فصلنامه دانش و پژوهش در روانشناسی کاربردی
پیاپی 80 (تابستان 1399)

The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of schema therapy on general health, rumination, and loneliness of divorced women. The research method was semi-experimental with pre-test and post-test design with control group. Twelve volunteers who were referred to counseling centers in Sari, were selected by volunteering method. They were randomly assigned to two experimental and control groups and assigned to the social and emotional loneliness scale of adults (2004), the general health questionnaire (1972), the scale Nullen Hoeksma and Marrow (1991) rumbled in pre-test and post-test. The experimental group was trained in ten sessions based on the Young Schematic Protocol, Calcesko and Washir (2003). The results of the findings, using multivariate covariance analysis, showed that schema therapy significantly increased general health and reduced rumination and loneliness of divorced women. Anxiety (P=0.02), disruption in social function (P=0.001), depression (P=0.039), rumination responses (P=0/000), distracting responses (P=0/000), romantic loneliness (P=0,000), family loneliness (P=0,035) and social loneliness (P=0.007) in the experimental group receiving the intervention were different from that of the control group. It is recommended that Advisers and therapist’s use of schema therapy rules to rehabilitate women after divorce in order to increase general health, reduce rumination and facilitate social relationships.

This purpose of the research was to study the effect of Islamic-Iraian reality therapy on couples’ marital satisfaction, life satisfaction, and communication skills. Population included couples who referred to the counseling and psychiatric services Bahar of Shiraz who had marital conflicts. 30 couples were selected by convenience sampling. Then, they were randomly assigned to two control and experimental groups, of which size was 15 couples per group. The research method was semi-experimental with control group, pre-test, post- test. Islamic-Iraian reality therapy training package was used for training Islamic-Iraian reality therapy, which included 10 sessions per hour. Marital satisfaction( Ulsoon ,1998),Life satisfaction (Diner,1985) and Communication skills (Nooran,1967) scales were used to collect data. Data were analyzed by descriptive indices and analysis of covariance. findings showed that Islamic-Ianian reality therapy significantly affect all three variables including Marital Satisfaction, Life Satisfaction, and Communication skills (p≤0/0001), so that the mean of the variable in post-test of the experimental group was more than the control group.Therefore, it can be generally concluded that Islamic-Iraianreality therapy is a suitable method for increasing couples’ compatibility and marital satisfaction.It can be generally concluded that Islamic-Iraian realit.

The present research aimed to investigate the effectiveness of acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) on psychological well-being and resilience of mothers having a deaf daughter in the city of Isfahan. The research method was semi-empirical in the type of pretest–posttest with a control group. Statistical population included all mothers having a deaf daughter who was studying in a deaf girls’ school and a normal school in Isfahan city at the same time in the year 2017. The research instruments comprised of Ryff’s Psychological Well-being Scales (1989) and Connor-Davidson (2003) Resilience Scale. Using purposive sampling method, 30 people were chosen, and 15 mothers were randomly assigned to the experimental group and 15 mothers to the control group. Then, for the experimental group the acceptance and commitment therapy which by Wells and Sorrel (2007) has been developed in 10 sessions of 90 minutes was implemented. For data analysis, covariance analysis was used. The results indicated that acceptance and commitment therapy led to an increase in psychological well-being and resilience of mothers who had a deaf daughter (p < 0.05).

The aim of this study assessment the effectiveness of meta-cognitive therapy on cognitive attention syndrome in female students with social anxiety disorder. The statistical population of this study was all female students with social anxiety disorder at Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences 2018-19. The method of this research was quasi-experimental with pre-test, post-test and follow-up with the control group design. The research sample consisted of 30 individuals that were randomly assigned into two groups of 15 experimental and control groups. The tools used were the Social Anxiety (Connor et al., 2000), Back Depression-II (Beck et al., 1996) and Cognitive Attention Syndrome (Wells et al., 2009) questionnaires. The experimentation group was for 8 sessions, an hour, as a group, underwent meta-cognitive therapy intervention but the control group receive no any intervention. The crude data analysis using SPSS-21 software and descriptive and inferential tests, Univariate covariance analysis were performed. The findings showed that in the experimental group, a significant decrease in cognitive/ attention syndrome was observed after the intervention (P<0.001). These results were maintained during the follow-up stage (P<0.01). According to the results obtained, and the continuation of its effect, the use of meta-cognitive therapy is recommended to reduce the rate of cognitive / attention syndrome in patients with social anxiety disorder.Results showed in the experimental group a significant decrease in cognitive / attentional syndrome after intervention (P <0.001). These results were also maintained at follow-up (P <0.01). Based on the results, and the continuing effect, the use of meta-cognitive therapy to reduce the rate of cognitive / attention syndrome in patients with social anxiety disorder is recommended.

The aim of this research was to investigate the effectiveness of mindfulness training on resiliency andcognitive emotion regulation strategies in pregnant women. The research method is semi-experimental and the pretest- posttest design with control group was used. 30 pregnant women referring to the health centers of Rasht city in autumn 2016, were selected using available sampling were assigned using random sampling method in two experimental and control groups (each 15 patients). The survey on Connor and Davidson Resiliency Scale (2003) and Garnefsky et al (1999) Cognitive Emotion Regulation Strategies Scale was conducted for both groups separated by two months interval. Next, eight-session mindfulness group therapy was conducted for the experimental group. The control group did not receive any intervention. Data were examined with statistical test of analysis of covariance. Findings of the study showed significant effects of mindfulness therapy on resiliency and emotion regulation strategies in pregnant women (P<0/01), and level of resilience and the use of adaptive emotion regulation strategies in the experimental group increased compared to the control group (P<0/01).Mindfulness group therapy is effective on resilience and emotion regulation strategies in pregnant women.

The purpose of this study was to determine the role of self-compassion and wisdom in anticipating depression in the elderly. The statistical population of the study consisted of all elderly people over 60 years of age in Kermanshah in 2019. A total of 200 elderly members of the Association of retired persons were selected through accessible sampling. In this research the Self-Compassion Scale (Neff, 2003), The 3D Wisdom Model (Ardelt, 2003) and Geriatric Depression Scale (Yesavage, 1982) were used to collect information.Data were analyzed by Pearson correlation and multiple stepwise regressionanalysis and via SPSS25 software. Findings show that self-compassion and wisdom are correlated with depression. Also, the results of regression coefficients showed that%25 of variance of depression was predicted by self-compassion and%19 of variance by wisdom. Therefore, the high level of self-compassion and wisdom as important factors in improving mental health reduces the risk of depression in the elderly.

the purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of emotional and social adjustment on students' high-risk online behaviors. The research method was descriptive-correlational. The statistical population was the first high school students of Isfahan city in the academic year of 1398-99. 222 students were selected randomly as the sample group using Cochran formula. They responded to the Student Adjustment Questionnaire (Sinha & Sing, 1993) and The Problematic and Risky Internet Use Screening Scale (PRIUSS) (Jelenchick et al, 2014). The collected data were analyzed using regression analysis. The results showed that adaptation dimensions had a positive and significant role on online high risk behaviors (r = 0.368), (p <0.01). The results of regression analysis showed that 13.6% of the changes in online high risk behaviors can be predicted by emotional adjustment. Therefore the emotional adjustment alone was able to predict online high risk behaviors (p <0.01) and (t= 5.83). The ability of adaptation to predict online high-risk behaviors suggests that it can be a prerequisite for students' vulnerability to online high-risk behaviors. In other words, by reinforcing it in schools, it can reduce the harm associated with students' online behaviors.

The main purpose of this research was to study the effect of mindfulness on decision-making styles with considering the mediating role of self-reflection. The study was correlational and the population included all employees of Parsian Gas Refining Company (working there, in winter 1396). 178 people were selected through Stratified random sampling method. Research instruments consisted of Mindfulness Questionnaire, Self-reflection Scale and Decision Making Styles Questionnaire. Data were analyzed with the use of Structural Equation Model (SEM) through AMOS-16 software packages. Analysis of structural equation modeling indicated that default model fit the data. The results also showed that there is significant direct effects of mindfulness on self-reflection (p< 0.01), self-reflection on styles of decision-making (p< 0.05) and mindfulness on styles of decision-making (p< 0.01) and Moreower, there are significant indirect effects of mindfulness on styles of decision-making through self-reflection (p< 0.01). According to the study it can be concluded that mindfulness both directly and through self-reflection, can affect efficient decision-making style.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between organizational bullying and employees' organizational silence with the mediating role of psychological contract violation in governmental organizations in Lorestan province. The study was practical in terms of purpose, relational in terms of research type, and structural formula in terms of modeling type. The statistical population of the study was 1317 employees of general offices of Lorestan province organizations based in the city of Khorramabad. Based on Morgan table, a sample size of 297 was selected by stratified random sampling. In order to measure the variables of the research, (Einarsen, Hoel & Notelaers',2009) Organizational Bullying Questionnaire, (Morrison and Robinson’s,2000) Psychological Contract Violation Questionnaire and (Brinsfield’s,2013) Organizational Silence Questionnaire were used. The reliability of the questionnaire was confirmed by Cronbach's alpha. For data analysis, structural equations modeling and PLS software have been used. The results indicate that organizational bullying both directly or through psychological contract violation increases the organizational silence of employees in governmental organizations of Lorestan province (P<0/05).

The purpose of this study was to determination the contribution of each of the variables of spiritual health, optimism and forgiveness to predict the psychological well-being of the students of Payam-e-Noor University of Dolatabad Center. The research sample consisted of 120 students from among 1477 students of different faculties of this university who were selected randomly and in a cluster sampling. The research method was correlation of the predicted type.The instruments were, the Rif questionnaire (1980), the Spiritual health questionnaire from the viewpoint of Islam Mousavi Moghaddam (1392), Carver & Shire (LO), Life Inventory (LOT) questionnaire (1985) and ehteshamzadeh (2010) Interpersonal Forgiveness Inventory (IFI) (2010) used.Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and stepwise regression analysis.The findings showed that the average psychological well-being of students was 62.61%. The results of stepwise regression analysis also showed that spiritual well-being significantly predicted the psychological well-being of students (P = 0.0001). But the addition of each of the variables of optimism and forgiveness to the spiritual health variable does not significantly increase the predictive power of psychological well-being of the students. The results of the hypothesis test showed that psychological well-being had a significant relationship with spiritual well-being, optimism and forgiveness of students.

The aim of this study was Comparison of rumination, sense of helplessness, and magnification at different ages and their relation to stress coping styles in visitors of a mental health monitoring website during the first week of coronavirus outbreaks. This research was descriptive and correlational. The statistical population of the study was consisted of all visitors to a mental health assessment website during the period of February 21st to 29th, 2020. The sample of this study consisted of 933 visitors who purposefully answered Catastrophizing Scale (Sullivan, 2009), and Coping Styles Questionnaire (Endler & Parker, 1990). Data were analyzed using analysis of variance and Pearson’s correlation coefficient. The result showed that there was a significant difference between subjective rumination, Sense of helplessness, and magnification at different ages of society at the time of the outbreak of coronavirus (P <0.05). Rumination was different at different ages. The sense of helplessness was less with age. Magnification was less common in people over 45 years old. Correlation between variables showed that problem solving coping strategy was negatively related to feelings of helplessness, magnification, and rumination (P>0.05). Emotionalism was positive relation with all three variables (P>0.05). Avoidance was positive relation with magnification and rumination (P>0.05).

The aim of this study was to investigate the differences parenting skills in mothers with chronic pain and healthy mothers. This study was causal-comparative and its statistical population was included all women referred to the Pain Clinic of Imam Hossein Hospital, Tehran. Sixty-two mothers with chronic pain and Fifty-eight healthy mothers were evaluated by convenience sampling method and using Alabama Parenting Questionnaire (Frick, 1999) and Von Korff Questionnaire (Von Korff, 1990). The data were analyzed by analysis of variance. Statistical analysis showed that there is significant difference between mothers with chronic pain and healthy mothers in involvement, positive parenting, Inconsistent discipline and poor supervision (P<. /05), but there was no difference in punishment (P>./05).