فصلنامه نوآوری های آموزشی
پیاپی 74 (تابستان 1399)

The purpose of this study was to identify the dimensions and components of the academic system's partnership in the teacher education process of Iran and to design a model in this area. This research was done using the interpretive approach and the exploratory method. The semi-structured interview was used to collect data. For this purpose, using the purposeful sampling method and the intensity and chain sampling techniques, 15 experts and faculty members of Iran's Society of Educational Sciences and teacher education were selected. Qualitative data was analyzed through the thematic analysis approach and the inductive or grounded theory methods. The Research findings indicated the identification and extraction of 36 sub-components and 9 main components in the form of 5 Dimensions including "the challenging", "theoretical", "practical", "linking theory and practice", and "developmental". The credibility and validation of the results was done by the Delphi technique and implementing the binomial test, in addition to the triangulation in the data collection and analysis processes as well as member checking and peer debriefing meeting. Finally, “the model of the academic system partnership in the teacher education process of the country” was designed and presented.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between the transformational leadership and job performance of second cycle high school teachers of Tehran. The present study was applied in terms of type and it was descriptive-correlational in terms of method. The statistical population included all Tehran second cycle high school teachers in 1397-98 academic year (N = 29756). The research sample consisted of 380 teachers who were selected through cluster random sampling method who were selected from second cycle high schools of Tehran. To collect the data, the standard questionnaire of Bass and Vulli (2000) and Paterson's (1999) job performance questionnaire were used. To ensure the validity of the questionnaires, their content validity and face validity were checked. In order to test the reliability of the questionnaires, the two questionnaires were distributed in a sample of 30 participants and their Cronbach's alpha was calculated using SPSS software. The alpha of the transformational leadership questionnaire was 0.93 and the job performance questionnaire was 0.85. The results showed that all aspects of the transformational leadership have a positive and significant relationship with the teachers' job performance, among which the correlation coefficient of the inspiring motivation (r = 0.491) was higher than the other components. The results of the step-by-step regression showed that from among the components of transformational leadership, in the first step, the component of the inspirational motivation by itself explains more than 23% of teachers' job performance and in the second step the component of the inspirational motivation along with the mental persuasion explain more than 26% of the teachers 'job performance. In the third step, the components of the inspirational motivation, ideal influence, and mental persuasion together predict more than 27% of the teachers' job performance. Beta coefficients showed that the variables of the inspirational motivation, mental persuasion and ideal influence predict the 0.38, 0.32 and 0.23 of the job performance variable, respectively. Therefore, it is possible to improve the teachers' job performance using the transformational leadership.

Professional Learning Community (PLC) is the most effective strategy to improve the level of education and learning at schools. In these communities, the culture of the partnership and collaboration is enhanced and the teachers, students and educators play a greater role in their professional learning and their students' learning.This collaboration assists them to make constructive criticisms on the teaching methods and learn from their colleagues which result in their knowledge and skills' improvement and students’ enjoying better education. Also, in the meantime they also learn how to establish and administer a network of knowledge and skills. Utilizing descriptive-analytical approaches, this study aims to identify the theoretical backgrounds and contexts for developing the PLC's. In addition, by introducing and explaining the framework of the five different PLCs, including the PDSA, Cascading, Diagnostic, logical model and the third space, while explaining how to form the school learning communities, during the three stages of description, analysis and interpretation, evaluation criteria were extracted based on the basic components of PLCs and the models were judged based on them. The results of their comparison at the four determined levels showed that none of the models under study were desired, because they did not have all the determined indicators at high level. So, preferably it is better to suggest a model from among the models under study based on a combination of the components and key features. Such a model could be an integrated, comprehensive (elements, components and key features of the models) and nativised one which has the ability to perform and implement its elements and components at school in a way that is understandable and acceptable to its members.

This article seeks to recognize and explain the concept of the language of possibility in the curriculum and education with an emphasis on the primary school level. This is a Philosophical research: Conceptual analysis. Therefore, firstly, by means of the conceptual interpretation method, the recognition of the concept of language of possibility was considered and its various meanings were briefly investigated. This preliminary discussion made it clear that recognizing the concept of language of possibility as a human capacity is not an easy task and it should be addressed as an unfinished project for educators, especially, policy makers who are thinking about innovation and transformation in this field. Following this discussion, by means of the conceptualization method, the use of language in the curriculum and education is discussed. This implies the adoption of a new principle in the educational design to focus on how responsive is teaching to the power of language as a mental tool and a valuable resource in the teaching-learning process. In the next section, by means of the conceptual structure assessment method, the necessity of nurturing the language of the possibility of teachers in the educational systems from different dimensions was discussed. Among these dimensions, one can mention the role of the curriculum in acquiring the potential mental capacities or "building the mind" using the voice and views of students and teachers, the role of language teachers' ability to nurture the creativity, problem statement, and the development of multiple literacy in students. In the last part of the paper, as a conclusion, some solutions were proposed to get out of the current unfavorable situation.

The evaluation of the attained first cycle primary school Farsi curriculum - grades one to three – is the third level of the evaluation of the primary school Farsi curriculum. After evaluating the intended and implemented curriculum, the purpose of its evaluation is to determine the competencies and inadequacies of the attained curriculum at grades 1 to 3. The evaluation of the attained Farsi language arts curriculum was done through a field study. Three written and oral tests on the writing skills of Farsi, Farsi spelling, fluent reading and reading comprehension were conducted among the sample students selected in the related provincesTo answer the research questions, the comparison, analysis and deductive inference based on the detailed result of the tests. First, the characteristics of the realized objectives was identified through conducting the questionnaire in a purposeful sample of the Farsi textbook developers and the selected primary school teachers. Then, based on the expected characteristics, the written and oral tests were conducted in a clustered sample, selected from the schools of the 4 provinces. The tests for assessing the learning achievements of the students of grades 1 to 3, based on the theoretical foundation and nature and objectives of the periodical evaluation of the first cycle primary school Farsi curriculum, were researcher-made and they were all valid. To design and review of the test items, the questions developed by the teachers of the related provinces, were used after several rounds of screening. For more content and face validity, the views of the three selected expert teacher have been used to revise the test items at two stages. To validate the tests, they were conducted at two male and female schools (one class of each grade) during the two consecutive days and there were some revisions in text and the arrangement of the test items. To revise and evaluate the results of the tests at the different grades, Certain criteria have been considered after validation and getting the agreement. One of the most important findings is that in terms of the Farsi writing skills, the achievement of the students of grades 1 to 3 was much lower than the targeted achievement, near the limited achievement and rather weak. In majority of the reading, comprehension and vocabulary criteria, the male primary school students showed a high degree of shortcoming in language arts achievement and reading literacy. In terms of the writing skills, Farsi spelling and writing skill, legibility, the overall progress of the students, especially among the students of male schools is inappropriate and illegible, almost below the relative achievement, limited and weak. The students have shown the greatest weakness in terms of mastery of the handwriting skills.

The aim of this study was to analyze the characteristics of spatial configuration and the effect of layout and spatial organization in the form of schools plan on integration, depth, connectivity, visual connectivity (Transparency), Intelligibility.For this purpose, the Dar al-Fonun school as the first modern-style educational building with central organization and the Shahpour (Beheshti) school as Examples of modern schools with linear organization, were selected for analysis. The main question of this research is that what is the relationship between how the spatial organization is organized and the index of integration, depth, connectivity, visual connectivity (transparency), Intelligibility in the form pattern of case study schools plans? The research method used in the research is descriptive-analytical in the case sample and, ultimately, logical reasoning. The tool used in research includes library studies, field observation, and finally simulation using space syntax. The findings showed that at tow Schools, the highest degree of integration, connectivity, and visual connectivity and the lowest depth are for central space. And the numerical values of the attributes listed in Dar Al-Fenun School with Central Organization are greater than the Shahpur School with Linear Organization.Both schools also have numerical Intelligibility above0/7. Then,There was a significant relationship between the type of spatial organization and the amount of indices in the schools studied. Therefore, the use of a central model in school plan has been one of the important factors in creating spatial cohesion and integration among the school spaces.

This study seeks to identify the function of the virtual social networks in educating the literates and illiterates in Lorestān province. It was a qualitative research with the grounded theory design. The research population consisted of specialists in the field of virtual the education, media institution, education, and the low- literate and illiterate people. The sample was selected through "purposeful and theoretical sampling". The data collection tool was "the in-depth interview" and after interviewing 15 experts, the theoretical saturation was obtained. Also, the "Strauss and Corbin" approach and the three steps of open, axial and selective coding were used to analyze the data. The central phenomenon of this study was "media knowledge poverty". The causal conditions governing it are "virtual inferiority, traditional beliefs and ideas, and the virtual non-sociability." The prevailing contexts are " the legal barriers to the virtual development education, the poverty of the specialized knowledge and the retrospective understanding of virtual education". The intervening conditions on the central phenomenon are "virtual incompatibility, cost-benefit-based view and learning motivations' weakness ". Media knowledge poverty alleviation strategies focus on "the need-based education, integration of the virtual education, and the continuous performance appraisal," resulting in the implications of " the sense of the effectiveness of virtual literacy, applied content creation, educational empowerment, and the organizational modernization." The results showed that poverty of policy making in the field of virtual education and the legal gap in the literacy have doubled the contexts and mechanisms for overcoming the poverty of the media knowledge. This, along with a sense of the virtual inferiority, traditional beliefs and thinking, the virtual non-sociability of the literacy students have led to the maladaptation and the reluctance of the low-literates and illiterates towards the space and consequently the virtual education.