نشریه مدیریت دانش سازمانی
پیاپی 9 (تابستان 1399)

Nowadays, in most countries the trend in e-learning development in educational centers and related organizations is highly affected by the outspread of Corona Virus (COVID-19). The concept of e-learning entered the field of education with the growth of information and communications technologies (ICT) and attracted many education centers and institutions. The Corona incidence has greatly accelerat-ed the growth that e-learning was undergoing with the rapid devel-opment of ICT, as many institutions have been forced into its em-ployment as a prevention measure. This event has had many other advantages, the most important are worldwide accessibility, numer-ous programs and choices, active participation, student-orientation, punctuality, cost reduction, optional speed of learning and the pos-sibility of revision, multifaceted assessment and preservation of nat-ural resources.
It is noteworthy that knowledge management application can have an important role in knowledge-based development of the e-learning process and its positive consequences such as personal and organizational performance improvement and it can also manage e-learning challenges and problems.
Due to the close relation between knowledge and learning, knowledge management can participate notably in the improvement of teaching processes and thus substantialize continuous learning as a culture. Quality improvement, development of human resources and fundamental development in management and measurement are some of the knowledge management roles in education.

The environment of business organizations and institutions is constantly fluctuating and changing, so it is unavoidable to employ new ways of creating and developing managerial knowledge. Experimental research methodology has been one of the important research methods for investigating and improving organizational issues; and its use in social and behavioral sciences such as sociology, psychology, economics, and management has grown significantly in recent years. Laboratory studies are one of the main types of experimental researches conducted in a controlled environment, to investigate the causal relationship and control the disturbing variables. Their application has led to the development of knowledge in various branches of management including organizational behavior, human resource management, advertising and consumer behavior, behavioral operations management, behavioral strategy, and behavioral economics. Despite the worldwide development of experimental research applications and knowledge accumulation in the international management literature, their recognition, and application in domestic research seems to have received less attention. The purpose of this study is to systematically review the related literature and identify the main concepts of this research method and its functions in management using the Delphi method. According to the research findings, 11 categories and over 30 related concepts have been identified. The main categories include experimental research nature and its types, manipulation of variables, control, repeatability, validity, and ethics in experimental research. The findings of this study can be exploited by researchers in different areas of management in order to identify and develop the applications of a new methodology in management knowledge creation.

Social knowledge management is an intersection between social knowledge management and social capital that plays an important role in extracting implicit social knowledge. The purpose of this research is to manage the social knowledge management of social network users. This research is an applied research that is done with meta-synthesis. To analyze the data, seven step-by-step methods of Sandloski and Baruso have been used. A total of 44 sources out of 258 sources were selected for the final meta-synthesis from which 224 codes, 25 concepts, and 8 categories were extracted and analyzed using Excel 2016 statistical software.The findings showed that the components of social knowledge management include intellectual capital (human, structural and communication); social capital (structural, cognitive and relational); knowledge management (knowledge dimensions, knowledge types, knowledge management processes, knowledge conversion, knowledge ecosystem and its obstacles); communications (personal and collective); learning (individual, collective and learning styles); leadership (management skills and management styles); culture (trust and interest and motivation); and technology (social media, semantic web and information and knowledge management systems). Also, findings showed that the knowledge and the social and intellectual capitals are components of the conceptual model of social knowledge management and this model is affected by communication, culture, technology and leadership factors and there are interactions between all of the above-mentioned elements. Generally, it can be said that the proposed conceptual model can help to evaluate the success factors of social knowledge management in organizations.
Keywords: Knowledge, Knowledge Management, Social Knowledge, Social Knowledge Management

Global competition and rapid changes in demand and the need for agile supplies have increased the importance of knowledge management as a strategic issue and a source of competitive advantage in supply chains. Choosing a knowledge management strategy in supply chains is important, because if the right strategy is not adopted with the supply chain, the knowledge management success probability in the supply chain will decrease. In the first step of the present study, the variables affecting the knowledge management strategy in the supply chain are identified and a model for strategy selection is proposed. In this model, supply chain strategy, cultural factors, distribution network structure, knowledge-intensive areas, knowledge creation and dissemination processes, human resources approach and information technology maturity of the supply chain are examined, respectively, and the relationship of each one with system-oriented and human-oriented KM strategies is specified. In order to validate the model, the opinions of experts in the field of knowledge management are used. In the next step, in order to model the effect of factors on strategy selection, a fuzzy inference system is designed using the MATLAB software. Iran Khodro company's is selected as a case study and the factors affecting the knowledge management strategy in this company's supply chain are examined, based on the opinions of chain managers and using the proposed model and system. The results show that the appropriate strategy for this chain is a system-oriented strategy, and finally the supply chain knowledge management strategies based on the selected strategy are presented to the company under study. The proposed system in this study can be used to select the knowledge management strategy in any supply chain.

The paradigm shift from human resource management to human capital management has doubled the importance of exploitation the tacit knowledge of human resources. Documenting and managing knowledge of expert human resources and exploitation them to achieve the goals of organizations requires identifying the process of knowledge codification. In this study, using the qualitative research approach and interviewing the top, basic, middle managers and accountants of Hamadan Ministry of Economic Affairs and Finance by non-probability sampling.This question will be answered what is the applicable model implicit Knowledge of Human Resources and Implementation Strategies in this office. The analysis of data collected from 20 interviews through content analysis led to the identification of 186 thems knowledge coding processes and 31 thems barriers to implementation. After classifying themes, the stages of the tacit knowledge coding process including identifying or discovering tacit knowledge, extracting or acquiring tacit knowledge, recording and storing tacit knowledge, tacit knowledge sharing, and tacit knowledge application were identified. The required actions and suggestions were also made in realizing each of these steps. Finally, the barriers to implicit knowledge codification, identification and solutions were proposed.

The most crucial and prominent asset for enterprises engaged in production and services is the knowledge available to them. Nowadays, to become pioneer and leading among peers, the enterprises and organizations should be capable of acquiring updated and validated knowledge, and applying the value-added knowledge, wisdom and experience of their personnel and also have the ability to implement, retrieve and maintain knowledge as intangible organizational assets. The KM-driven performances based on the knowledge perspective are rooted in the organization’s knowledge resources. Further, the KM-driven performances are mediated by business process capabilities. Organizational learning, as a moderator to knowledge resources, is critically complementary to KM. In this study, the data were collected by the standard questionnaire with the statistical population including 199 employees of the Zanjan Revenue Department and Bojnourd Industry, Mine and Trade Organization. The questionnaires were distributed by the simple random method. The conceptual research model was fitted by the structural equation modelling and analyzed by the PLS software. The research findings indicate that knowledge resources are the foundation of KM-driven performance, through the role of business process capabilities as the mediator. Specifically, knowledge assets and process capabilities are two different but relevant drivers in a value creation process. According to the findings, knowledge capital and knowledge process capability are provocative in the value creation process in the organizations. Knowledge capital affects significantly the knowledge process capability, whilst organizational learning affects the knowledge capital, and business processes capability influences the organizational performance.

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the impact of knowledge workers’ innovative behaviors on knowledge sourcing, self-efficacy and perception of information transparency. The statistical population consisted of 240 knowledge workers in R&D pharmaceutical industry in Mashhad. From this statistical population 148 workers were selected using the random sampling method and assessed by the standard questionnaire. Data were analyzed using structural equation analysis and taxonomy methods, using SMART PLS3 and SPSS software. The results indicated that innovative behavior is affected by knowledge sourcing (R=0/521, T=7/61) and self-efficacy (R=0.61, T=2/81), and information transparency facilitates the relationship between self-efficacy and innovative behavior (R=0/43, T=2/17). The results of taxonomic analysis also showed that three behavioral clusters of knowledge workers can be conceived and transparency of information and self-efficacy play an important role in the occurrence of these behaviors. Results showed that supporting knowledge-workers can have a significant impact on the employee behavior and by implementing information transparency, managers can ensure self-efficacy growth of knowledge-workers and thus enhance their innovative behaviors which will lead to improvement in their individual and organizational performance and productivity.