نشریه علوم و فنون مرزی
پیاپی 32 (بهار 1399)

Today, the preservation of the independence and territorial and border integrity of countries has been considered as a universal principle. political problems and numerous social-military, such as arms trafficking, ethnic-religious tensions and challenges between Kurdish minorities and Turks are the most common areas of insecurity have been studied in the region. The purpose of this research is to determine the top priorities and strategies and implementation limitations in the border towns adjacent to Iraq in West Azarbaijan and to present executive strategies for operationalizing security and defense strategies in these areas. This research is a descriptive-analytical research method and field method was used for data collection. The model used in this study was AHP-SWOT hybrid model and rating of variables used in SWOT model by questionnaire by 30 experts and geographical experts (specializing in geography, urban and rural planning, military, etc..) To identify strengths and weaknesses (internal factors) and opportunities and threats (external factors) and weighted in the AHP to adopt the best strategy (SO, WO, ST, WT). According to the results of the review of strategies, The Review Strategy (WO) with a final value of 0.482 in the first priority, the Defense Strategy (WT) and the Competitive Guide (SO) with the final values of 0.159 and 0.139, respectively, are in the second and third executive priorities. In prioritizing strategies separately for the city, they also had the first executive priority in Piranshahr's competitive strategy (SO), Sardasht's WO review strategy, Piranshahr's diversity strategy (ST) and Sardasht's defensive strategy (WT) strategy.

Border areas are of particular national and transnational importance. Despite this, the importance of border tourism remains unknown. Tourism is one of the most important strategies in development planning. In this regard, border tourism is also a part of the tourism industry, which with proper planning and policy can benefit from the income generated in the socio-economic development of border areas. The aim of this study is to achieve sustainable tourism with an emphasis on investment in coastal border areas. The type of descriptive-analytical research is based on the collection of required data through observation and completion of a questionnaire. The statistical population of the study was 116542 people, and according to Cochran's formula, 383 people were selected as the sample. The developed questionnaire was distributed randomly in Chalous city. The validity of the questionnaire items was confirmed by a number of researchers and its reliability was calculated using Cronbach's alpha test at 0.79%. To analyze the data, tests such as single sample t, Pearson correlation coefficient, multiple linear regression and path analysis were used. The results of statistical tests such as: t-sample (significance of mean differences from the numerical desirability of the study) and correlation coefficient show that income generation and employment index are the highest average (4.23), respectively. Employment (3.85) has the highest average

Spatial analysis of rural population demographic developments in Iran's border areasUsing spatial base units Spatial analysis of rural population demographic developments in Iran's border areasUsing spatial base units Spatial analysis of rural population demographic developments in Iran's border areasUsing spatial base units Spatial analysis of rural population demographic developments in Iran's border areasUsing spatial base unitsSpatial analysis of rural population demographic developments in Iran's border areasUsing spatial base unitsSpatial analysis of rural population demographic developments in Iran's border areasUsing spatial base unitsSpatial analysis of rural population demographic developments in Iran's border areasUsing spatial base unitsSpatial analysis of rural population demographic developments in Iran's border areasUsing spatial base unitsSpatial analysis of rural population demographic developments in Iran's border areasUsing spatial base unitsSpatial analysis of rural population demographic developments in Iran's border areasUsing spatial base units

From the beginning of its formation, the Safavid government was involved in maintaining the western borders with the Ottoman government. With the death of Shah Abbas I, the Ottomans gained a good opportunity to attack the borders bordering Iran, with the most important goal being the conquest of Baghdad. In the early years of the Shah's rule, the Safavid regime managed to repel Ottoman attacks to some extent in order to maintain the structure of the Shah Abbas-era corps, but the IRGC sought to eliminate court rivalries that resulted in the removal of Shah Abbas-era officials. Iran weakened and lost the ability to maintain Baghdad. Also, the prolongation of military clashes with the Ottoman government has exhausted the military forces and the Safavid king, which has not been ineffective in not making serious efforts to preserve Baghdad. This research has been done with the aim of analyzing the border confrontations between Iran and the Ottoman Empire during the reign of Shah Safi and with an emphasis on the fall of Baghdad. The findings show that the dominance of personal interests over national interests among officials, the fierce court rivalries during the reign of Shah Safi, of which the Shah himself was to some extent responsible, and the recklessness of the Shah and his commanders in making the right decisions are among the most important causes of loss. They are part of the Western frontier, especially Baghdad, and the Shah's failure to maintain the borders of the time of King AbbasI.

Today, the word terrorism has taken on a new form as it enters new fields. Terrorism in a new approach (modern terrorism) is a re-transfer from the mental to the objective status. With the aim of investigating the spatial-place dimensions of terrorism in the Islamic Republic, this study, with a descriptive-analytical method based on theories of transmission, rationality, relative underprivileged, social and psychological education, globalization, ideology and peripheral center (Friedman), has explained spatial-place dimensions of terrorism in the Islamic Republic of Iran. The main question of this study is: what are the spatial-place dimensions of terrorism in the Islamic Republic of Iran? The research findings indicate that terrorism in the Islamic Republic of Iran has three spatial and geographical dimensions, which are as follows: environment (space), formation and activity of terrorist groups (location-scale); the targets of the attack and the geopolitical motives and consequences of terrorism. Terrorism also has very important structural-spatial dimensions, both structurally and functionally. These factors may include various political, cultural, social, economic, and religious aspects, or a combination of different indicators. The results indicate that the formation of terrorism in some marginal areas of the Islamic Republic of Iran is the result of a combination of geographical contexts as endogenous and infrastructural factors, and geopolitical features as exogenous and superstructure factors

The protection and safeguarding of the territory around the globe for all countries is considered a value. This will undoubtedly guarantee manage borders and the borders are safe. Fundamental security needs of each community and social life is the most important factor for durability. Iran has long borders with its neighbors that their security concerns for border and central government creates. The role of social capital in the development process, an issue that in recent years has been the attention of many researchers. The main objective of this paper is to examine the various dimensions of social capital on border security in border villages of Razay City. The research method is descriptive-analytic and data was collected using a questionnaire the study That the information collected was analyzed using SPSS software. The findings show that between the most important aspects affecting border security (civic- social participation, social responsibility, social trust and social cohesion) and There is a significant relationship border security. Community findings also show that the borders of the region's quiet, there is some uncertainty as to acknowledge trafficking.

One of the challenges of today's Iranian society is the indiscriminate emigration of low-density areas and local communities, which endangers the future stability of the entire territory. The purpose of this article is to investigate the situation of migration in rural border areas of border cities of Iran and the factors affecting this migration in 2006-2010. The research method is documentary and based on the secondary analysis of data from general population and housing censuses and other findings related to the subject under study. The findings show that in this period, about 9% of the country's population live in villages in the border areas of the country. The lowest immigration rate is for the rural areas of Dasht-e Azadegan, Shadegan and Sib-o-Soran, and the highest is for the rural areas of Abu Musa, Bushehr and Kangan. The lowest migration rate is for rural areas of Miankangi (Helmand) and Mehrestan (Zaboli) cities in Sistan and Baluchistan province, Miandorod in Mazandaran province, and the highest emigration rate is for rural areas of Bushehr, Abu Musa and Qasr Shirin counties. About 44% of the rural areas of the border cities had immigrants (net negative immigration); in contrast, 56% of these areas had migrants (net positive immigration). In rural areas of border cities, the highest average unemployment rate is for the provinces of Sistan and Baluchistan, Khuzestan, Kermanshah and Ilam, and the lowest average is for the provinces of East Azerbaijan, South Khorasan and North Khorasan. The reasons for high emigration in rural areas of border provinces include high unemployment in rural areas, unfavorable climate, limited access to basic living facilities such as education and health facilities, lack of border economic benefits for the people, and so on. The results of this study show that the border villages of the country, especially in the land / land borders are suffering from population loss. These conditions are especially evident in the rural areas of the southeast as well as the west and northwest of the country. One of the reasons for such a situation is related to regional inequalities and underdevelopment in these areas, because the border provinces of the country are among the provinces with less developed and medium development.