نشریه فرماندهی و کنترل
سال سوم شماره 2 (پیاپی 8، تابستان 1398)

Threat assessment is a fundamental task in command and control systems in military domain. This process must be fully real time and with high precision. Expert systems as decision  support systems, guide the commander to the best decision in minimum time. in this paper, by hybrid of  Bayesian networks and Belief rule based systems we propose a Probabilistic Rule based model to improve model construction and inference process. In proposed model, number of parameters in compare of two main method in threat assessment, Bayesian networks and rule based systems such as fuzzy, Is too much less and construction of model and inference process, Is much faster. This is an important feature in threat assessment and weapon allocation systems. In addition, weighting causes and interaction between them, Simple diagnosis and fast correction, are important advantages of proposed model.Simulation results for a 4 aerial target scenario, show that proposed model is better in compare with related method, in must validation criteria.

Critical mission systems are in high demand in the defense industry and are essential to the Battlefield. Facilities and applications in modern network wars are considerable. The battlefield and operation area supported by smart devices and become intelligent. There are some challenges such as scalability, accessibility, and tolerable on these systems. In this paper, a 4-layer hierarchical architecture consisting of various processing layers including sensors, mobile smart devices, edge computing, fog computing, and federated clouds are proposed to improve the battle awareness in the troops and improving combat effectiveness. The hierarchical structure, the centralized situational awareness capability, the division of tasks into independent sub-processes and the use of different transmission media results in better decision making, timely access to services and the reduction of constraints. The results indicate the performance and effectiveness of this architecture for command and control services on the battlefield.

Reducing transportation problems regarding safety, traffic and consequently the human, social and economic impacts is one of the main challenges of human societies. The incremental increase in driving violations and their harmful effects are one of the most important social issues in different countries. Multimedia/unstructured data has grown dramatically over the last few years. The share of big data and behavior detection in this regard are more likely to be addressed by controlling the mechanized violation of drivers. In the current system, control is carried out by human sources (police or operator). The purpose of this research is to control the mechanized violation of drivers based on distributed architecture and the Map / Reduce programming model that reduce processing time (CPU time) with Hadoop. In order to investigate and test the proposed system, information about cameras available in the city has been obtained from the Traffic Control Center of Yazd city in Iran. The results indicate that the processing time for a big data using Hadoop and executing the program only with a single slave-node decreases by more than 87% relative to the implementation of the program sequentially. Also, system performance increases by increasing the number of data nodes by more than 75%. The algorithm presented in this article without 24-hour operator is able to recognize inappropriate and violation behavior of drivers. Therefore, if the operator is not present, the driver's behavior will not be out of sight.

Effective strategy of human recourses is the strategy  that coordinate organization sufficiency with environment opportunities and threats and access the thing that are organization goals. Object of this research is pattern presentation of foresight for increase effect of human recourses strategies and specify effect rate of foresight factors on increase alignment between human recourse processes and defense organization goals. For access research object, admixing method of soft system modeling and interpreter structural modeling is used and after specify foresight effective aspects on increase effect of human recourses activities, separate and specify effect of each foresight factors on increase effect of human recourses activities on defense organization goals access. Results of research is specify how and rate foresight effect in range of threat eliminate and opportunities utilize, effective defense in unequal wars, defense technology absorption, defense equipment compound in battles planning, defense departments expansion or frisk and weapons concentration effective situations on accessing defense organization goals and present operation pattern for directed usage and increase effect of human recourses strategies on defense organization goals access.

Organizational capabilities are considered as the source of an organization's achievement of competence and the achievement of competitive advantage and maintaining the survival of an organization in a complex and turbulent environment of competition. There are many definitions of this concept, and there are different interpretations of it, which has led to the complexity and ambiguity of managers and people who are concerned with managing organizational capabilities. To manage these capabilities, the first step is to identify and extract the organizational capabilities model. Because the resources and potentials of each organization are unique, the capabilities of each organization are unique. The OODA cycle is a model that has been developed to explain the natural phenomenon of how information, thought, and decision making are processed in humans. This cycle also shows how individuals and organizations learn and therefore how they adapt to their surroundings or cannot adapt. In this paper, by introducing the existing perspectives on the concept of organizational capabilities, the application of a comprehensive model of organizational capabilities (which is based on the abstraction of existing models of applied studies in governmental and non-governmental production and service organizations, using a metha-synthesis method) using The AHP method is presented as an OODA cycle emulator.

Communication and computer is two important technology in the C4I that supports from the elements of command and control, intelligence,surveillance and reconisance. Enemy intercepts, locates and identifies all communication and cyber- systems activities used in our country's command and control network using advanced communication intelligence(COMINT) sensors from land, sea, space, and cyberspace.The main issue of this research is the lack of being modern the passive communication strategies of the communication systems of the country against the threats of interception and detection by enemy communication intelligence sensors.Therefore, non-communication defense aims to increase deterrence, reduce vulnerability, maintain essential activities, promote national sustainability,facilitate crisis management and secure cyber and communication systems. This is one of the best ways to deal with threats and interception measures, locating, and identifying communication and cyber systems by enemy's communication intelligence sensors.The present article, after presenting materials related to various threats against communication systems used in command and control networks, examines the performance of passive communication defenses and strategies to deal with the threats of communication intelligence sensors.This applied and developmental research is a mixed case-field research method, the method of data collection is documentary and surveying and the tool is interview and the statistical population is 60 people.SWOT matrix was used to analyze internal and external environments and formulate strategies and TOPSIS software was used to prioritize the communication  passive defense strategies of the country in response to various threats of enemy communication  intelligence sensors.