquestionnaire and defencestylesquestionnaire-60 (DSQ-60). The study was conductedon 200 hospitalized cancer patients. MANOVA test using SPSS was utilized for data analysis. .

According to gender disparity, patients suffering from cancer had high scores in death-exhaust as death rumination. Statistically significant results emerged also on projection (p< 0.05), projective identification(p< 0.01), and withdrawal (p< 0.05) from defencemechanisms. In particular, itwas found that female cancer patients were more likely to engage in death-exhaust, projection, projective identification, and withdrawal styles.

Overall, this report codifies the gender disparity in death ruminationand defencestyles in hospitalizedcancer patients with psychological adjustment in womenwithcancer, suggesting that these might be potential targets of psychological intervention for this population.

Life skills are the skills, knowledge, and behaviors that are learned tofulfill happiness and aim individuals to succeed in life. The impact of life skills training on quality of life in recent years has always been one of the issues under study in psychiatrists worldwide. The present study investigated the effect of life skills training on quality of life among young couples in Tehran, Iran.

The study population consisted of all couples who referred to Ahmadi Health Center during the second 6 months of the year 94. The sample consisted of 60 (30 couples) who were selected by convenience sampling and simple random sampling method. The experimental and control groups were replaced. Before running the independent variable (X), the subjects in both groups were measured by pre-test. Then the independent variable (life skills training) was applied to the experimental group and again the quality of life questionnaire was administered to the test and control subjects. The data were analyzed using MANCOVAtest by means ofSPSS 22 software.

The findings showed that the changes after the life skills training in the experimental group were significant and life skills training had an impact on the quality of life of young couples on the verge of marriage; in other words, the quality of life compared to pre-education significantly had.

Life skills trainingfound to be an important factor in improving the quality of people's life, so it is necessary for the authorities to provide the context for these trainings so that these changes have a powerfuland long lasting impact.

Cardiovascular diseases are among one of the most leading cause of mortality in the world. In addition to physical problems, cardiovascular diseases may have a significant impact on individuals’ psychological well-being. Psychological interventions along with medical interventions can both help to the psychological and physiological improvement among individuals. The purpose of this study was to compare the effectiveness of acceptance and commitment therapy and emotion-focused therapy on negative emotions of coronary heart disease patients.

This was a quasi-experimental study with pretest-posttest design with control group. The statistical population of the study included patients with coronary heart disease in the city of Karaj. The age range was 30 to 60 yearswho referred to Shahid Rajaee hospital in Karaj. Samples were selected using available sampling method and then the samples were randomly divided into two experimental and one control group. Data were collected using D-type personality scale and Buss and Perry hostility scale. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and analysis of covariance by SPSS software, version 25.

outcomes showed that acceptance and commitment therapy and emotionfocused therapy were effective on Negative Emotions control group (p<0.05). Also the results of the covariance showed that, there was a significant difference between the groups' adjusted averages for Negative Emotions.The mean difference in emotion-focused therapy was greater than acceptance and commitment therapy.

Considering that one of the most important psychological factors related to heart disease are negative emotions and these emotions can have an accelerating role in the development and progression of heart disease and Due to the effectiveness of the above treatments, their education can be helpful in addition to medical treatments

Addiction to romantic relationship is one of the prevalent disorders inthe field of psychology. The objective of the present study is to formulate a qualitative model of addiction to romantic relationships.

The research is an applied study using discovery manner, in which, qualitative research method and grounded theory were utilized. The population was the entire people who were addicted to romantic relationships, selecting purposefully100samples for interview process. To collectdata, in-depth interview was used, and then, after the implementation of the data, they prepared for analysis. The process of data analysis was deductive. In the other hand, there was no previous conceptual framework for coding and categorizing; rather, it was analyzed freely by coding technique of grounded theory.

Regarding the results, the final model of thestudy comprised eight different concepts, including: affective mental, family, emotional, needs, critics, consequences factors, and the factors related to relationship.

The results addressed the different context and dimensions of vulnerability to romantic relationships addiction, thus, considering the results of the present study, practitioners particularly psychologists can adopt appropriate intervention either in treatment or prevention of romantic relationship addiction.

The levels of Biomarkers such as interleukin 12 (IL-12) are elevated in patients with Multiple Sclerosis (MS). The aim of the present study was to compare the effectiveness of Cognitive-Behavioral Stress Management (CBSM) training and Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) on IL-12 in Multiple Sclerosis (MS) patients.

The present study was a quasi-experimental design with pretest-posttest and follow-up with control group. The statistical population included all female patients with Relapsing–Remitting MS who had referred to Multiple Sclerosis Research Center of Tehran University of Medical Sciences in Sina Hospital. 30 patients were selected by convenient sampling method and were replaced randomly into two experimental groups and one control group(each group included 10 patients). One of the experimental groups received the CBSM training and another experimental group received the ACT. To measure IL-12, the Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) was used. The data were analyzed using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) with repeated measurement.

The results showed that ACT had no significant effect on IL-12 (p>0.05), but CBSM training significantly reduced IL-12 and these results remained in the follow-up period (p<0.001).

Relaxation techniques in CBSM can increase diaphragmatic breathing and decrease stress experience, including cortisol levels and stress. Subsequently, physiological symptoms reduce stress and thus affect the level of biomarkers like IL-12.Therefore, it can be useful in improving biological parameters in patients with MS.

Acute myocardial infarction (MI) is one of the leading causes of death in the developed world. The purpose of the present researchwas to examine theeffect of optimism training on reducing emotional problems and increasing satisfaction with life (SWL) in patients with MI.

This research was a quasi-experimental with the plan of the pre-test, posttest and control group. The statistical population included all patients with MI 40-65 years old referred to Kasra hospital in Karaj in 2019. The sample was 90 patients with MI assigned to the two experimental and control groups randomly.Data collected using the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales-21 (DASS-21) and the satisfaction with life scale (SWLS). The data analyzed using the methods of univariate and multivariate analysis of covariance.

The result showed that optimism training significantly decreases emotional problems and increases life satisfaction in the experimental group (p<0.01).

Optimism plays an important role in coping with stressful and adverse events and optimistic patients adapt better to stressful situations compared to pessimists, with positive repercussions on their quality of life. This finding has important implications as regards the education and mental health of patients with MI.