فصلنامه انتظام اجتماعی
سال دوازدهم شماره 2 (تابستان 1399)

Today, sports tourism is one of the areas that can contribute to the social bond of society. The purpose of this study is to investigate the role of security and perceived risks in promoting the social bond of winter sports tourists.

In terms of its objectives this study is of an applied research type and in terms of its method it is based on structural equations modeling. The statistical population of the study consisted of all the tourists of the ski slopes in Tochal and Dizin region that had a history of at least 6 months of continuous presence or at least five times a year in the history of visiting these slopes. Cochran's formula was used to obtain the sample size which was set at 272 individuals. The purposive random sampling method was employed for sampling. All statistical calculations of this study were performed using SPSS statistical software and the analyses related to structural equation modeling were conducted using Amos software.

Security has a significant and positive effect on social connection (Sig. = 0.001, t = 7.349), on perceived risks (Sig. = 0.001, t = 4.404) and perceived risks have a significant and positive effect on social bond (Sig. = 0.001, t = 3.177). Finally, the results of structural equations show that security has a positive and significant effect on the social bond of winter sports tourists through the mediated variable of perceived risks.

Creating appropriate security conditions and perceived risks play an important role in promoting the social bond of winter sports tourists. For this purpose, in addition to providing security, issues such as the presence of trained staff and the optimal performance of the complex during accidents should be prioritized.

With the increase in the number of criminal behaviors in Qazvin Mehr Housing, especially the types of theft, strife and conflict and social corruption, it is necessary to prevent the growth of this type of crime with a preventive approach. The purpose of this study is to identify situational prevention methods in reducing the crimes among Qazvin Mehr Housing migrants.

In terms of its objectives this study is of an applied research type and in terms of its method it is considered as a descriptive-analytical research. The statistical population consists of law enforcement experts (55 individuals) and residents of Mehr Housing Complexes (30,000 individuals). 430 samples (48 experts and 375 residents) were selected using Morgan Table. The data collection tool was a researcher-made questionnaire whose validity was confirmed through content validity and its reliability was confirmed by Cronbach's alpha coefficient (0.98) prior to the study. Finally, the data were analyzed using SPSS software and statistical tests of analysis of variance and Pearson correlations.

The findings of the research, while confirming and in line with the findings of the research background, show that according to the values of standardized regression coefficients, the variable of increasing the threshold during crime with a standardized coefficient of β = 0.271 has the greatest effect on the dependent variable of crime prevention among the immigrants of Mehr Housing. On the other hand, the variables of using supervisory technologies and reducing the chances of committing a crime and reducing the success of a crime are in the next ranks in terms of the effectiveness, respectively.

The results show that the multiple correlation coefficient of R = 0.788, the intensity of the relationship between criterion and predictor variables was very strong and effective at the same time. The square of multiple correlation coefficient  = 0.620 also indicates that the predictor variables (increasing the risk threshold of committing a crime, increasing the threshold during the crime, increasing the risk of identifying and arresting criminals, using supervisory technologies and reducing opportunities for crime, and reducing the success rate of crime), explain 62% of the changes in the criterion variable (crime prevention). Therefore, it is possible to reduce crime in these areas by preventive measures (while reducing I. R. I. Police costs and behavioral tensions between the police and Mehr Housing migrants), especially supervisory technologies and reducing crime opportunities and reducing the success of crime.

Education Organization, as one of the most important and large systems of the Islamic system, can make a great contribution to the production of social security. The main purpose of this study is to investigate the causes of tendencies and the ways to prevent crimes and educational injuries in analyzing the content of textbooks for high school students.

The research method in this study is content analysis and the unit of analysis is "sentence" (phrase). Considering that so far the topics of crimes and social harms have been discussed only in the textbooks of "Social Studies" and "Thinking and Lifestyle" at the eighth grade in the first year of high school, and the educational programs of the schools are focused on the topics in these books, therefore, the statistical population of this study is the textbooks of "Social Studies" and "Thinking and Lifestyle" of the eighth grade of the first year of high school in the academic year of 2018.

From the total number of phrases related to "components of education to deal with crimes and educational injuries" in the textbooks of "Social Studies" and "Thinking and Lifestyle" of eighth grade students, 24.3% are related to "Causes of tendency to crimes and educational injuries" as the most index rate, "Addiction" with 35%, and the lowest index rate of "intoxicating alcohol consumption" with 3% is mentioned. Out of a total of 75.6% related to "Ways to prevent the tendency to crime and educational injuries". The most used index rate was "anger, rage, aggression, conflict" with 44.5% and the lowest index was "trafficking" and "alcohol and wine consumption" each with 3.5%.

The general result of the research is that in the textbooks of students, serious attention has not been paid to the causes of the tendency to crimes and social harms, and the mentioned cases do not follow a purposeful, rational and formulated logic.

Proper restorative justice can play an effective role in preventing recurrence of crime and increasing social security. The effectiveness of the envisaged restorative justice measures requires cultural and social infrastructure. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to identify social and cultural barriers to the implementation of restorative justice in Isfahan province.

In terms of its objectives the present study is of an applied research type and in terms of its nature it is considered as descriptive-analytical. The data were collected using a researcher-made questionnaire with a five-point Likert scale. The validity of the research was confirmed using construct and face validity the reliability of each of the studied concepts was calculated through Cronbach's alpha coefficient. The sample size was set as 359 individuals using quota sampling method appropriate to the statistical population of officers and judicial officials of the Isfahan Prosecutor's Office and Court and based on the Cochran's formula. The research data were described using frequency distribution, relative percentage and mean; and after Kolmogorov-Smirnov normality test, the data were analyzed by non-parametric tests (Kruskal-Wallis, Pearson correlation).

Based on the descriptive findings, the average attitudes of officers, prosecutors and court judges towards the implementation of restorative justice in the range of 1-5 were 3.28, 2.94, and 2.75, respectively. On the other hand, the average social barriers among them in the range of 1-4 were 3.10, 2.38, and 2.89, respectively, and the average cultural barriers among them in the range of 1-4 were 2.63, 2.77, and 2.249. In other words, despite the moderate attitude towards the implementation of restorative justice, social and cultural barriers to its implementation are somewhat above average among respondents. Also, based on analytical findings, younger prosecutors and officers familiar with criminal procedure have a more positive view towards restorative justice.

The greater the social and cultural barriers of officers, the more negative their attitude towards the administration of restorative justice. According to court judges, with the increase of social barriers, the administration of restorative justice decreases, and finally, the lack of necessary training for judges of the judiciary make their attitude towards the restoration of restorative justice more negative.

Internet addiction is a broad construct that includes Internet games and other forms of Internet addictive use. The aim of the present study was to investigate the fit of the structural equation model of perceived social support and life satisfaction with Internet addiction with the mediating role of social capital.

The method of the present study is correlational and structural equation model type. The statistical population in this study includes all students of Payam-e Noor University of Mahabad in the academic year of 2019-2020 and the statistical samples were 205 students from Payam-e Noor University of Mahabad who were selected by multi-stage cluster random sampling method. The data were collected using Young Internet Addiction Questionnaire (1998), Diner & Larson (1985) Life Satisfaction Questionnaire, Perceived Social Support of Zaimat et al. (1988) and Nahapit & Gushal (1998) Social Capital Questionnaire. To analyze the data, correlation and path analysis methods were used with SPSS and Amos software.

The results showed that there is a relationship between perceived social support (r = -2.92), life satisfaction (r = -0.86) and social capital of trust (r = 0.81) and social capital of empathy (r = -0.88) with Internet addiction (p <0.001). The results of modeling analysis showed that the indirect paths of life satisfaction and social capital to Internet addiction through perceived social support have a fit (RMSEA = 0.07 and CFI = 0.99).

In the concept of Internet addiction, life satisfaction, social capital and perceived social support should be considered, and according to the results of the present study, it can be said that the low level of desirable relationships with family, friends and life satisfaction with increasing addiction to the Internet is relevant to young people

Today, the coronavirus outbreak has become a major global crisis and has affected many countries, including Iran. One of the consequences of the coronavirus outbreak is the creation of social phobia and rapid changes in people's lifestyles, which have been caused by social networks. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of social networks in the formation of social phobia and lifestyle changes caused by the corona virus in Kermanshah.

In terms of its approach the present study is quantitative and in terms of type and nature it is considered as a descriptive and survey type. Data collection tools were a standard questionnaire for social phobia and a researcher-made questionnaire for lifestyle change. The statistical population included citizens over 20 years old in Kermanshah. The sample size was 320 individuals who were selected by multi-stage cluster random sampling method. Factor analysis technique (construct validity) was used to assess validity and Cronbach's alpha was used for instrument reliability. Pearson correlation test and analysis of variance were used to analyze the data to test the hypotheses and Multiple Regression was used to test the experimental model. Data processing and analyses were performed using SPSS software.

The results showed that social networks have a significant effect on the formation of social phobia (r = 0.222) but have a non-significant relationship with lifestyle changes (r = 0.031). Also, domestic social networks have significant and inverse effects on the formation of social phobia (r = -0.175) and lifestyle changes (r = -0.115). The results of regression show that social networks Viber, Instagram and Facebook were able to explain 0.176 of the changes in lifestyle variables and Soroush messengers were able to explain 0.017 of the changes related to lifestyle changes.

In order to form logical and desirable behaviors instead of dramatic behaviors such as social phobia in the use of social networks, social agents have their priority in organizing information and knowledge and informing the target community about the constructive and harmful cases of these networks and their role and various social activities in the community

Today, law enforcement crime prevention is one of the fundamental factors in laying the groundwork for security. A sense of security is one of the most important human needs that will lead to development and excellence. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of law enforcement crime prevention in urban environments on social security among citizens of Bandar Abbas.

In terms of its objectives the present study is of an applied research type and in terms of its nature it is considered as descriptive-analytical, which was conducted by survey method. The statistical population of the study included the citizens who referred to the police stations of Bandar Abbas in 2019, that was 305 individuals and 170 of them were selected using Cochran's formula and random sampling method. The validity of the measurement tool was obtained using content validity methods (expert survey) and its reliability was calculated by calculating the Cronbach's alpha coefficient for the law enforcement Crime Prevention Questionnaire (0.78) and the Sense of Security Questionnaire (0.85). Analyses with inferential statistics, including Pearson correlation coefficient, regression and Friedman were performed using SPSS software.

Findings show that law enforcement crime prevention has a positive and significant effect on the sense of security among the citizens of Bandar Abbas (p = 0.671). Also, according to Friedman test, people's knowledge of police duties is in the first priority with a coefficient of 2.20, as a result, it has the greatest effect on the sense of security. Further, police interaction with other organizations with a coefficient of 2.02 is in the second priority and police discipline with a coefficient of 1.78 is in the third and final rank, thus having the least effect on the sense of security.

The results show that the more law enforcement crime prevention, the greater the sense of security of citizens. By the increase of law enforcement crime prevention, the citizens of Bandar Abbas have more sense of security.

Social prevention of crime against citizens' property, especially residential areas, is one of the areas that requires constructive interaction between the police and municipalities. This study aims to identify and investigate the interactive challenges of police and municipality in the social prevention of urban home burglary.

In terms of its objectives the present study is of an applied research type and in terms of its procedure it is considered as mixed research. The participating community in the qualitative stage included the managers of police and municipal organizations in the city of Ahvaz, 12 of whom were selected by purposive sampling method. The statistical population of the study in the quantitative stage consisted of two groups of commanders and law enforcement managers and managers of Ahvaz municipality (76 individuals). The sample size was determined as 69 individuals using Morgan Table. In the qualitative stage, brainstorming session was used as a data collection tool. In the quantitative stage, a researcher-made questionnaire was used. The face and content validity of the assessment tool was finally confirmed by 7 control experts and after applying their opinions, the reliability of the questionnaire was obtained using Cronbach's alpha coefficient (0.86). Quantitative data were analyzed through independent t-test using SPSS software.

The results of Levin's test on the similarity of variances show that only in three cases a significant level of 0.05 has been obtained and the H1 hypothesis of inequality of variance between the views of the two groups is confirmed. In 8 other cases of interactive challenges of law enforcement management and municipal institution in the field of social prevention of home burglary in Ahvaz, the significance level of Levin's test is higher than 0.05.

The results of the research indicate that there is no disagreement on most of the challenges of interaction between I. R. I. Police and the municipal institution in managing home burglary prevention. Therefore, it can be concluded that in the interactive areas of police and municipality, there is theoretically no difference of opinion between the managers of these two organizations, and therefore the need to implement interactive strategies in this area seems obvious.