جستارنامه ادبیات تطبیقی
پیاپی 9 (پاییز 1398)

Ferdowsi is the greatest pillar of the Persian language and literature of Iran and his famous Shahnameh, one of the greatest epic and literary books of Iran and the world. The Shahnameh, which has a general perspective in three parts of mythology, epic and history, and in the historical period shows itself from the kingdom of the Persian kings. One of the sections that has been neglected by Ferdowsi scholars is the historical section of Shahnameh, the main reason for which is Ferdowsi's lack of attention and reluctance to continue the narrations. This written method, which has been done by descriptive-analytical method, shows that Ferdowsi, in writing this section, also pays more attention to oral narratives than to the originality of independent subjects and histories. He differs from others on the basis of his poetic feelings and may not be superfluous to the excesses and excesses in it. In this study, the narration of Shahnameh has been compared with some independent historical books such as the complete history of Ibn Athir, Mas'udi, Tha'alabi, Yaqoubi and the cultures of Shahnameh, Dehkhoda, Moin, etc. The location of the events is the number of kings and the length of their reign, which is more in line with Tha'alabi's narration. In most of the similarities between the historical books, it is consistent with the totality of the events and stories of these books.

The mythical role of the myth in shaping the intellectual foundations of human societies and the necessity of contemplating each of its manifestations throughout life, especially in the contemporary age, is clear and clear. Although modern times seem to be devoid of myths, they have found their place in the minds of today. Poets play a more prominent role in designing and highlighting myths than others. Myths and myths have a special place in Romantic poetry, giving more importance to myths than literary schools. The impact of the romantic view on the type and extent of contemporary poets' attention to myth and how to use them in mythical narratives is one of the important issues to be investigated. The purpose of this study is to explain how the creators of myth and mythmaking employ the myths of Romantic thought in Jaleh Ghaem Maghami's poetry through content Descriptive-analytical and show that the use of myths in Jaleh's poetry is based on the theoretical foundations of the Romantic school. The result of the study suggests that contemporary romantic poet Jaleh has taken a great deal of mythical forms in his poetry, as myths have been expressed in his poems in three forms of "recreation", "change" and "repetition".

Ferdowsi's Shahnameh is of particular importance because of the reproduction of national identity. Ferdowsi, based on identity and identity concepts, has played a pivotal role in connecting Iranians with their rich cultural background. Rustam's character is one of the most prominent elements that Ferdowsi has reflected and explained through his physical and spiritual qualities. In this research, using descriptive-analytical method and reference to library resources, the components of the geographical and cultural national identity which Ferdowsi has transmitted to his audience through the use of Rustam's character in Shahnameh. The results of the research show that Rustam has been effective as the most important character of Shahnameh in advancing Ferdowsi's nationalistic goals and creating a kind of Iranian identity. Ferdowsi, geographic identity identifiers such as: Drawing the geographical scope of the Iranian nation; Positive attitude towards water and soil; Attitude towards the status of Iran's land world in the world; Reference to it; Preparation for the defense of water and soil at a time of danger; Invasion of it; interest in the integrity of the land in the future; and, the cultural identity of the child as well as respect for the legacy of the past by creating Rustam and taking advantage of the capacities of the events experienced by this person, reflected in the Shahnameh and with the audience Has shared it.

Joseph Campbell, American mythologist, according to the viewpoints of Gustave Young, has dealt with hero’s journeys in different cultures and has proposed a pattern for such journeys in his book entitled: “multi-thousand facet hero”. This pattern has many sufficiency elements to analyze literary works. The book “Hasht Behesht (Eight Heavens)” by Amir Khosro Dehlavi is one of the works that can be compared with the pattern proposed by Joseph Campbell. The present research has dealt with investigating the anecdote: “Roman Merchant’s son and the city of dumbs” in a book written by Amir Khosro Dehlavi called “Hasht Behesht (Eight Heavens)”. The results showed that there has been a complete correspondence between all elements in this story and the pattern posed by Joseph Campbell except the two elements of “meeting the God or the lady or return to childhood joys” mentioned before the stepping of the hero in “tests’ roads”, reported in introduction and the step: “receipt of help from outside” before the stage called: “passing through the threshold level of heavenly life into the normal world” in the return part which are presented by Campbell as a probable period.

Persian literature is a valuable treasure trove of letters and letters from Iranian poets. The storyteller is a kind of literary system in which the poet addresses to the savage, complains about the instability of Dehra, and by asking for the wine he wants to put on the wounds of the days of Dun, an ounce of forgetfulness. Mukhninameh is another literary letter in which the poet refers to Mukhninameh and, for his sake, calls on him to sing and sing. Often, poets have paid attention to these two types of literary works for the importance and beauty of the two, and less poetry has paid attention to only one of these. In this research, along with a glimpse into the storytelling and expressing its features, the structure of the storyteller and the Mukhninameh name of Hafez, we have shown that Hafez, using political and social contexts, provides a totally rich form in the service of a purely political subject - And according to the findings of this research, it can be said that in the epic poem of Hafez poetry, there is a close connection between the epic spirit governing poetry and the language used by Hafiz. Based on this, Hafez's language uses epic capacities to bring its socio-political subjects and even lyrical subjects into a beautiful and different way.

In the field of Persian literature, teaching and learning issues have an important place, so that we can see its influence in all literary genres. In the meantime, some works have been written purely for the purpose of conveying a set of ethics to the audience in the form of a remarkable rudimental and borderline narrative. In this study, relying on descriptive-analytical method and citation of library sources, the narrative of "Div -e- Gawpay's debate with the Mard-e-Dini" relates to Ruza al-Oqool narrative of "Div -e- Gawpay and Danaye Dini" in MarzbanNameh in representing the doctrinal teachings, analyzing And compared. The results of the study show that two authors have emphasized the teachings of "wisdom and science" and "worldly and worldly condemnation". Also, Malatyavi referred to issues such as: "Pride and self-denial; benevolence; asceticism and righteousness; Whispering, "It is possible that human beings have been trampled on, and their condemnation of fate and surrender." The study found that the diversity and inclusiveness of ethics in Ruza al-Oqool is greater, which may be due to the greater volume of the author's work.