نشریه آموزه های حدیثی
سال سوم شماره 2 (پیاپی 6، پاییز و زمستان 1398)

The methodology of Kashif al-Ghatta 'on the explanation of Nahj al-Balaghah "Muhammad Abduh" is a methodical model in order to introduce this work scientifically, and it is important because it shows the kind of view of Kashif al-Ghatta in the commentaries. The interpretive and commentative types of Kashif al-ghatta are numerous. In a part of it, he has explained the words of Ali (AS) or the words of the commentators. And in his description, he has paid special attention to the context, literary and rhetorical rules. Criticism of commentators' speech based on their ideology and also unreasonable departure from the apparent meaning of the word is one of the basic forms that Kashif al-Ghatta has proposed. Of course, alignment with the commentators is also noticeable in some of the comments. Choosing of Muhammad Abduh's explanation and the approach of Kashif al-Ghatta in facing this work, reflects his unity viewpoint and could be effective in the direction of the intellectual unity of Muslims.

The knowledge of hadith jurisprudence is of special importance in the system of hadith knowledge,because on one hand,understanding hadith is the ultimate goal of all hadith research efforts,and on the other hand,it plays an influential role in the dynamics of other hadith knowledge. Hence,the scholars of hadith studies have tried to establish its principles,rules throughout the history of hadith. They have sometimes explained these rules in the introduction of hadith books or in independent works,and sometimes they have applied them in practice in their hadith works. One of the practical examples of applying the rules of hadith jurisprudence is the book Arbaeen by Sheikh Baha'i. Sheikh Baha'i's fame in Islamic sciences,especially in the knowledge of hadith,the privileged position of his Arbaeen book,has doubled the importance of extracting his method of understanding hadith from this precious book. The present article,which is organized in terms of library method,in terms of content in a descriptive-analytical manner,while pointing to the prerequisites,principles of understanding hadith,explains the method of understanding hadith based on the system of indications from Sheikh Baha'i's point of view regarding Arbaeen book. The findings of this study indicate that Sheikh Baha'i uses various evidences to understand the hadith that presenting a hadith on the Qur'an,presenting a hadith on a definite tradition,forming a hadith family,using humanities (such as medicine,mathematics),and using understanding of the predecessors are among them.

The interpretive narrations of the Infallibles (AS) are one of the most important and original interpretive sources for the correct understanding of the verses of the Qur'an, especially for the Shiites, and most Shiite interpretations benefit from this heritage. On the other hand, such narrations are not devoid of harms and weaknesses, and their use requires attention and research of hadith jurisprudence. Among these interpretations, which in addition to using these narrations, has studied hadith jurisprudence in them and tried to reject and prove some of them; - What is rarely seen in Shiite commentary - is the contemporary and famous Al-Mizan commentary by Allameh Tabatabai. In this article, considering the special place of this commentary in the Islamic world, with a descriptive-analytical method and based on library research, an attempt has been made to extract and examine the components of Allama Tabatabai's hadith jurisprudence in confirming the commentary narrations according to Al-Mizan commentary. The result of this effort briefly indicates that the main components of Allameh in this field has been the presentation of narrations on the Qur'an, the comparison of narrations with Sahih, Motavatir , famous and Mostafiz narrations, the presentation of narrations on the intellect, the application of the words of narrations on the science of vocabulary, and so on.

After Quran, the narrations are the main source of the Islamic Sciences. In order to establish sciences based on the narrations, any researcher must first learn the rules of understanding hadith and apply them in the process of understanding hadith. The rules of understanding hadith should be derived from the sources approved by the infallibles (a.s), such as Quran, hadith and reason, although hadith is the most effective of these sources, but for this reason less attention has been paid to it. In this research, by analyzing the authentic narration of Salim, some rules of understanding the hadith have been deduced and explained, some of which are: the necessity of examining and identifying the abrogator and rejecting the abrogated narration by the abrogator, identifying the inclusive narrations and generalizing their ruling, finding the specific and specifying the general with it, , understanding of similar hadiths by Quranic and narration certainty. Therefore, in order to understand the hadith correctly, after making sure that the narration is narrated from the infallible, the mentioned rules must be applied in the process of understanding the hadith.

Umar ibn Hassan ibn Uthman Falatah is one of the contemporary Sunni writers whose book Al-Wadha fi Al-Hadith is one of the most important sources in the study of status. He has tried to prove the origin of the forged hadiths in the last third of the first century AH and around the year 67 AH by criticizing the opinions of others and drafting historical documents. Showing the companions free from forging and introducing the Shiite as the main culprit is of his goals in this book. In this article, one of the alleged forgers in hadith (Muhammad ibn Sa'ib Kalbi) has been examined in terms of Omar Falatah. No independent work has been compiled about his personality and narrations, so it was necessary to analyze and study the personality, narrations and works of Ibn Saeb Kalbi from the perspective of several rijali, narrative, historical and interpretive books. Omar Falatah considers Ibn Kalbi as one of those who have acknowledged the status of hadith, but it seems from a careful study of sources and evaluations of the motives of the Sunnite fanatics in accusing Shiites of fabricating hadith, as well as examining the dignity of the revelation of some verses, It seems that Muhammad ibn Sa'ib Kalbi was neither a liar nor an extremist Shiite. The discussion method of this article is to benefit from analyzing the content and knowing rijali references.

It's worthy to analyze the behavior of Imam Reza (a.s) to make a role model. Imam (AS) has spent ten years of his Imamate during the era of Aaron's caliphate, and among Razavi researches, the connection between him and Aaron has been either ignored or less seen. This article intends to explore the relationship between Imam (AS) and Aaron based on the descriptive-analytical method, based on the library method among the reports. The advantage of this article with other researches is the analysis of Imam Reza (AS) 's reaction with Aaron and also the extraction of Imam (AS) behavioral principles about it that the purpose of this research is to achieve them. Principles such as the principle of responsibility and leadership, the principle of insight and deep thinking, the principle of seizing the opportunity. From the action and reaction between Imam (AS) and Aaron, it is possible to draw steps that have varied depending on the political and social situation: reactions such as soft, responsible, thoughtful and ignoring reaction, each of which is based on his principles of behavior.

The issue of determinism and free will has always been one of the most frequent issues among Islamic theological branches. Shiites, relying on the verses of the Qur'an and the guidelines of the Infallibles (AS), consider human free will to determine their own destiny as one of their beliefs. One of the hadiths that oversees this topic is the hadith of "the prosperous is the one who prosper in their mother's womb, and the miserable is the one who misfortune in their mother's womb" which can, with little changes, be found in both Shiite and Sunnite sources. The results of the documents and text study of this narration indicate that among the Sunnis, there is a correct document to the said hadith, which is the most important criterion for their acceptance. Among the Shiite scholars, in spite of the authenticity of this hadith, some have considered it as fabricated due to the apparent implication of the hadith on the coercion of human destiny, but many have analyzed or interpreted the meaning of the hadith in such a way that is consistent with the other religious teaching and have accepted its issuance. The result of this research, which has been done by analytical-descriptive method, shows that the best analysis of the content of a hadith is to carry it on the divine knowledge to the happiness or cruelty of the individual in the mother's womb.