نشریه مطالعاتی در مدیریت بانکی و بانکداری اسلامی
پیاپی 11 (زمستان 1397)

One of the strengths of Islamic banking compared to the conventional banking system is the participation in the profit and loss of financial activities within the framework of partnership contracts. Proper implementation of participatory facilities requires the observance of religious, financial, and economic requirements. However, the criticism and evidence concerning the performance of Islamic banks in the provision of participatory facilities indicate their inability to properly implement and comply with the judicial and legal requirements of such facilities. Therefore, due to the growing trend of non-performing loans and their relation to Islamic contracts, we examined the relationship between Islamic contracts and the credit risk of banks. To this end, the panel regression was employed to collect data from 14 banks listed in TSE in 2009-2018. The credit risk was also measured using the ratio of non-performing facilities and Islamic contracts (participatory and transactional) based on the share of contracts in total facilities. The results of this study show that participatory contracting has a direct relationship with the credit risk of banks and transactional contracting has no significant effect on the credit risk of banks. The return on assets and the bank size have a significant negative relationship with banks' credit risk.

Due to the necessity of identifying the possibility of fraud in financial reporting for the purpose of helping the market and information users to optimize the allocation of financial resources, and because of the key role of fraud in losing credit, increasing ambiguity, reducing stock liquidity, and reducing the fair allocation process in the market, which in itself widens the gap between shareholders, investors, the users of financial information, and managers, this study seeks to examine the effect of the probability of fraud on information asymmetry criteria in accepted banks in Tehran Stock Exchange. The statistical sample includes 15 accepted banks in Tehran Stock Exchange from 2012 to 2018 which would totally add up to 105 year-banks. This research adopts a multivariate linear regression model. The variables used as the information asymmetry criterion in this study include price gap and price impact. The findings uncover a meaningful and positive correlation between fraud, price gap, and price impact which by and of itself results in cultivating a positive and meaningful correlation between fraud and information asymmetry. In other words, as fraud probability increases, the information asymmetry increases too. The impact of fraud disclosure on information asymmetry undermines the company’s credibility and leads to growing uncertainty. Investors, in such conditions, doubt the dependability of investigation in the capital market, and constantly raise their required rate of return.

Competition to improve the quality of service is one of the strategic and key challenges of banks. Banks providing higher quality services will achieve higher levels of customer satisfaction leading to sustainable competitive advantage.The present article seeks to measure customer evaluation of the quality of services of Bank Melli branches and also to examine the relationship between personal characteristics of customers and their evaluation. The statistical population of the study includes all natural customers of Bank Melli branches in Tehran. Using stratified random sampling, 336 customers were selected and the hypotheses were tested using confirmatory factor analysis and generalized SERVQUAL (service quality) model. Findings indicate the rejection of research hypotheses. In other words, there is no significant difference between customers' evaluations and their personal characteristics.

Raising capital can be considered as one of the current strategies suitable for financing in particular conditions. As government banks can make use of government banks financial assistance if necessary, the government has financed its banks’ resources for raising capital in recent years. Meanwhile, as the government may apply some pressure to grant cheap directed credits following the capital raising, a question may arise on how the capital injection influences the performance of government banks. Accordingly, this study employs the data panel approach to evaluate the effects of the government capital injection on the marginal profit of government banks, as one of the banks’ performance measures between the years 2000-2015. The findings show that the marginal profit of each year is influenced by the capital injection of the same year, as well as that of the previous one. Furthermore, amongst the control variables, the relative size, the credit risk, zero-interest net income, operational inefficiency, as well as inflation rate have positive impacts on the marginal profits of government banks. However, the square of capital ratio, logarithm of facilities, legal reserves, as well as inefficiency of the banks’ management incur negative effects on government banks’ marginal profits.

The influence of financial development on economic growth is considered as one of the most important and controversial debates in the field of financial development, as well as economic growth, from a theoretical and experimental perspective. This study tries to answer the major question of whether financial development influences economic growth, and if so, what are the influencing variables. To do so, using keywords such as financial development and economic development, we reviewed 1062 studies among Persian and Latin papers available in domestic databases, as well as those in journal articles, conferences, and dissertations. Given that financial development as the independent variable and economic development as the dependent variable should exist in all reviewed studies, 13 studies were selected according to the six-phase meta-analysis methodology, thereby 34 regression models were provided. Next, employing a Dual and Tweedy method and using the funnel chart, we evaluated the study bias. Then, employing SPSS ® and CAM2 ®, we tested the relationship between financial development and economic growth. The findings showed that the magnitude of the influences of financial development on economic growth was equal to 30%. Moreover, following the financial development, the openness degree of trade space, the investments, as well as the government expenditures are variables having the most significant influences on economic growth. Therefore, addressing the financial sector parameters, their development, as well as conditions that can lead to financial development can be considered as one of the strategies regarding economic development.

In the accounting culture, disclosure is a generic term and is classified as one of the accounting principles that covers all the important financial processes and also affects all aspects of finance. This study attempts to investigate the effect of disclosure policies of banks' accounting information on the information content of stock prices and the risk of stock price crash Iran. Following designing the information disclosure valuation indexes, the transaction information was collected from the Stock Exchange in the period of 2013-2017. The statistical sample consists of 17 banks selected by systematic elimination method resulting in totally 85 year-banks. In this research, linear regression and correlation analysis are used to investigate the hypotheses. EViews software has been used to analyze the data and test the hypotheses. What can be said in summing-up and concluding the general test of hypotheses is that if a bank has a disclosure policy of accounting information, its stocks simultaneously will have a higher return stock and lower risk of collapse. The results obtained in this study, to some extent, are consistent with the documentation referred in the theoretical framework of financial research and literature.