مجله رویکردهای نوین در مدیریت ورزشی
پیاپی 29 (تابستان 1399)

The aim of this study was to identify the environmental and service dimensions affecting violence in spectators of Iran popular premier league teams. The methodology of this study was qualitative and exploratory type. Firstly, library documents were studied to prepare a list of factors that affected violence and then in-depth and semi-structured interviews were conducted with 17 experts. The sampling method was theoretical and purposive. After interviews were conducted and the expertschr('39') viewpoints were analyzed, environmental-service indices affecting the violence of spectators of Iran popular teams were identified. These indices were in the form of two main dimensions: environmental and service and there were 8 sub-dimensions. According to the results of the present study, it can be said that the 8 environmental and service dimensions were of great importance which could play a significant role in the satisfaction or dissatisfaction and consequently the incidence of violence and aggression. Paying attention to each of these dimensions can improve spectators’ attendance and create a relaxed environment for all classes, especially families.

The aim of this study was to develop an interpretive structural model for the development of sport for all based on global approaches. Due to the nature of the study, the mixed methodology was used. The qualitative phase of the study was based on the grounded theory and the quantitative phase was performed using interpretive structural modeling. The statistical population included experts in this field with more than 10 years of work experience and the sampling was performed by purposive sampling method and according to theoretical saturation. In the qualitative section, 12 experts were interviewed, and sport for all indicators were identified by the grounded theory and the modeling was performed using interpretive structural analysis. The results showed that 45 codes in the form of 15 concepts and 7 categories (indices) influenced the development of sport for all. Also, the ISM matrix showed that the interpretive structural model of sport for all development with a global approach consisted of six levels: legal environment, economic and infrastructure, media, lifestyle, social, and participation in sport for all. Therefore, it is suggested that the identified indicators based on the research model should receive the sport authorities’ attention so that sport for all in Iran can be developed.

The aim of this study was to explain the model of innovative behavior in the employees of Iran sport federations. The study was a descriptive survey and applied in terms of objectives. The statistical population included all employees in Iran sport federations and 250 subjects were selected as the sample by stratified random sampling method. A researcher-made innovative behavior questionnaire was used to collect data. Face validity of this questionnaire was confirmed by experts and professors’ viewpoints and construct validity was confirmed by first order confirmatory factor analysis. Data were analyzed by Kaiser-Mayer-Olkin test, Bartlettchr('39')s test of sphericity, explanatory factor analysis test, VARIMAX rotation technique and confirmatory factor analysis using SPSS23 and LISREL8.70. The results showed that the status of innovative behavior of employees could be categorized in seven components: organizational capacity of innovative behavior, strategy of innovative behavior in organization, innovative behavior limitations, participation in organizational innovation, individual needs in innovative behavior, making new ideas for innovative behavior and advantages and functions of innovative behavior. Based on these findings, it seems that innovative behavior can be expected to be one of the functional and administrative infrastructures and bases for success and effectiveness in sport federations if we focus on the factor of organizational capacity in addition to other dimensions of innovative behavior like individual needs, making new ideas and advantages and functions of innovative behavior.

It has always been of great importance to select competent managers in organizations. The reason is that the competency of managers can play an important role in the development of societies. One of the arenas where requires following a scientific model to select competent managers is sport federations in Iran. Therefore, this qualitative study aimed at developing a native model to select heads of sport federations in Iran using grounded theory. 23 interviews were conducted with experts. The outcome of these interviews was a set of basic themes that were collected through the open coding process and some items were extracted from them; then, in the axial coding step, the connection among these items was determined under the following titles: causal conditions, phenomenology, strategies, contextual factors, interventions and the consequences of selecting the heads of sport federations. Then, in the selective coding stage, the story process was plotted. In this study, the causal conditions affecting the selection of the heads of sport federations were divided into two general categories: communication skills and required sport expertise in accordance with the federation. Intellectual capital management skill was determined for the intrusive factor and social popularity and acceptability were determined for the dominant platform. Personality traits, managerial features, planning skills, and negotiating and problem solving techniques were also considered as the core item. Moreover, managerial resume in the sport federations and financial management skills were identified as strategies and effective political behaviors, human resource skills and interaction with media were also included in the outcomes of this model.

This study aimed at designing social media sport marketing model. This qualitative study was conducted using grounded theory with the Strauss and Corbin approach. To collect data, documents and semi-structured interviews with experts were used. The statistical population consisted of sport professors and managers who were experts on the social media marketing. Sampling method was purposive and non-random and 13 experts were interviewed until reaching theoretical saturation. For data analysis, open, axial and selective coding method was used. Data analysis identified 5 main components, 25 subcomponents and 317 open codes or concepts. Finally, paradigm model of social media sport marketing was developed. Human resources, specialists, education and volunteer were identified as the most important causal factors in the model. Social media power, the difference between traditional and modern media, tendency to digital systems, easy access, audience category, price, search, paper media and inefficiency of traditional media were the most important contextual factors. Intervening factors included restrictions, infrastructure and managers ignorance. Finally, strategies including promotion, communications, loyalty, content production, branding, trust building and public relations were suggested. It seems that managers can benefit from the achievements of social media sport marketing model if they implement the model in sport organizations.

The purpose of this study was to develop a model of sustainable development of sport entrepreneurship in Iran from the point of view of strategic thinking using a systematic design of data theory. The participants in this study were experts and experts in the fields of sport management, entrepreneurship. The sampling method was theoretical; sampling was continued until theoretical saturation was reached; and after 17 theoretical saturation interviews. The research tool was in-depth and exploratory interviews. The validity of the findings was determined by member matching methods, peer review, and pilot interviews. Open, axial and selective coding was used to analyze the data. Interviews were conducted in Quality Data Analysis Software, MAXQDA. The open, axial and selective coding process was identified in the six dimensions of paradigm model including: causal causality, central categories, strategies, influencing factors, confounding factors and outcomes. In general, in order to achieve the sustainable development of sport entrepreneurship, in addition to creating rules to facilitate the conditions for the presence of government entrepreneurs, it must move towards privatization, open the field to the private sector and play a supporting role itself; Graduateschr('39') educational processes towards entrepreneurship and self-employment should be encouraged.

Among the different approaches presented for the interaction between the organization and the turbulent environment, strategic agility has been considered as the dominant paradigm of business in the third millennium and as the best option for survival of most productive and service organizations. The aim of this study was to determine the mediating role of human capital in the effect of strategic agility on creativity of employees in Gymnastics Federation of I.R.I. The methodology was correlation with a structural equation approach; the study was applied which was carried out as a survey. The population consisted of gymnastic elites of Iran. 368 subjects were selected from 9096 subjects as the sample of the study by stratified sampling method and Cochran formula. Three questionnaires were used to collect data: Amiri Human Capital (2012) with 28 items, Mangrove Strategic Agility (2013) with 30 items and Randsip Organizational Creativity (1979) with 50 items. Pearson correlation coefficient and structural equation modeling were used to analyze the data using SPSS and AMOS software. The results showed a positive and significant relationship between strategic agility and creativity (0.48) and human capital (0.71). On the other hand, considering the mediating role of human capital, the effect of strategic agility on creativity reached 38%. Strategic agility will cause a dynamic ability to effectively change with uncertain conditions of market in order to take advantage of upcoming opportunities and will ensure the correct way to solve exceptional problems and enjoy new ideas and change in personal interests in order to pursue career goals or promotion and effort and devotion to the growth of organization by the employees.

Television is one of the important elements of the global communication industry, that is to say this mega-media which consists of various channels and programs has severely affected the lifestyle of most people. The aim of this study was to identify those factors affecting the branding of sport-based television programs in Iran. In this correlational study, which was conducted with an applied method using an exploratory factor analysis approach, 164 media and sport management experts who had sufficient knowledge of visual and auditory media participated in the study as the research sample. They responded voluntarily to a researcher-made questionnaire consisting of 39 items. This questionnaire was designed by the study of related books and articles, and its face and content validity as well as its reliability were confirmed. Findings from exploratory factor analysis showed that 4 factors were identified as those affecting the branding of sport-based television programs in Iran:  program approach, contextual factors, performance quality and program content. These 4 factors explained more than 70% of variance in the branding of sport-based television programs in Iran. The overall result of the study showed that most of the effective variables in the branding of television sport programs are under the control of broadcasting managers so a strategic planning in this area can pave the way for the development and productivity of the branded television programs.

The aim of this study was to develop a model to improve the quality of citizenship sport management performance in Isfahan city based on the CIPP model. This study was of a descriptive nature, an applied in terms of objectives which was conducted with qualitative and quantitative methods. The statistical population included specialists and experts in the field of sport management and executive managers in the field of citizenship sport in Isfahan city. The sampling method in the qualitative part was purposive using semi-structured interviews and in the quantitative part was a researcher-made questionnaire using convenience sampling method. In order to correct and improve the interview questions, the Delphi method was used in four stages. After the interviews were conducted and the required points and factors were completed, comprehensive themes of the CIPP model were created and organizing themes (criteria) and basic themes (markers) were developed for each of these four themes. The results indicated that the output with regression weight of 0.66, process with regression weight of 0.59, input with regression weight of 0.54 and context with regression weight of 0.49 had the most effect on the performance of citizenship sport management. In this regard, improving the performance evaluation system in citizenship sport management, changing the planning based on the sport needs of participants in sport for all, the opportunity to modify and review citizenship sport programs and regularly reviewing sport needs scientifically by experts can improve the performance of citizenship sport management.

The aim of this study was to develop a personal brand shaping model for Iran professional athletes. The research methodology was a mixed exploratory sequence based on the method of collecting data. In the qualitative stage, data were collected by semi-structured interviews with 23 professional athletes, coaches, sport marketing managers, psychologists and sport sociologists. The research sample was selected using purposive and snowball sampling methods. In the qualitative stage, the data were analyzed by coding method in three stages: open, axial and selective and the findings included 91 concepts in open coding, and were categorized in the form of 31 concepts in axial coding. In the selective coding stage, those factors influencing the personal brand shaping of professional athletes in Iran were modeled.  In the quantitative phase, the sample consisted of 220 participants who were selected by stratified random sampling method. In the quantitative stage, the research instrument was a researcher-made questionnaire. Smart PLS software was used to validate personal brand shaping model for Iran professional athletes. According to the results of t test, the factor loads of all components were significant at 99% of confidence level and played a significant role in shaping the personal brand model of professional athletes in Iran.