فصلنامه برنامه ریزی منطقه ای
پیاپی 38 (تابستان 1399)

Analysis of the urban system of the south-east of the country is necessary because of the strategic importance of this region and with the aim of recognizing and providing a platform for balanced development, appropriate distribution of population and utilization of environmental capabilities. Therefore, recognizing the environmental, social and economical potentialities and capabilities of the cities of over 10,000 people in three provinces in southeastern Iran (Kerman, Sistan and Baluchestan and Hormozgan) with a regional development approach, is in line with the development of a balanced development of the reasons for writing this research. In fact, the purpose of the present research is to initially investigate the urban system of the southeastern parts of the country, and then, according to assessments of the current status of the urban hierarchy system, its impact on the future of regional development indicators. The results showed that urban hierarchy imbalance is one of the main characteristics of the urban system in the southeastern region, which has resulted in the lack of necessary small infrastructures and small towns. Also, the results of the futuristic model showed. Considering the importance of demographic indicators and their impact on the future of regional development indicators and the involvement of multiple elements, it is clear that the variables of urban management practices (36) and development status Human Indicators (35) have the highest calculated column value, respectively. In other words, the most important feature of these variables is low impact and high impact, and they are referred to as strategic factors, whose reinforcement boosts development in this region and has a positive impact on the economic, social and environmental dimensions.

Balance regional development is one of the key subjects in spatial planning and sustainable development and emphasizes on equal life conditions, economic and social components for all people in country. Regarding to the country zoning towards national spatial planning study and to make appropriate decision in right time for equal regional development, planners at first must examine and analyze the status of different regions in terms of developmental level and deprivation. Considering the cultural and social similarities and the relatively similar climatic conditions in north provinces of the country, in this study, the provinces of Mazandaran, Gilan and Golestan have been studied. In this research, shrinkage estimation was used to refine indices, the main components analysis method was used to determine the weight of the indices and the exponential distribution function in order to combine the rankings in different categories. The geographical level in this study is rural district (Dehestan) and 21 of the most important economic and infrastructure and social services indices have been used. The deprivation rate in this study has been categorized in five categories: most deprivation, deprivation, moderate deprivation, low deprivation and marginal deprivation. In this study, 301 rural districts (Dehestan) were surveyed and the indice of each district was calculated using the multiple indices of deprivation. The results show that out of a total of 301 districts, around 120 extreme deprived and deprived district were identified, accounting for about 40% of the rural districts. About 15% had a moderate deprivation, and about 45% of rural districts were identified as low deprivation area to marginal deprivation. Based on these analyzes, most districts with very high deprivation (40%) were identified in Golestan province.

Today, having to achieve a balanced and respect the balance and equality in all aspects of development indices, the Especially at the regional level in developing countries, and especially our country achieve one of the main challenges According to the principles of sustainable development defined for it. The purpose of this study was to evaluate and Prioritize the East Azerbaijan province in terms of infrastructure indicators is. The present study is of applied type and descriptive-analytical in nature. For this purpose, 20 counties In terms of infrastructure indicators into 46 quantifiable indicators were studied. To analyze the data, the model Generalized Shannon entropy, gray relational analysis (GRA), in the form of Pearson correlation coefficient using SPSS Used. The results indicate that: (1) based on the analysis of data in the relational model gray, Counties nomads, Varzeghan, Charavimaq, Khoda Afarin and Julfa in terms of infrastructure With the mean coefficient of priority (0.749), in very poor condition. The first priority is planning to expand to the counties. 2. Based on the coefficient Pearson (0/512), correlation between the facilities and infrastructure, infrastructure and population in cities positive relationship there is.On the other hand between the index and the growth rates of urbanization Infrastructure Province of relationship and there is a positive correlation. So in general, it can be concluded that facilities in the province the underlying infrastructure has led to the counties that have more population, but between the Enjoyment of the underlying index and no significant relationship urbanization rate of counties.

Drought is one of the meteorological and inseparable phenomena of climatic conditions in Iran and will have adverse effects. Considering the drought in recent decades and its adverse effects on economy and livelihoods in Sistan, the purpose of this study is to identify the effects of drought on economic development in cities using FAHP method and to plan a sustainable livelihood strategy using FTOPSIS in Sistan region. This study was conducted using a survey method, using questionnaires and interviews with 40 experts and experts. The results indicate that the weight of the options (counties) using the indicators of the effect of drought on the sustainable economic development of the Sistan region was obtained in Nimrooz city with a weight of 0.28 in the first priority and Hamoon counties, Hirmand, Zahak and Zabul with weights of 0.24, 0.22, 0.13 and 0.10 in the next rankings. Also, the results of planning optimal sustainable livelihoods strategies in the face of drought, Nimroz city in the criteria for credit and loan facilities, low-lending and microfinance loans to agricultural affairs, government support of capital In small industries, conversion and handicrafts, through the provision of facilities, prudent and educated manpower, climate change and its effects on agricultural products such as drought, premature weather and environmental threats (drought) compared to other major cities And this has caused the Nimroz County to be in the worst livelihood terms. These results indicate the lack of efficient management, planning and environmental and economic plans in the region, and it is necessary to pay close attention to this issue. Among the solutions proposed for sustainable development and economic development in Sistan, is the fact that people in the region and farmers are turning to jobs other than agriculture, such as work in the local industries, as well as border markets.

The lived experience of human life has shown that some societies indicate more resilient behavior. One of the effective factors back to capacities in society. One of the most important and most effective of these properties is social capital. The importance of this capital is that, in dealing with disasters like droughts, it has the least damage to other assets. The main purpose of this research is to investigate the relationship between social capital and drought resiliency.This study has been conducted with a Practical and quantitative approach.To analyze thedata, descriptive statistics and inferential statistics were used in SPSS and AMOS software, including validation tests and structural equations for testing hypotheses.The required data in this research were collected using a library and field method. Thestatistical population of the study included 13000rural people in the city of Kangavar. The sample size was chosen by the Cochran method that was considered 320people. The reliability of the research by Cronbach's alpha method is a reliability of 0.7. Which is reliable. The results showed that there is a positive and significant correlation between social capital component in dimensions of bonding, bridging, with resilience (39, 32, and 36). Also, the results of regression analysis showed that by increasing a social capital unit 0.48, the standard deviation of resilience 42.22would improved. finally, the factorized loads show that the social capital variables used with the resiliency are fit strongly.

Today the environmental hazards caused by mismanagement of waste to be one of the major problems the country and this problem is higher in rural areas than cities. In rural areas, despite the differences between the regions in terms of the lifestyle with urban environments, Due to changes in the lifestyle of people, Waste Management is considered as a very important. Environmental pollution and thereby endanger the health of villagers require of appropriate waste management based on existing conditions. The main purpose of this research is Assessment and evaluation of the optimal waste management in rural areas Abadan city this research done by the descriptive - analytical Method and in processing is used from the Topsis Fuzzy AHP model. And is used from the Excel software to perform analyzes in this paper. The results of fuzzy TOPSIS model based on the calculated weights shows That in the index studied, the index of the waste master plan studies (With similarity index0/755 The most important thing for waste management in rural areas is the city of Abadan Also the index of the culture and education programs(With similarity index0/643 gathering and transportation(With similarity index0/626), final disposal(With similarity index0/612), public participation and private sector(With similarity index0/607), breakdown by origin of production(With similarity index0/592), skilled manpower (With similarity index0/586) and creating data bases are located(With similarity index0/561), respectively, in the next rankings.

Proper housing and bodywork in the villages after the Islamic Revolution has always been the demand of the people and the government's concerns and concerns. A review of the five-year post-revolution development plan confirms this demand and reflects the growing trend and significant increase in housing improvement plans and the improvement of the physical environment in the countryside. This paper uses descriptive-analytic method to evaluate and measure the structure of rural housing in villages located in Zanjan city. Library and field method has been used to collect information. The statistical population includes villages in Zanjan city. Using the Cochran formula, 374 people were selected as samples. To analyze the data, the fittest, compatibility matrix and dependence matrix and future study approach have been used with SPSS and MIC MAC software. The findings of the research show that the indicators of "quality of housing in terms of orientation of buildings and lighting" with 889.52 and "number of rooms in residential unit" with the highest statistics of 9.55 are the most desirable. Also, according to compatibility matrix, the most compatibility is in the components of "quality of housing in terms of building orientation and lighting" with a coefficient of 10.75 and "area of ​​the infrastructure" with a coefficient of 10.6. According to the futuristic approach, the "development pattern", "infrastructure area", and "quality of housing from the point of view" indicators are most strongly associated with other indicators of housing quality. As a result, these three components are effective and decisive for improving housing in the future villages of the city. In order to improve the physical structure of rural housing, choosing rural development strategies appropriate to the environmental and technological capabilities of the village, creating central settlements with appropriate area services and reviewing the distribution of services and infrastructure seems necessary. 

The rural environment as a ground of agricultural activities has an impact on low-carbon livelihoods because the livelihoods of rural settlements are nature-based and are organized in accordance with the principles of environmental protection. Nowadays, unreleased energy use is one of the most important sources of carbon dioxide emissions that are led to climate change and environmental damages. Therefore, in order to achieve sustainable environmental goals and reduce greenhouse gas emissions, it is necessary to tend to low carbon livelihood. For this purpose, the present research was conducted with the aim of studying the rural life status and role of low-carbon livelihoods in protecting the rural environment among 290 households living in rural areas of Bagheran district of Birjand. The analysis of the relationships between variables is done based on the PLS correlation model and path analysis in structural model shows that social low-carbon, the physical low carbon and the economic low-carbon environment have an effective and comprehensive role in environmental conservation. In this regard, in the social aspect, saving attitude with factor load of 263.967 ,in the economic environment, agent of green jobs (13.06), and in the physical environment, the widespread use of public transportation (25.459) have contributed in protecting the rural environment.Concerning the use of low-carbon energy in rural areas, the findings revealed that energy consumption is generally low in this rural region, but the expansion of low-carbon fields such as solar and natural fuels like biogas can expand the fields of low-carbon energy.Accordingly, in order to sustain the social dimension of low carbon consumption and to strengthen the economic and physical dimensions, some suggestions are represented such as includes the development of low carbon science, workshops and training classes for familiarizing low carbon consumption methods, adoption of the low carbon livelihood principles in terms of conducting rural projec.

Today, with the physical growth of large cities and increasing intra-urban travel, the issue of transportation and the achievement of an optimal spatial development pattern based on public transport are of great importance. In this regard, recognizing the structural and functional constraints of cities in the spatial distribution of utilities, services and population, how to balance the economic, social and physical capacities of the city with transport potential, can lead to favorable spatial development strategies. So, this paper, by analytical-exploratory method, explores and explains the structural-functional urban development based on the TOD system in the traffic area of Tehran. Library and field studies have been used to collect information. For data analysis, spatial information system methods such as optimal access index, inverted interpolation (IDW) and network analysis based on the weight overlay of layers have been used with ARC GIS 10.3 software. Research indicators also include population density, land use, user diversity, and use of activity centers and network capacity of the road. The research findings showed that despite the high capacity of Tehran's transportation system, it has 17 km of radial bus lines (BRT) and 41 stations; 38 km of subway lines and 40 stations; and 107 km of bus lines with 317 stations; Inappropriate. On the other hand, 63% of the scope of the Mobility Index is located in the "high" area. As a result, due to the distribution of inappropriate applications, people daily diverge intra-city trips to receive services from a variety of locations. As a result, it seems to be necessary to restrict the use of private cars, the withdrawal of inappropriate and incompatible uses, encouraging people to walk and bike, and to keep the population in range and prevent the change of residential usage.

One of the most important points about fueling stations is their proper location. The transport sector is the most important energy consumer in mostcountries. In addition, gasoline-powered cars are getting more and more popular every day. The inappropriate location of these stations results in a waste of time and money as well as dissatisfaction with the users. On the other hand, the optimal locationof these facilities will not only affect the quality of network traffic, but also their economic success. Accordingly, the main purpose of the present study is the spatial physical organization of urban structures with emphasis on locating petrol station using weighted linear integration (WLC) method in GIS context in Tehran 19with descriptive-analytical methodology. That in the first stage the location of the existing stations, in the second stage the areas which (according to the criteria for locating the gas station) require gas station; using weighted linear integration model (WLC) and The ARCGIS software is specified. The maps used in the present study were scaled to different scales, and no arithmetic operations were possible. The scale-based method was used to convert them all to a standard scale between zero to one and zero to 255. In order to determine the weight of the criteria, a pairwise comparative method, which was used under the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) method, was produced by Expert Choice software and the AHP method to generate the criterion significance coefficients. Due to the number of criteria involved in the optimal location of petrol stations in this paper, it is attempted to test the combination of GIS capabilities and WLC model in providing a suitable location pattern of these centers. The overall result showed that in case of construction of petrol stations in Bahmanyar neighborhood, Khani Abad North will be in the first priority and Khani Abad and Esfandiari will be in thesecond priority. Finally, the examination of the priority areas in the output showed that these areas are in fair condition in terms of the criteria set.

The extent of land use change dimensions is one of the major challenges facing sustainable agriculture and identifying the factors affecting it is one of the important issues. In this regard, in 1995and with amendments in 2006, it was considered a crime to change land use and gardens outside the legal context of the villages and in the cities privacy, which would destroy agricultural land. The main purpose of this research is to identify the effects and consequences of legal and judicial decisions leading to the destruction of the construction building on agricultural conservation and development. The present study was conducted through a library method and a review of relevant resources with subject as well as field survey and observation and interview tools. The method of this study is descriptive-analytical and it is applied in terms of purpose. This study investigates various dimensions of physical, socio-economic, environmental and managerial-legal and the researchfindings show that in the physical sector؛land abandonment, in the socio-economic sector؛reducing the productivity of agriculturalcrops, in the environmental sector؛natural Landscape change of lands and ultimately, in the management-legal sector, theweaknesses of the laws are among the most important and effective indicators and play an important role on agricultural lands due to the destruction of buildings and wastes of it.

What is important is the condition of cities and metropolises that are located on faults or in the vicinity of them and are in danger of earthquakes. The main objective of this research is to analyze the spatial statistics of earthquakes in Khuzestan province and its adaptation to loose faults and sediments. Quaternary. In order to investigate earthquake clusters, the first step was to determine the best earthquake interpolation method from the kriging index. The results showed that the inverse weighing method with the coefficient of 0.75 is the best model for earthquake zoning. For the analysis and distribution of the earthquake spatial distribution, Hot applications using the ArcGIS 10 software and the very flexible Spatial Statistics Tools tool were used. The cluster analysis is a general trend and can be obtained by various algorithms. The largest earthquake cluster pattern is related to earthquakes larger than 6 magnitudes of 003665/1. The results of the total earthquake investigation in Khuzestan province during the statistical period of 2014-2019 showed that the magnitude of the earthquakes in this province is from the northwest to the south-east. The earthquake has a direct relationship with faults and quaternary formation