فهرست مطالب

Journal of Research in Dental and Maxillofacial Sciences
Volume:5 Issue: 3, Summer 2020

  • تاریخ انتشار: 1399/07/10
  • تعداد عناوین: 7
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  • M. Shirzaiy*, F. Neshat Pages 1-6
    Background and Aim

    Oral health can be influenced by habitual areca nut chewing. The consumption of products containing areca nut, such as paan, gutkha, supari, etc., is common in Asian countries, such as India, Bangladesh, and Pakistan. In Iran, areca nut product consumption is common in the southeast of Iran, especially in Chabahar, Iranshahr, and Nikshahr cities, which are in proximity to the Pakistan border. These products are easily accessible in these areas and are widely used due to a lack of awareness about their disadvantages. Areca nut contains tannins and alkaloids, such as arecaidine, guvacine, arecoline, and guvacoline. Arecaidine can stimulate the synthesis of collagen by stimulation and proliferation of fibroblasts. This review article aims to evaluate the effects of areca nut on oral health.

    Materials and Methods

    Research was performed in the PubMed, ScienceDirect, Web of Science, Google Scholar, and Scopus databases, and 35 articles were selected in total.

    Results

    By reviewing the studies, it was found that areca nut products cause periodontal disease as well as oral lesions, which can become malignant with continuing use.

    Conclusion

    Areca nut product chewing has deleterious effects on oral and dental health. Tooth fracture, periodontal disease, leukoplakia, lichenoid lesions, oral submucous fibrosis (OSF), and oral cancer can be correlated with areca nut use. Therefore, public health proceeding to discontinue areca nut consumption is advised to control premalignant and malignant lesions, such as OSF and oral cancer.

    Keywords: Areca, Habits, Oral Health
  • M .Sezavar, Sh .Shafaei Fard, H .Sharifzadeh, R. Pahlevan*, A. Badkoobeh Pages 7-14
    Background and Aim

    The reduction of temporomandibular joint disorders (TMD) is one of the most significant concerns in dentistry. In contrast to initial treatments, such as pharmacotherapy and physiotherapy, which act as temporary tranquilizers, growth factors have shown promising results in the stimulation of cell division. Given the limited research on the positive impact of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) on the permanent treatment of joint disorders in the knee and the temporomandibular joint (TMJ), we sought to investigate the effect of PRP on TMD.

    Materials and Methods

    Twenty patients (40 sides) presenting with TMD from 2011-2016 were included in this split-mouth clinical trial. TMD was documented by evaluating pain, limitation in movement, joint sounds, and deviation of the mandible during mouth opening. Next, 0.6 ml of PRP prepared from subjects’ blood was injected into the joints. Patients were followed-up 2, 4, and 6 months postoperatively. The severity of pain was evaluated using Mann-U-Whitney test. The other criteria were analyzed using chi-square test at the follow-up sessions and McNemarchr('39')s test within each group.

    Results

    The analysis of the results showed no difference between the two groups at the two-month follow-up. The pain intensity reduced significantly at 4- and 6-month follow-ups (P<0.05). Limitation in movement and joint sounds decreased from the second- to the sixth-month follow-up (P<0.05 and <0.02). The treatment seemed to have no impact on mandibular deviation (P<0.9).

    Conclusion

    Treatment with PRP seems to be a favorable adjunct in several criteria of TMD.

    Keywords: Pain, Platelet-Rich Plasma, Temporomandibular Joint, Temporomandibular Disorders
  • SH. Naser Mostofy, A .Zarbakhsh, MM .Alaei, T. Bitaraf* Pages 15-20
    Background and Aim

    Oral bacteria can proliferate in the implant-abutment interface (IAI) and cause inflammation in the peri-implant tissues and adjacent bone. This study aimed to assess the effect of zirconia and titanium abutments on the microleakage of the IAI under oblique cyclic loading conditions.

    Materials and Methods

    In this in-vitro study, 12 implant-abutment assemblies with zirconia and titanium abutments, in two groups of six, were vertically mounted inside resin blocks modified with autopolymerizing polyester base. The specimens were subjected to 75N oblique cyclic loading at an angle of 30±2° to the longitudinal axis of the implant at a frequency of 1 Hz at 500,000 cycles, which is equivalent to 20 months of human masticatory force. Fuchsine solution was used to evaluate the microleakage. To examine the penetration of fuchsine into the IAI, the fixtures were cut from the middle using a cutting machine. Then, the amount of fuchsine penetration in each of the samples was measured with a stereomicroscope at ×75 magnification at three points in each semicircle (cut implant), and the average of these six points was recorded as microleakage (µm). T-test was used to compare the microleakage after load with the significance level set at 0.05.

    Results

    The microleakage ​​rate after cyclic loading was 66.08±11.66 µm in zirconia abutments and 39.17±10.65 µm in titanium abutments, which was significantly higher with zirconia abutments (P=0.002).

    Conclusion

    Microleakage after oblique cyclic loading varies depending on the type of abutment. Titanium abutments showed significantly less microleakage than zirconia abutments.

    Keywords: Dental Implants, Dental Leakage, Abutment, Zirconia, Titanium
  • M .Falahati, F. Golmohammadi*, R. Darabi, M .Jafari Pages 21-25
    Background and Aim

    Temporomandibular disorders (TMD) encompass several entities with different etiologies. Considering the high prevalence of TMD and the effect of this complication on the development of orofacial complications, this study aimed to determine the prevalence of TMD and its associated factors in patients referring to the Department of Prosthodontics of the Dental School of Isfahan Islamic Azad University, Isfahan, Iran.

    Materials and Methods

    A cross-sectional study was conducted on 202 patients for TMD evaluation. Standardized checklists and paraclinical measures were used. SPSS was used with chi-square test, t-test, and one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) to perform the statistical analysis with the level of significance set at P<0.05.

    Results

    The prevalence of TMD in 202 patients was 43.6%. The average age of TMD patients was significantly higher than that of people without TMD (P=0.012). There was a significant difference between the two groups (with and without TMD) in the history of maxillofacial trauma (P=0.014) and restricted mouth opening (P=0.02). The Dawson classification, maxillofacial surgery, orthodontic treatment (P=0.42), and parafunctional habits (P=0.46) were not significantly different between the two groups.

    Conclusion

    Since the frequency of TMD is remarkably high, dentists should look for signs of TMD on a routine schedule to minimize the long-term effects of this disorder. There was no significant relationship between TMD and the related factors, except for the trauma. It is recommended to study the etiology of this disease considering its recognized complications.

    Keywords: Temporomandibular Disorders, Dental Occlusion, Occlusal, Risk factors
  • F .Sayar*, B. Hatami, N. Akhondi, E. Amini, Sh. Pourkarimkhani Pages 26-32
    Background & Aim

    Oral hygiene instructions are routinely provided at schools by health mentors and dentists. Recently, oral hygiene instruction by peers has gained popularity. This study aimed to compare the effect of oral hygiene instruction by dentists and peers on the level of knowledge of twelve-year old children.

    Methods and Materials:

     In this interventional randomized clinical trial, four schools were randomly selected. The level of oral health knowledge of students was assessed by a pretest. Oral hygiene instructions were then provided by dentists in control schools and by peer mentors in test schools. Knowledge of students about oral health was evaluated in the two groups immediately and after 1 month post instruction. The mean test scores were analyzed using SPSS version 20 and compared between the groups using two-way and repeated measures ANOVA.

    Results

    Oral hygiene instruction enhanced the overall knowledge of students about oral health immediately and at one month after the instruction compared with baseline in both groups (P<0.05). The overall knowledge score of students in the test group was higher than that of the control group immediately and at 1 month after the instruction (P<0.05).

    Conclusions

    It appears that oral hygiene instruction by peer mentors can effectively increase knowledge acquisition with regard to oral health-related topics. Thus, peer mentoring in health-related topics is recommended as a practical and cost-effective approach. Considering the different pattern of learning in boys, repetition and reinforcement of instruction can promote their knowledge level in long-term.

    Keywords: Health Promotion, Knowledge, Oral Health Education, Peer Group, Students
  • SA .Ara, A. Fatima* Pages 33-36
    Background and Aim

    After triple-course vaccination against Hepatitis B (HB), there may be a failure to increase antibody titer value or to maintain it at satisfactory seroprotective levels. This study aimed to evaluate the rate of seroprotection in dental students after receiving complete doses of HB vaccination.

    Materials and Methods

    In this cross-sectional observational study, Anti-HBs levels of 100 dental students, who had received triple-course HB vaccines, were examined. Titres of more than 100 mIU/ml were considered as protective. The association between various parameters, like gender, age, duration of the last vaccination, booster dose, and comparison of anti-HBs levels at various durations from the last vaccination, was assessed.

    Results

    Of the 100 participants, 52 were females and 48 were males. The participants’ age ranged from 22 to 31 years with the mean age being 28.12±2.552 years in females and 26.88±3.512 years in males. Overall, 65% of the participants had a good immune response i.e. anti-HBs values were more than 100 mIU/ml, 24% had a moderate immune response i.e. anti-HBs values were 11-99 mIU/ml, and 11% had a poor immune response i.e. anti-HBs values were less than 10 mIU/ml.

    Conclusion

    There was a substantial failure rate in attaining or preserving satisfactory anti-HBs values after routine vaccinations against the HB virus (HBV). Hence, it is very important to determine post-vaccine serological anti-HBs values to take proper booster doses and maintain adequate immunity levels.

    Keywords: Hepatitis B Vaccines, Dental Students, Acquired Immunity, Immunization Programs
  • A. Peimani, P .Abedi*, H. Hajjafari Pages 37-42
    Background and Aim

    Extraction of teeth in diabetic patients can be followed by some complications such as delay in recovery of hard and soft tissues, dry socket, and increased risk of infection. This study investigated the impact of low-level laser therapy (LLLT) on tooth socket healing following extraction of maxillary molars in male rats.

    Materials and Methods

    In this experimental study, 30 male rats were divided into control and case groups. All rats were made diabetic with streptozotocin (STZ). After one week, the second molar of all rats was extracted. Helium-Neon (He-Ne) laser from a distance of 5 mm immediately irradiated tooth sockets in the experimental group for 120 seconds, which was continued until the third day. All the rats were sacrificed on days 3, 7, and 14 after the extraction in both groups for pathological evaluation of the amount of granulation tissue, angiogenesis, and the newly formed bone trabeculae, fibroblasts, macrophages, neutrophils, and lymphocytes. The results were statistically analyzed using Kruskal-Wallis test and one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA).

    Results

    LLLT could increase angiogenesis until day three (P=0.009), reduce the number of lymphocytes after day fourteen (P=0.001), increase the number of fibroblasts and neutrophils (P<0.05), reduce the extent of granulation tissue during the study (P<0.05), and elevate the extent of bone trabeculae after day fourteen (P=0.001).

    Conclusion

    The results indicated that low-level He-Ne laser therapy could reduce inflammation and accelerate the wound healing process in diabetic rats.

    Keywords: Diabetes Mellitus, Low-Level Laser Therapy, Rats, Tooth Socket