Journal of Research and Health
Volume:10 Issue: 4, Jul Aug 2020

Vitality and happiness are one of the important components of social welfare affecting individuals' efficiency and quality of life. Lifestyle variations, especially the type of health-oriented lifestyle, are important determinants of social happiness. According to this, the aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between lifestyle and social happiness of women over 18 years in Sanandaj in 2017-2018.

The method of this study was descriptive type of correlational. The statistical population consisted of women over 18 years in Sanandaj. The sample size was 380 based on the Cochran formula and were selected by multi-stage cluster sampling. The research's tool was a combination of Walker's Standard Questionnaire and researcher-made questionnaire.

The Pearson correlation and regression analysis were used to analyze the data by SPSS 22 software. Descriptive results indicated that dimensions of healthy life-style (spiritual growth and Self-actualization, responsibility about health, interpersonal relationships and nutrition, exercise and physical activity, and stress management) caused 37% of changes in the happiness among women of Sanandaj. In addition, the effect of interpersonal relationships has been more than the others.

Based on findings, it can be concluded that choosing a healthy lifestyle will lead to increase happiness among women and in this field, the role of interpersonal relationship as one of lifestyle indicators for happiness is more determinative and important so it would be worthy of attention to the cultural, medical and even educational centers of Iran.

Multiple Sclerosis (MS) affects various aspects of a patient’s life. This study aimed to investigate the effect of positive thinking training on the quality of life and emotion regulation among patients with MS. 

This research was a quasi-experimental study conducted on a sample of 40 patients selected by convenience sampling method. Eight 90-minute sessions of positive thinking training were held for the experimental group for two months. The Post-test and follow-up were conducted at the end of the sessions and a month later, respectively. Ware and Sherbourne Quality of Life Questionnaire (1999) and Ibanez et al. Self-Regulation Scale (2005) were used for collecting the data. The data analyses were conducted using the analysis of covariance. The inclusion criteria were suffering from MS and being able to read and write. The exclusion criteria were having mental disorders, cognitive disorders, a history of substance addiction, and other neurological disorders. 

The results demonstrated a significant difference between the scores obtained by the groups with regard to emotion regulation (Eta-squared=0.62, P<0.001). Besides, considering physical health, there was a significant difference between the scores obtained by the groups (Eta-squared=0.53, P<0.001), and considering mental health, there was a significant difference between the scores obtained by the groups (Eta-squared=0.74, P<0.001). 

These results indicated that positive thinking training was effective in improving emotion regulation and promoting quality of life in pre-test, post-test, and follow-up. Authorities are recommended to conduct programs based on positive thinking training to promote emotion regulation and increase MS patients’ quality of life. It is recommended that training positive thinking skills be conducted as a regular program at associations and organizations, which support MS patients to promote the levels of quality of life and emotion regulation among these patients.

It has long been recognized that the intake of foods contaminated with chemicals, especially heavy metals can give rise to acute intoxications. The toxic properties of heavy metals are due to their long biological half-lives, as well as non-biodegradable and persistent composition. Considering the importance of the cereal products in the human diet, the present investigation was carried out to assess the human health risk of residue levels of Al, Cr, Pb, and Zn in the domestic and imported spaghetti.

In this descriptive study, 18 samples of Iranian and imported spaghetti were collected from the market in Kermanshah City, Iran, in 2015. After the preparation and processing of the samples in the laboratory, the concentration of metals was determined using the inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy. Then, statistical analyses were performed in SPSS (version 19) by running the Shapiro-Wilk test, one-way ANOVA (Duncan multiple range test), Independent t-test , and Pearson correlation coefficient.

The results showed that the mean concentrations of Al, Cr, Pb, and Zn in Iranian spaghetti samples were 655.56±400.35, 211.11±92.80, 2666.67±948.68, and 588.89±116.67 µg/kg, respectively and in the imported spaghetti samples, these values were 2022.22±1940.86, 677.78±393.0, 3300.0±728.0, and 866.67±685.57 µg/kg, respectively. Moreover, Health Risk Index (HRI) values in adults and children via consumption of Iranian and imported spaghetti were within the safe limits (HRI <1).

Considering the serious contamination of some samples of Iranian and imported spaghetti by Al and Pb, the control of heavy metals content during the whole production processing of spaghetti is suggested.

The present study aimed to investigate maladjustment based on identity status among students of the University of Tehran.

In a descriptive-correlation and retrospective study, 107 male college students at the University of Tehran were selected by convenience sampling method. The extended objective measure of ego identity status and MMPI-2 college Maladjustment (Mt) scale were used for data collection. The obtained data were processed by using ANOVA with SPSS V. 22.

Findings indicated significant differences among achieved, moratorium, foreclosed, and diffused identity statuses (P<0.05). Also, there is a significant difference between diffused and achieved identity statuses. Individuals with diffused identity status have a higher level of maladjustment than individuals of other identity statuses.

According to the findings of the present study, individuals without identity exploration and commitment are more vulnerable to maladjustment behaviors. So these students need psychological intervention.

Cardiovascular diseases are among the most prevalent causes of morbidity and mortality. This research investigated the relationship between physical activity, lipid profile, and new anthropometric cardiovascular risk factors among men.

This cross-sectional study was conducted on 155 adult men (30-50 years old) who were selected randomly from 250 men called by public announcement. Standard methods were used to measure their anthropometric indices and then they were asked to complete the Baecke questionnaire. ANOVA was used to compare basic anthropometric and clinical characteristics in different age groups followed by Tukey’s posthoc test. A correlation of anthropometric measurements with glucose and lipid parameters was determined by the Pearson correlation coefficient. P<0.05 was considered as a significant level. 

The Mean ±SD age of the participants was 39.8±0.5 years. Their Mean±SD Body Mass Index (BMI) was 25.6±0.3 kg/m2 with a Mean±SD Neck Circumference (NC) of 38.4±0.1 cm, and Mean±SD Wrist Circumference (WRC) of 17.4±0.0 cm. There was a statistically significant difference between age groups concerning height, BMI, WRC, and Fasting Blood Glucose (FBG). The NC showed statistically significant correlation with weight (r=0.7, P<0.001), triglyceride (r=0.1, P=0.033), High-Density Lipoprotein (HDL) (r=-0.2, P=0.007) and Physical Activity (PA) (r=-0.1, P=0.020). Also the WRC had statistically significant correlation with weight (r=0.7, P<0.001), height (r=0.1, P=0.021) and HDL (r=-0.1, P=0.024).

Measuring NC like other methods was a potential assessment tool of cardiovascular risk factors and can be used for epidemiological studies. Also, WRC had no significant relation. However, WRC’s negative correlation with HDL was very important and can indicate the health status of individuals.

The quality of marital relationship is affected by several factors. This study aimed to examine the role of personality factors in the relationship between family-of-origin health status and marital adjustment. 

This study is of descriptive method and the design is correlational based on path analysis. The study population consisted of all married men and women in Qazvin who spent at least one year of their marriage. Accordingly, 300 married adults (150 men and 150 women) were selected via available sampling method and participated in the study. Data were analyzed using structural equation modeling and Bootstrap test in the Amos software. The conceptual model of the family of origin health status, personality factors and marital adjustment had goodness of fit.

The results of structural equation modeling suggested that family-of-origin health status is directly related to marital adjustment (β=0.490, P<0.01). In addition, Bootstrap test showed that personality factors -neuroticism (β=0.461, P<0.001), extraversion (β=0.455, P<0.005), agreeableness (β=0.452, P<0.001) and conscientiousness (β=0.448, P<0.001) have indirect effect in the relationship between family-of-origin health status and marital adjustment. 

Based on the results, it can be said that individual’s experiences from the family-of-origin and personality factors may be associated with better or worse levels of marital adjustment.

Not much is known about correlates of HIV-related self-stigma among female sex workers. Using the theory of planned behavior in the Malaysian context, this study investigated the relationships of HIV knowledge, attitudes towards HIV, attitudes towards people living with HIV, perceived social support, self-esteem, and age with HIV-related self-stigma, also how much of the variance in HIV-related self-stigma is explained by the variables.

Self-administered close-ended questionnaires were administered to 134 female sex workers, as a subgroup of HIV-at-risk individuals, selected using a combination of snowball and respondent-driven sampling methods.

Self-administered close-ended questionnaires were administered to 134 female sex workers, as a subgroup of HIV-at-risk individuals, selected using a combination of snowball and respondent-driven sampling methods.

A majority of the respondents substantially stigmatized themselves, despite good HIV knowledge, high self-esteem, and favorable attitudes towards both HIV and people living with HIV. Attitudes towards HIV was more favorable than attitudes towards people living with HIV. The respondents received higher social supports from a special person, followed by friends, and family members. Age, attitudes towards HIV, and attitudes towards people living with HIV were significantly and negatively correlated with HIV-related self-stigma. Age, attitudes towards HIV, and attitudes towards people living with HIV collectively explained 18% of the variance in HIV-related self-stigma.

HIV knowledge, perceived social support and self-esteem did not enter the final model to explain variance in HIV-related self-stigma. This study advances our understanding by clarifying the relative contribution of age, attitudes towards HIV, and people living with HIV in the variance of HIV-related self-stigma among female sex workers at risk of HIV.

In this paper, the health expenditures function of developing countries is estimated with a panel data model. 

All credible determinants of health expenditures in these countries are probed and their coefficients are found out. Variables that affect health expenditures in developing countries are income, demographic features, social characteristics, and technological progress. Old proportion is used as a proxy of demographic features, education as a proxy of social characteristics, and improved sanitation as a proxy of technological progress. 

The results show that the effects of these variables on health expenditures are 0.050094, 10537.04, -2681.737, and 3406.551, respectively. Since it was revealed that health expenditures determinants in these countries are not under the direct control of the government, an increase in health expenditures is inevitable in the near future. This condition would jeopardize the feasibility of not only financing this newly extended part of the economy but also all social security schemes. Greater investments in health care without corresponding economic and tax revenue growth may result in fewer resources for state-funded social services, which may influence health outcomes. 

Since it was revealed that health expenditures determinants in these countries are not under the direct control of the government, an increase in health expenditures is inevitable in the near future. This condition would jeopardize the feasibility of not only financing this newly extended part of the economy but also all social security schemes. Greater investments in health care without corresponding economic and tax revenue growth may result in fewer resources for state-funded social services, which may influence health outcomes. Therefore, we highly recommend that governments pursue cost containment measures, concentrate more on investment in human capital to enhance health care education with consequential benefits, improve health throw sectors other than the health sector and enforce health in all policy. Thus, all policymakers in executive and legislative branches of government should participate in health improvement and health expenditures containment. For that matter, health policies need to expand to address all factors, including those outside the medical system. In this article, these factors are discovered and their effects on health expenditures are estimated.

The family is one of the most important factors in the all-round development of the children. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between family communication patterns and adjustment with resiliency in children. 

This study was descriptive and correlational. The study population comprised all sixth-grade elementary school students in Ahvaz City, Iran in the 2016-2017 academic year. The study sample was selected by a multi-stage cluster sampling method. The revised family communication patterns instrument of Koerner and Fitzpatrick, Connor-Davidson resilience scale, and multidimensional adjustment scale were employed in this study. To analyze the data, the Pearson correlation and systematic regression were used. 

In this study, conversation orientation with resiliency (r=0.22) and adjustment has a positive and significant relationship. Besides, the adjustment (β=0.26) was also a positive and significant predictor of the family communication pattern. Therefore, the results showed that conversation orientation (β=0.19) and resiliency (β=0.19) are the positive and significant predictors of the adjustment. Finally, the results showed that family communication patterns and adjustment were the best predictors of student resilience (P≤0.01). However, there was no significant relationship between resiliency and adjustment with an orientation of conformity (P≤0.01). 

Results suggested that predicting variables can increase resiliency and adjustment of students.