نشریه رویش روان شناسی
سال نهم شماره 5 (پیاپی 50، امرداد 1399)

One of the new epistemological approaches in the field of career counseling is life design, which is expressed through nonlinear, dynamic, and contextual processes that conceptualizes one's inner identity. Individuals gain meaning through various narratives of their life dimensions that derive from their inner identity and the interpretation of experiences and interactions between social and individual factors. The main question is how can researcher’s personal narrative and interpretation of experiences from the mystical pilgrimage of Hajj make meaning of career life? The purpose of this study was to analyze the experience of the researcher's journey in the Hajj-e-Tamat'yah. The method of this study was qualitative auto- ethnography and personal narratives. Therefore, the findings of the study were derived from personal narratives and experiences of the researcher's pilgrimage trip in 2015. The findings indicated that Hajj's journey is a process with many outputs and through its narration we can distinguish between different aspects of this journey and people's career life in terms of multidimensionality, purposefulness, order, ability created cognition, unity, agency, practice, mission, purity, aspiration, barriers, and communication with others and designed the career life. Therefore, it can be concluded that Hajj's journey can be used as a model of career life design.

Sleep problems are very common among students and can negatively affect their performance. The present study aimed to compare psychological distress and aggressiveness in students with good and poor sleep quality. This study was descriptive with a causal-comparative design. The statistical population of the study was all undergraduate students of the University of Kashan in 2018. Multi-stage stratified sampling was used to select 246 students (101 males & 145 females) from three faculties. The participants provided their demographic information and filled in Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale (DASS), and Buss–Perry Aggression Questionnaire (AQ). Multivariate Analysis of Variance (MANOVA) was run in SPSS (version 22) to analyze the data. The results indicate that student with poor sleep quality, compared to those with sufficient sleep quality, experience higher levels of psychological distress including anxiety (p<.001), depression (p<.01), and stress (p<.01) as well as aggressiveness (p<.05). Therefore, low sleep quality could be accompanied by psychological distress and aggressiveness among students. Hence, it is necessary to consider designing and implementing comprehensive programs for improving students’ sleep quality as well as other interventions for enhancing their psychological wellbeing.

This study investigates both quality and type of perception that females with panic disorder experience toward death and its consequences. Research design was grounded theory. Semi-Structured In-Depth Interviews were used to collect data. Population included females suffered from panic disorder under treatment procedure in Counseling Centers and Psychiatric Services, Qom city, Iran, spring and summer of 2018. 13 patients were purposefully sampled. Their age range was 22 – 52 year.  The analysis of data led into 11 main strata extracted from 39 initial concepts. The findings of this study included the two main categories of negative attitude (fear of death, ambiguity of death, fear of death of loved ones, non-existence, and helplessness) and positive attitude (emancipation). Negative consequences of death were anxiety (negative emotions, interpersonal disturbances, diminishing positive experiences, impaired daily functioning, and excessive attention to health). The results showed that death anxiety is one of the most important components of panic disorder and has many negative consequences for identifying its elements which can play an important role in the treatment of panic disorder. it is necessary to treat the panic disorder at the same time  their death anxiety can also be met with methods of increasing death awareness and exposure while preventing recurrence of panic disorder while increasing the effectiveness of treatment.

The purpose of the present study was to determine the effectiveness of psychodrama treatment on social anxiety of migrant adolescent girls. The research design was quasi-experimental with pre-test /post-test with control group. The statistical population consisted of all Afghan female students in two public schools in District 12 who were educated in the year 2018-19. 28 subjects were selected as purposeful attention to the score obtained from the Social Anxiety Questionnaire and were randomly assigned to either experimental (n = 13) and control (n = 15) groups. The experimental group received 10 sessions of 90-minute psychodrama group training twice a week. The research instrument consisted of Connor Social Anxiety Questionnaire (2000) which was completed by participants in pre-test /post-test. Data were analyzed by descriptive statistics and multivariate analysis of covariance using SPSS software. The results showed that psychodrama treatment significantly reduced social anxiety and its two components (social avoidance and physiological discomfort) in the experimental group. Also, the mean scores decreased statistically significantly compared to pre-test but were not effective on social phobia. According to the research findings, this therapeutic intervention can be used to improve the social anxiety of migrant adolescents.

The aim of the present study was to determine the mediating role of academic, social and emotional self-efficacy in the relationship between cognitive flexibility and psychological well-being. The statistical population of the study was all female and male students of the twelfth grade of the second high school of education in the first district of Ahvaz, among whom 280 people were selected voluntarily. The research design was correlational descriptive and the data were collected using cognitive flexibility scale (2010), psychological well-being questionnaire (2007) and self-efficacy questionnaire (1985). In the present study, Pearson correlation and structural equation modeling method were used to analyze the hypotheses and evaluate the relationships between the variables. Findings of direct relationships between variables showed that cognitive flexibility is positively correlated with psychological well-being, academic self-efficacy, social self-efficacy, and emotional self-efficacy. And the variable of social self-efficacy and emotional self-efficacy with psychological well-being had a very positive relationship, but the causal relationship between academic self-efficacy and psychological well-being was not significant. In addition, among the three components of self-efficacy, only social self-efficacy was able to play the role of mediator between cognitive flexibility and psychological well-being. Given that self-efficacy plays a mediating role in the relationship between cognitive flexibility and psychological well-being, self-efficacy must be considered to explain this relationship.

The purpose of this study was to determine effectiveness of analysis group therapy on empathy, social acceptance and social competence in adolescent girls in Tehran city. This experimental study was conducted with a pretest-posttest design with control group. The statistical population of this study included all the female students’ high school of Tehran city in year 2018-2019. In this study, 30 female students were considered as the sample size in two experimental groups (15 students) and control (15 students). The experimental group underwent 6 sessions analysis group therapy 90 minutes and While the control group received no intervention and remained in the waiting list. To collect data basic empathy scale of Jolliffe and Farrington (2006), social desirability scale of Marlowe‐Crowne (1960) and social competence scale of Felner, Lease & Phillips (1990). Data analysis was performed using analyze of covariance. The results showed that analysis group therapy significantly increases the empathy, social acceptance and social competence in adolescent girls. Therefore, it can be concluded that the analysis group therapy used in this study can improve the cognitive, emotional and social of adolescent girls. So use analysis group therapy in counseling and psychotherapy of teen girls has a special significance.

Social networks are tools by the use of which people virtually communicate with each other. Perceived social support and the fear of body image variables that are in relation to individuals' communications and impressionability are rooted in the extent to which people use social networks. The purpose of the present study was to compare the relationship between using social networks with body image fear and perceived social support. The present research was a descriptive correlational study. The statistical universe consisted of people living in the south of Ghiamdasht city, 89 of whom (33women and 56 men) were selected by convenient sampling method in 2019 and They responded to the Littleton (2005) body image fear questionnaire, Zimet et al. (1988) Perceived Social Support Questionnaire, and Rasool Abadi (2016) social media use questionnaire. The results were analyzed by Pearson correlation. The result of this study indicated a significant and positive relationship between using social networks and body image fear (r=0.43, p<0.01) which is more significant in women than men. Also, the perceived social support variable was significantly and negatively correlated with using social networks (r=-0.35, p<0.01) which was higher in men than in women. Therefore, it can be concluded that with an increase in using social networks, perceived social support decreases, and fear of body image increases.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between perceived organizational support and employee creativity with the mediating role of Resilience. The research was applied in terms of purpose and descriptive in nature and method. The statistical population of the study consisted of all employees of Jihad-e-Khorasan Agricultural Dept., who was selected according to Krejcie and Morgan's table of 108 employees using simple random sampling. The research questionnaires included the Perceived Organizational Support Questionnaire of Alan et al. (2008), the Linden Smith Employee Creativity Questionnaire (2010), and the Connor and Davidson Resilience (2003). The results showed a positive and significant relationship between perceived organizational support and employee creativity (0.36), a positive and significant relationship between perceived organizational support and staff resilience (0.53), and a positive and significant relationship between resilience and Employee creativity (0.25) at 95% significance level. Finally, by endorsing the partial mediation relationship of resilience and outcomes, to increase organizational support for employee perceptions, modification of the reward and punishment system, holding senior staff competitions, or commemorating staff and family members for success in sports competitions or academics, Offering various home or student loans, increasing job security such as emergency leave or continuing education, and even paying attention to well-being, transportation services, discount cards and contracts with health and sports organizations, it is recommended.

The present study sought to develop a model of Social Support and Identity Styles with the mediating role of self-concept in Tehran high school students in 2019. This research was applied by purpose and in terms of nature, it was descriptive and correlational research. The statistical population of the study consisted of high school female students in the first and second grade of Tehran in which 310 participants were selected by cluster sampling method. Research tools were Berzonsky’s identity style, Philips’s social support, and Karami’s self-concept questionnaires. Data were analyzed with structural equation modeling by using PSS-22 and AMOS-24 software. The results showed that social support had not any significant relationship with identity styles in high school girl students. Self-concept in girl students is positively correlated with commitment and information identity styles and negatively with confused identity styles. Finally, it was found that self-concept positively mediates the relationship between social support with informational and commitment identity styles, and negatively mediates the relationship between social support and diffuse-avoidance identity style, whereas its role in the relationship between social support and normative identity style could not be verified. The results of the study can be used to raise the awareness of families and educational counselors who are in direct contact with students.

Singleness is spreading in Iranian society and has begun to increase in all cities. The beliefs and attitudes of girls and boys are influential in living as a single person. In the present study, the attitudes and beliefs of single young people were studied about this phenomenon. The present study was a research policy by Graoundeded Theory. The process of study was done through interviews with twenty-nine single people living in Qom city to answer the question, what do you think about getting married? The findings of this study showed that boys and girls look at this phenomenon from a different perspective. For example, boys showed ambivalence toward marriage and girls demonstrated a positive attitude, boys look at married as both affective and rational versus girls who looked just rationalism to marriage. Boys were self-centered and girls were passive. In both sexes, perfectionism and dehumanization of the partners were reported. The results of the study open a new window for politicians who attention to cultural and psychological contexts for management of singleness.

This present study investigated the relationship between spiritual intelligence and emotional intelligence and resilience, life satisfaction, and the mental health of couples. The population of this study consisted of all couples of Ahvaz had passed at least a year of their common life. The sample of this study consisted of 125 couples, 250 individuals consisting of an equal number of men and women who were selected randomly by a multistage random sampling method. The instrument for collecting data consisted of the Spiritual Intelligence Scale (SII), Emotional Intelligence Scale (SSREI), and Resilience Scale (CD-RISC), Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS), and a measure of general health (GHQ). The results of regression analysis showed that the predicted resilience, life satisfaction, and mental health of spouses, variables spiritual intelligence, and emotional intelligence play an important role. The results of Canonical analysis showed that a linear combination of Canon resilience, life satisfaction, and mental health is predicted by a linear combination of spiritual intelligence and emotional intelligence.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of metacognition skills instruction exam anxiety and academic angagement in students. The research method was quasi-experimental with a pretest-posttest design and control group. The statistical population of this study consisted of all third-grade female students of high schools in Taybad city in the academic year of 2018-2019. After an initial assessment using the TAI scale, a total of 30 female students were selected using purposeful sampling and randomly assigned to an experimental group (n=15) and a control group (n=15). The experimental group received metacognition skills instruction protocols for 9 sessions of 60 minutes (1 session per week); the control group was on the waiting list. The Test Anxiety Questionnaire (Abolghasemi et al, 1989) and Student Engagement in Schools Questionnaire (Fredricksen al.2004) was used for data collection in two stages of pre-test and post-test. MANCONA analysis of covariance was used to analyze the data. The results showed that there was a significant difference between the mean of post-test scores of the experimental and control groups in exam anxiety and academic angagement. According to the results of this study, it is suggested that psychologists and counselors use the results of metacognition skills instruction to reduce exam anxiety and increase academic engagement in students.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of sand therapy on hyperactivity and attention deficit in children with ADHD in Tabriz city. This was a pretest-posttest controlled semi-experimental study. A convenience sample of 30 children with ADHD was recruited from psychotherapy centers of Tabriz, in 2018 and randomly allocated to the experimental (15) and the control groups (15). Subjects in the experimental group received sand therapy in six, 30-minutes sessions, and subjects in the control group received no treatment. Subjects in experiment and control groups were assessed with a parental form of Child Symptom Inventory (CSI-4) in pretest and posttest. The data were analyzed via the SPSS software (v. 16.0) and by conducting the multivariate analysis of covariance (MANCOVA). Results showed that there were significant differences between scores in pretest and post-test in the experimental group (p<0.001), attention deficit and hyperactive symptoms reduced after sand therapy in the experiment group. Sand therapy is recommended for correcting child behavior and cognitive problems in ADHD.

The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of unity-oriented psychology training on Self-compassion and Marital Intimacy in Mothers in the empty nest stage. A quasi-experimental research method with a pretest-posttest, control group, and 2-month follow-up was used in this study. The statistical population consisted of Mothers in the empty nest stage of Tehran. The sampling method was purposive and 24 according to the inclusion criteria, 24 mothers were randomly assigned into two groups of 12 each. The experimental group participated in 6 sessions of Unity-Oriented Psychology training, once a week, for 120 minutes, and 6 home exercise sessions and the control group was on the waiting list. Research instruments were the Walker and Thompson Intimacy Scale (IS) and the Self-Compassion questionnaire-Short Form (SCS). Descriptive statistics and one-way analysis of covariance were used for data analysis. The results showed that the unity-oriented psychology training had a significant effect on Increasing self-compassion in mothers in the empty nest stage but the effect of this intervention on Marital intimacy was not significant. These results were also consistent after a 2-month follow-up. According to the findings of this study, unity-oriented psychology training can be considered as an effective way to Increasing the self-compassion of mothers in the empty nest stage.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy on reducing suicidal thoughts and increasing self-compassion in students. This study was a quasi-experimental design with pre-test and post-test with the control group. All the male and female students of Payam-e-Noor University of Kermanshah who were studying in the first semester of the academic year 2018-2019 constituted the statistical population of this study. Twenty-four subjects with high scores on suicidal ideation and low scores on compassion were selected from the study population and then randomly assigned into two groups of 12. In the pre-test, the Beck Suicide Thought Questionnaire (1979) and Nef et al. (2009) Self-Compassion Questionnaire were completed in both groups and after the experiment, both groups completed the corresponding questionnaires again. Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy was administered to the experimental group during 8 sessions of 2 hours weekly. The control group received no treatment in this study. Finally, the data were analyzed using multivariate analysis of covariance. The results showed that mindfulness-based cognitive therapy was effective in decreasing suicidal thoughts and increasing students' self-compassion (P<0.01). According to the research findings, mindfulness-based cognitive therapy is an effective way to prevent suicide and enhance compassion in students.

The prevalence of single-parent families has increased significantly in recent years. Children born in single-parent families are prone to more problems. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to review the comparison of the children of single and non-single parent families. This study was conducted in a Systematic Review. On indexing sites “Magiran.com، Sid.ir، Ensani.ir، Noormags.ir، Irandoc.ac.ir” searched the keyword, Single parents, Single-parent families and Maternal caregiver. Each keyword was searched in combination with the prefix of children, children, and adolescents to accurately identify keywords. Out of 632 articles found, 23 articles were selected for review. The results of this study showed that comparisons can be divided into four categories of psychological characteristics, mental health, behavioral disorders, and social skills. Generally, the results showed that children in non-single parent families were better than single-parent children. Comparative studies have produced significant results in identifying single-parent families, which with Considering this information can provide solutions to the well-being of these families.

Pulmonary disease, chronic inflammatory airway disease is associated with excessive excitability and obstruction of the air duct. In some people, some risk factors make them more sensitive to the progression of the disease. Factors such as stress, depression, and anxiety are still not considered as risk factors. The biological justification of this association is stated that the psychological conditions and exposure to stress factors can change the immune response and make the person more sensitive to the progression of the disease. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between pulmonary disease and psychological factors of stress and anxiety. This study was conducted as a literature review. With key words of stress, anxiety, pulmonary disease, and asthma in Internet sites related to medical journals and mainly valid Google scholar search articles and magazines between the years of 2000 to 2019. Most of the published studies support a positive relationship between pulmonary disease and different psychological stress and anxiety factors. Different lifestyles and stressful conditions are considered as predisposing factors in pulmonary disease.

High-risk behaviors are one of the most important factors in the tendency to crime. It is very imperative to identify the factors which are able to prevent or reduce these behaviors. On that basis, the present study was performed to investigate the relationship between perceived social support and high-risk behaviors in adolescents. The research method was descriptive-correlation. The statistical population consisted of all male and female high school students in public schools of Qazvin in the 2019-2020 academic year. 340 students (173 girls and 167 boys) were selected as samples by stage cluster sampling method and responded to the Perceived Social Support Scale and Riskiness Scale in Iranian Adolescents. Data were analyzed using focal correlation analysis by the Spss-22 Software. Results showed a significant positive relationship between perceived social support and high-risk behaviors. The family support component was the strongest predictor of high-risk behaviors include drug, smoking, and violence factors in adolescents. This means that the more family support in adolescents, the less drug, cigarette use, and violence they experience. Considering the significant role of perceived family support in adolescent high-risk behaviors, the study results can be used in interventions and training in child and adolescent clinics and family education courses.

Impaired emotion regulation is the core of many psychological pathologies and despite the availability of effective psychotherapy, many patients do not have a significant clinical improvement in emotion regulation. In this regard, different psychotherapy models derived from disparate theoretical orientations have, over time, commingled emotion regulation recovery principles and techniques. In this article, the cognitive-behavioral model has been compared with the experiential dynamic model in relation to emotion dysregulation underlying factors and subsequent therapeutic techniques affecting these factors and finally, after discussing the disadvantages and benefits of each model, an emotion regulation method based on psychodynamic principles is propounded, blending the findings of emotion regulation science and experiential dynamic psychotherapy. Although the method and the related techniques are psychodynamic, they can be integrated with other approaches.

Despite this fact that the common protocols designed for non-chronic depression have low effectiveness in treatment of chronic depression, there are rare treatment protocols that developed especially for chronic depression. The Cognitive Behavioral Analysis System of Psychotherapy (CBASP) is the only treatment model especially designed for chronic depression. The object of this descriptive-analytic study is to introduce this treatment approach-as a promising treatment for chronic depression-including the basic assumptions, the theory of psychopathology, the treatment model, the treatment process, and the therapeutic techniques. Finally the studies on the effectiveness of CBASP in the treatment of chronic depression are reviewed and summarized.