نشریه قرآن و طب
سال پنجم شماره 1 (پیاپی 17، بهار 1399)

Throughout the centuries and eras, human beings have always sought to know the world around them and, consequently, to find the way to the depths of their existential nature. The Holy Quran has paid attention to this important matter as an eternal divine miracle and has been considered by scholars of different sciences as a reliable source. Despite all these advances in the experimental sciences, so far only parts of the miracles and scientific secrets of the Qur'an have been discovered for humanity. Despite the astonishment of experimental scientists in the deep scientific content of the Qur'an, throughout history, some people with specific goals have sought to cast doubt on the divine revelations. The focus of this article, which is based on content analysis method and using organized library studies, is to answer three of the doubts raised in the book "Critique of the Qur'an" about the stages of fetal development, using Qur'anic verses. One of the most important results of this article is that the suspicions created by Suha (the author of the book) have fundamental problems and the medical content in the Qur'an is consistent with the findings of modern sciences.

The Arabs culture before Islam was affected by its hot and dry environment. This lawless culture governed all over the world and was the reason of people's dissatisfaction .In ignorant culture there was a special view toward women. They had materialistic view toward women .A man was freely able to have ten wives. In this condition Arab poets stated their materialistic needs in their poetry .The holy Quarn , also, by using these useful terms brought about Islamic  worldview. The holy Quran by using mild , exact ,wise and clear words tried to change the ethical corruption of this society .The words and literature of the leaders of tribes and nations can help to improve the culture of a society. Quran has made an effort to refine the couples' relationship on the basis of Islamic culture .This study investigates the role of Quranic literature in cultivation of couples relationship in society and tries to find out the terms and expressions used to refine men and women's behavior. Quran says couples should keep each others secrets as clothing covers our bodies' faults.

One of the medical issues related to jurisprudence regarding to Shar’a justifiability is dissecting cadaver for medical education. Teaching and learning all sciences and techniques, including medicine, is certainly necessary for human beings. Dissection of human cadaver is an introductory course in medical education in one side and obligation to respect for Muslim dead body like the live individual is imperative on the other side. Moreover, irreverence to Muslim-whether live or dead-is forbidden-haram- in Islamic thoughts. The essential question is how it is possible to maintain both respect for Muslim dead body and meanwhile help to improve and develop medical education and related fields in Islamic community by having permission to dissect the dead body of Muslims.In the present article it is attempted to discuss and analyze the opinions of some of great religious scholars in the past and those of the contemporary religious authorities. Furthermore, Fatwa of the Supreme Iranian Leader Ayatollah Khamenei is also quoted here. In conclusion,religious scholars of Islam have emphasized the respect for Muslim dead body and have declared that non-Muslim body should be dissected in medical education.

Every human has a special temperament and human temperament is different. Human temperament is affected by factors and affects some factors. One of the things that is affected by human temperament is human ethics and behaviors. In this article, how this affect is examined and analyzed from the perspective of religion (verses, traditions), philosophy, ethics and medicine.

The method of this study is descriptive and analytical which is done by referring to religious and scientific texts and the obtained information is classified and analyzed.

Some factors affect ethics in an acquired way and some in a non-acquired way. Temperament is one of the acquired and non-acquired factors that affect ethics, because temperament is divided into natural and acquired types. The way temperaments affect ethics is sometimes in the form of positive effects and sometimes in the form of negative effects

Civil liability is one of the most important issues in all jobs. Meanwhile, the importance of this issue in the medical profession is doubled, considering that the medical profession is related to the physical and mental condition of individuals from one perspective and on the other hand is part of the medical obligations that have moral aspects and public conscience. This issue has not been neglected in the knowledge of jurisprudence, and in the principles of Shiite jurisprudence, there are two views on the responsibility of the physician with the phrase "physicianchr('39')s guarantee". But others believe that the physician is not the guarantor in this case, and that their reason is based on the principle of innocence. In this qualitative article, the descriptive-analytical method and collection of information in the form of library and documentary views on jurisprudential and legal views on the civil liability of physicians and the guarantee of disciplinary, criminal and legal enforcement of medical violations will be examined. One of the most important results of this study is that in Islam, the good faith of the physician has been discussed and the physicianchr('39')s intention is to cure the patient, and if he commits an unintentional fault, he may be morally responsible, but he is responsible for compensation. There is no damage. Because the emphasis of the Holy Quran in the words "And we are on the good side of my mustache" and "the punishment of the good of the good except the good" is a proof of the good intention and the intention of the doctor. There is a difference of opinion among jurists regarding the responsibility of the physician, and the Islamic Penal Code recognizes the basis of the physicianchr('39')s fault, although this fault can be assumed and proven otherwise.

There are two categories of material and spiritual causes in human health, moral virtues are one of the spiritual causes that play a major role in ensuring health and it has been mentioned in verses and hadiths explicitly or implicitly. The present study seeks the answer of the question “what is the role of moral virtues in health from the perspective of religious teachings?” by studying verses and hadiths and finding propositions that have pointed to the role of moral virtues on the body and mind. According to the research findings, at least thirteen moral virtues have explicitly or implicitly mentioned the role of moral virtues in physical and mental health. These virtues were: 1. Piety, 2. Eating less, 3. Visiting relatives, 4. Patience, 5. Overcoming anger, 6. Controlling eyes, 7. Avoiding suspicion, 8. Good behavior, 9. Trusting in God, 10. Truthfulness, 11. Gratitude, 12. Silence, 13. Contentment. Some religious propositions have spoken about the role of these virtues in physical health, others mentioned them in mental health, and some, in both physical and mental health. In general, according to religious propositions, possessing moral virtues plays three roles in physical and mental health: 1. Prevention of diseases, 2. Treatment of diseases, 3. Continuity of health.

 Post Traumatic Stress Disorder is a syndrome with some symptoms and caused by exposure to life-threatening accidents. Listening to the Holy Quran is one of interventions that can reduce the severity of this disorder. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of Voice of Holy Quran on post- traumatic stress in mothers of premature infants hospitalized in neonatal intensive care unit.

 This clinical trial study was carried out on 46 mothers of premature neonates hospitalized in Yazd Shohadaye Kargar Hospital in 2018. Samples were selected by convenience sampling and then they were randomly assigned to two groups of the Holy Quran voice and control. For the Holy Quran voice group, Maryam sura with the sound of Parhizgar was playing for 20 minutes daily in the evening shift during two weeks. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 21.

 Mean severity of post-traumatic stress disorder in the experimental and control groups was not significantly different before the intervention (p= 0.55) but after intervention, this difference was significant (p=0). It was lower in the Holy Quran voice group than the control group.

Voice of Holy Quran can be used as a valuable, effective and low cost method to reduce post-traumatic stress disorder in mothers with premature infants in accordance with Islamic culture in Iranian society.

Childhood as one of the fundamental stages of human life can be associated with various vulnerabilities in a way that is more evident in children with chronic diseases. Since these children cannot meet their needs, they need those around them and caregivers, especially parents to help them with their situations. Unfortunately, they sometimes face neglect, ignorance, and limited access to health care services, poverty, violence, etc., which can be a source of frustration and intolerance of disease for them.  Therefore, in order to protect the right to health of sick children, this study seeks to answer the questions of what are the causes and effects of despair in children with chronic diseases and what are the prevention strategies?

This study described and analyzed the content, verses of the Holy Quran, the narrations of the Infallibles (PBUH), the views of Imamiye jurisconsults, national standards and regulations, and international human rights documents to answer the research questions.

Grounded upon the principle “a possible part must not be abandoned by an impossible whole”, providing suitable conditions and environment for sick children as much as possible is essential.

Since various causes, such as insufficient enjoyment of a decent standard of living and disregard for spiritual values and a tendency to be negative, can affect the health and progression of children's illness, however, in the holy Shari'a of Islam, based on the principle of respect for innate dignity of man, equal treatment and observance of the best interests of the child, using hope therapy strategies in promoting spiritual health as the cornerstone of other forms of health is emphasized. Not only does it require the cooperation and assistance of the government, society, family and even sick children, but it also requires more coherent laws and regulations in line with Islamic jurisprudence.

From the travelogues of Western tourists, physicians, etc. physicians in the Qajar era can be deduced as follows: that throughout the geography of Iran, the situation of all types of diseases and patients did not have the same conditions. Due to the geographical dispersion as well as cultural facilities and resistance, the health and treatment of Iranians in different parts of Iran was in very different conditions. The proximity to the capital and the western and maritime borders provided special conditions that varied greatly in the incidence and severity of the disease and its lethality. If we want to list one by one the problems faced by the Qajar kings, it has been one of the most important health problems and treatment of various diseases. The increasing prevalence of infectious diseases on the one hand and the ineffectiveness of traditional medicine methods on the other hand And the occasional outbreak of infectious diseases put a lot of pressure on different strata. In this article, by studying the western travelogues of the Qajar period, we intend to study the health of Iran in that period and the position of traditional physicians and their type of treatment (which was based on Galenian medicine of four natures) and its degree of fusion with superstition magic. Let's examine the extent of the deviations and errors of traditional medicine in the treatment of society's diseases, and why traditional physicians have insisted on these errors and the ways they went wrong. What harms they did to individuals and society, and along with it medicine. What has been the basis of modern treatment methods and the reasons for its acceptance by society? To what extent has the role of Europeans and, above all, European physicians in the process of modernization of traditional medicine? And what have been the most important deterrents and facilitators of society in the modernization of traditional medicine? How has modern medicine been more successful over time than traditional medicine? Finally, we can use library resources to study modern and traditional medicine in the Qajar period based on Western travelogues and with a descriptive and analytical method to compare and observe the available resources and facts and unspoken facts about the role of European physicians and the need We recounted the people who could not be met by traditional medicine in order to reach the correct reasons for accepting traditional medicine in the society of Iran at that time.

In "Islamic jurisprudence" there are various cases that play an important role in human life. One of those cases is the issue of "alimony". Alimony is a legal series that is given to a woman under certain conditions and rules. The sanctity of abortion is one of the primary and certain rules that the generalities of the book and tradition explicitly indicate, but like any primary ruling, it can be changed in case of secondary titles and abortion is allowed. The purpose of this study was to investigate the jurisprudential principles of permitting abortion with emphasis on the jurisprudential rule of antagonism. Jurisprudence means understanding and comprehension, which helps to deduce the rules of Sharia. Jurisprudence means obligatory and non-obligatory laws that have been imposed on human beings by God Almighty. The science of jurisprudence is a science that examines and discusses these laws from various perspectives. Jurisprudential issues such as prayer, fasting, Hajj, transactions and many other issues that are discussed in jurisprudence. In this article, the Qur'anic principles of "examining the alimony of the wife and the fetus with emphasis on the nature of medicine and its rules in the Holy Qur'an and Imami jurisprudence" and its effect on the power and strength of women are examined. Protects against oppression. Therefore, the approach of this article is research-oriented and according to the field and descriptive library research. Some Imami jurists believe that this practice is permissible only when the soul is not blown in the fetus and the preservation of the mother's life is stopped by abortion, and the fetus can be aborted by invoking the rule of adultery. Another group believes that even if the soul is blown into the fetus to protect the mother's life, the fetus can be aborted. And during this period, when the life of the fetus depends on the life of the mother, it is as if her alimony is tied to the alimony of the mother.

The purpose of this study is to analyze and study the methods of recognizing and believing in monotheism based on its philosophical foundations in the Holy Quran.

This research is in the line of applied research and is a qualitative research. The research method is analytical-inferential. After referring to the Holy Quran and extracting the methods of religious education and philosophical foundations under the axes of proving the existence of God, explaining monotheism (intrinsic, attributes, actions, worship, legislation), communication with God and forbidding association with deniers of God

The research findings are:

Awakening of nature, creating questions, reminders, explanations, examples, verses, compilations, historical, allegories, good debate, oratory, dialogue, questioning and philosophical principles: the divinity of human nature, forgetfulness Rebellion, weak creation, inherent dependence on the occurrence and survival and acceptance of God as Creator and eternity and eternity and His oneness and closeness to us and that the judgment is only from God was achieved.

The findings of this study can be used in order to apply in education, especially religious education, and in order to strengthen the beliefs of educators and deal with doubts.

The aim of this study was to design a marital commitment model based on the components of mental health, personality traits mediated by sexual satisfaction in couples referring to health centers in Tehran.

The research method was descriptive-correlational exploratory-consecutive and guided. The statistical population included all couples who referred to health centers in Tehran in 1398. Multi-stage random sampling method and statistical sample size based on sample power software (350 people) and considering the 20% probability of drop in the number of 372 people were considered and analyzed. For data collection, Adams & Jones (1997) Marital Commitment Questionnaire, Goldberg Mental Health (1972), McCray and Costa (NEO-FFI) Personality Traits (1985), Larson (1998) Sexual Satisfaction Questionnaire were used. The desired sample was executed. Data were analyzed using SPSS software and smartpls structural equations.

The results showed that the design of marital commitment model based on mental health components, personality traits mediated by sexual satisfaction in couples is consistent with the theoretical model and has a good fit, as well as a significant study of direct and indirect research paths in women and Men show that: There is a direct relationship between mental health (physical, anxiety, social, depression) and personality traits (neuroticism, extraversion, empiricism, agreement, conscientiousness), sexual satisfaction and marital commitment. On the other hand, the results of the indirect path show that mental health (physical, anxiety, social, depression) and personality traits (neuroticism, extraversion, empiricism, agreement, conscientiousness) are related to marital commitment and sexual satisfaction mediation. There is significance and with marital commitment and mediation of sexual satisfaction in couples referring to health centers in Tehran has had a positive effect.

Mental health and type of personality traits of each couple with mutual understanding of each otherchr('39')s needs can predict marital commitment in the context of effective marital relationships and intimacy, commitment in coupleschr('39') sexual relationships.

The rule of maintaining order is one of the most important rules that has been studied under the secondary provisions, and considering the extent of the provisions of this rule in terms of criminal law, private law and public law, it can be said that the implementation of provisions resulting from maintaining order can According to the implementation of the provisions of jurisprudential rules, such as the no-harm rule, the rule of domination, the rule of iodine, the rule of guarantee of iodine, etc., and the following legal principles such as the principle of expediency, the principle of enforceability of rulings, Society, the principle of legality of the sentence and dozens of other principles should be examined. The rule of maintaining order is a solution in exceptional circumstances, and the jurists, according to this rule, have forbidden any issue that disrupts the system, and have issued a fatwa on what is necessary to maintain order, and therefore the issue of the correct implementation of this The rulings that have been set in order to maintain the system and prevent the disruption of the system are important. Since the application of this rule will be possible in order to execute the binding sentence, therefore, studying the rules and principles governing the rule of maintaining order in the execution of the sentence is important in both jurisprudential and legal dimensions according to the library method. And analysis and description of the contents are studied in the present article.

The aim of this study was to re-examine the Quranic and jurisprudential evidences of selling self-help as one of the Remedies For Breach Of Contract for the purchase of medical equipment.

This research has been done by library studies and descriptive-analytical method. By referring to Quranic, narrative and scientific texts, the necessary information has been obtained and analyzed.

One of the problems that has arisen in recent years in the field of medical equipment is that for various reasons, including oppressive sanctions, some buyers or sellers of Iranian medical equipment are not able to pay the price or the goods and this factor causes uncertainty. The incidence of material damages and losses to medical equipment activists. The main question of the research is: "What is the ruling on Quranic and jurisprudential arguments regarding the sale of self-help (resale) as one of the Remedies For Breach Of Contract for the purchase of medical equipment?" The findings of the research indicate that the requirements of the holy verse "… فمن اعتدی علیکم فاعتدوا علیه بمثل ما اعتدی علیکم…" (Baqarah: 194) and verses 40 of Surah Shura and verse 126 of Surah An-Nahl and other jurisprudential narrations and rules, including the rule of no Loss principle in Islam and the Retalitation rule, as well as legal provisions in similar matters, not only do not contradict this, but also accept it. However, the principle of agreement must be kept and rights of the other party must be taken into account in this regard, and according to the holy verse "… لا تظلمون ولا تظلمون " (Baqarah: 279), neither party to the deal should be wronged or abused.

Medical equipment contractors can sell the property to another and exercise their rights in order to prevent further damage and uncertainty in the fate of the contract. However, this right and authority should not lead to "oppression", "loss" and "injustice" to the rights of the other party, but from the point of view of the Holy Quran and Islamic traditions, justice and fairness should be observed and the rights of the parties to the transaction should be exercised to the maximum.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of compassion therapy based on spiritual awareness on life expectancy, depression and dysfunctional thoughts of women with multiple sclerosis.

The present study was quasiexperimental and the statistical population included women with multiple sclerosis in Isfahan in 1399. Sampling was available as 30 patients were selected and randomly divided into experimental (n = 15) and control (n = 15) groups. In this study, Schneider (1991) Life Expectancy Questionnaire, Beck Depression Inventory (1971) and Weisman and Beck Ineffective Attitudes Scale (DAS-26) (1978) were used. Mindfulness-based compassion treatment based on the book Fallah and Ayoubi (1397) was performed in 8 virtual 90- minute sessions. All collected data were analyzed using SPSS 21 descriptive and inferential statistics.

The results showed that mindfulness-based compassion therapy had an effect on life expectancy, depression and dysfunctional thoughts of women with multiple sclerosis in the experimental group (P <0.05).

The results showed that mindfulness-based compassion therapy can be effective in patients with multiple sclerosis.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of spirituality-based acceptance and commitment therapy on depression and dysfunctional attitudes of patients with multiple sclerosis.

For this purpose, in a quasiexperimental study with pre-test, post-test and control group, 30 patients with multiple sclerosis were selected by recall and available sampling method and randomly divided into control and experimental groups. Were replaced. The intervention was performed in 8 sessions and each session lasted 60 minutes on the experimental group. Groups were evaluated for depression and dysfunctional attitudes before and after the intervention.

The results of analysis of covariance showed that acceptance and commitment treatment had a significant effect on increasing depression and dysfunctional attitudes in patients with multiple sclerosis (P <0.05).

The results of this study support the effect of acceptance and commitment therapy in improving the level of depression and dysfunctional attitudes of patients with multiple sclerosis.

Suffering and critical situations are an integral part of human life and the type of dealing with it and its management, has a direct impact on spiritual health and other aspects of human health. The present study seeks to find out what active interaction one should have with God in the face of suffering. And what is the relationship between each of these interactions and spiritual health?

The present research has been done in a descriptive-analytical manner that data collection was done by documentary method and using library resources and data analysis was performed by qualitative method (interpretive and logical analysis).

Findings indicate that the type of exposure to critical situations plays an important role in weakening and strengthening spiritual health. people who have spiritual health and, consequently, mental, social, and physical health, not only maintain their relationship with God in crises but also deepen this relationship by establishing constructive interaction with Him. Some of the most important active interactions in the face of suffering are patience, perseverance with asking for forgiveness, supplication, prayer, striving for the meaning of suffering, believing in the sufficiency of God in crises, believing in the necessity of testing with suffering, having a sense hope and give alms.

Maintaining the principle of relationship with God and deepening it in the light of active interaction with Him in crises is the best way to get out of critical situations by maintaining and promoting spiritual health. The use of constructive interactions strengthens the spiritual health of the suffering person to attain the “good life” (ḥayātan ṭaīyibah) in the Qur'an, and the good life is the same as complete health with the rule of spiritual health.