فصلنامه مطالعات توسعه اجتماعی ایران
سال دوازدهم شماره 3 (پیاپی 47، تابستان 1399)

This paper examins the effects of the media pattern of Iranian Citizenship Rights and was investigated with opinions of citizenship rights and media thinkers that they have been reviewed during the interview. This research has provided a different recognis of the media and citizenship rights in Iran. Current study is a qualitative study via contents analysis. The process of data collection was interview with 17 media experts and citizenship rights, and sampling beganed in the 1396 with Snowball Sampling and continued until the theoretical saturation of data. Data analysis was performed by Max QDA software. Research findings shows dimensions ( Institiutionalizing Cultural issues, media supervision on performance of government officials, the rights of education and awareness of citizens, distribution of political power, the right to use information and communication thechnology, media advertisments and free times , possession type and independence of the media, media socity, horizontal relationship between government and people , access to the public domain right, professional burcauracy and sociability), Ingredient ( Educational, Supervisory, political, Managerial, social, Legal, Developmentism, Economic, Historical) and the implicatioms of the media pattern of citizenship rights ( the emergence of transparent goverments, risponsing and associative, rise a creative private sector,the legislator and responsible, Increase national dependency, national and social security , the right of media and people will be mutually observed, we will have a developed community that citizen's satisfaction will be more) have been identified.

Citizens' participation is an essential requirement for achieving the ideal neighborhood and leads to improved quality of life. The communal spaces at the neighborhood level have a significant role to play as gatherings for the gathering of people in life. The features in the context of these spaces are attracting people, staying in space and shaping social participation among them. The purpose of this study is to investigate social participation at the neighborhood of Farahzad in Tehran. The method used in the research is descriptive-analytic and for collecting the required data, the questionnaire and field study tools have been used. The statistical population of the study consisted of all individuals aged 18 years and over in the Farahzad neighborhood. The sample size was 355 by using Cochran's formula. For further reliability, 360 questionnaires were selected and completed by simple random sampling. Data analysis was performed using Pearson tests and regression analysis using SPSS software. The results of Pearson correlation test show that there is a significant relationship between the amount of willingness to participate with the variables of the quality of the spaces, the satisfaction of the services in the spaces and the sense of belonging. The results of regression analysis also indicate that among the variables mentioned above, the variable quality of community spaces with a regression weight of 0.42 is the most significant effect in the social participation variable.

Establishing social interaction between individuals is one of the innate needs of man. Interaction and communication with others is one of the basic needs in human life. Man is looking for someone who feels happier with them and gets more pleasure and benefit from interacting with them. Different human needs make him or her exposed to different communications. The need to communicate with the opposite sex sometimes causes relationships that are outside our country's Islamic culture and custom. The purpose of this study was to investigate the causes and contexts of extramarital relationships among women in Rafsanjan. The research method is the foundation data theory which data was collected through semi-structured interviews with 15 women. The method of selecting participants was targeted and quantified by reaching the saturation stage. Out of 1127 raw data, 875 concepts, 125 sub-categories and 54 main categories were extracted from the preliminary data. Finally, the central concept of attention was chosen as the main phenomenon that covered the rest of the categories. Attention-seeking requires the attention and affection of the other party. This attention is more focused on the emotional aspects and emotional needs of the participants. The results of this study showed that the most important factor in women's tendency to extramarital affairs is "attention seeking".

Immigration of cultural elites to developed countries has always been important issues in society of Iran. This research is designed to study the attitude of cultural elites for immigration to developed countries. The theoretical framework based on “Pull and Push” theory. This study tries to examine the theory in four aspects including economic, political, social and cultural dimensions of immigrant motivations. The methodology of the research is mixed of quantitative and qualitative methods. The statistical sample covered professors, PH.D and M.A students of universities of Tehran and 405 cases has been chosen as a sample size from universities. In addition, 30 cases are selected for deep interview for qualitative method as well. The finding shows attitude of cultural elites are related to all four aspects of immigrant motivations. The cases evaluated the developed countries for immigration has been evaluated appropriate and besides their country of origin has been evaluated inappropriate situation. It hints the theory of pull and push as a suitable explanation of immigrant elites. The multiple coefficient certainty explained 23 percent variances of cultural elite attitudes as a dependent variable.

The present study was conducted to determine the role of individual, family and social factors in explaining the tendency of youth to addiction in the city of Qir. The statistical population of this study includes all young people (aged 18-29) in Bitter city. The sample size derived from Cochran sample size formula, equal to 384 and sampling, multi-stage random cluster respectively. Survey method and data collection tool are standard questionnaire. In order to analyze the data, two-variable and multiple regression has been used. The findings showed that the average age of respondents was 22 years. 47% of respondents are girls and 53% are boys. The variables of socializing with inferior friends and enjoyment are effective factors in increasing the tendency of youth to addiction. Also, the desirable variables of family conditions and social transplantation are effective factors in reducing the tendency of youth to addiction. Keywords: social link, social intercourse with false friends, addiction tendency, active tendency, passive tendency

This study answers the question, what is the health pattern based on the causes of death in different geographical areas of Iran? The overall goal is to study the climate in 31 provinces of Iran and to study five types of diseases with the highest mortality rate in those areas. The practical goals are to map the health status and attenuation of those areas and to attract political support for the prevention and control of diseases by the Ministry of Health. The combined research method is a descriptive method, cross-sectional analysis and includes two sets of data, causes of death from the Civil Registration Organization and population, climatic data of the provinces from the Statistics Center of Iran, during the years 1385 and 1395 and Excel and GIS software has been used. During the last ten years, cardiovascular diseases have increased by 3.3%, cancers by 2.3% and respiratory diseases by 1.05%, and diseases with vague symptoms have decreased by 6.8% and infectious and parasitic by 2.02%; this research shows that the increase or decrease of life expectancy is affected by the climate and the level of development of the provinces.

Paying attention to participation and emphasizing its role is one of the main factors of development in developing societies. The purpose of this study was to determine some social and cultural factors related to citizen participation in Tabriz. The research method was data survey and data collection tool. The statistical population of all citizens aged 15-45 in urban areas of Tabriz, both men and women, was 82,000 and the sample size was 680, which were determined and selected in three age groups. In this study, the independent (predictive) variables of access to mass communication media, social alienation, age, gender and socioeconomic status of citizens had a significant relationship with the dependent variable (criterion), ie participation. Given the low level of citizen participation, it can be said that this situation is due to structural obstacles in the political and cultural system of Iran. The connection of individuals with society and their relationship with it and their separation from society, all go back to the social and cultural environment in which they are located. What drives actions is the habits and patterns of behavior that are created in society, different institutions, and individuals.

The present study focuses on this main goal to examine and identify some of the most important social factors and consequences associated with infertility.The theoretical framework of this research is based on theories of rational choice, structural explanation and theories related to explaining cultural and social norms.Theories use new household economics, family system, feminist, gender-based psychology, self and me, and labeling.According to preliminary analysis based on indicators of social attitudes, social factors are affected by demographic variables, the number of years of infertility, infertility problems, treatment methods, type of job, household income and place of residence.There is a significant relationship between the type of religion of respondents and their attitude to technological conditions, mental norms, social stigma, social cohesion, social exclusion, lack of dynamism, family vitality, self-confidence, environmental conditions and separation of husband and wife.The biggest factor that causes men and women to suffer from infertility is the fear of losing their life together.

Abstract Idleness in the organization is a deliberate behavior and a form of common fraud to all employees at all levels of the organization. The purpose of this study was to investigate the causes and contexts of creating idleness among Sharif University staff. The research method is grounded theory, which data was gathered through semi-structured interviews with 35 employees. The method of selecting participants was targeted and quantified was specified by reaching the saturation stage. From 665 raw data, 385 concepts, 35 sub-categories and 14 main categories were extracted from the preliminary data. Finally, the central concept of comparative dissatisfaction was chosen as the main phenomenon that covered the rest of the categories. The results of this study showed that the most important factor in creating a sense of idleness and burnout among participants was "comparative dissatisfaction". This dissatisfaction arises as a result of a feeling of discrimination or inadequacy, as well as dissatisfaction with the amount of pay or benefits relative to the amount of work that results problems such as idleness, organizational dishonesty and inadequate organization. Key words: job idleness, comparative dissatisfaction, employees, grounded theory, job burnout

Development and improvement of businesses and women's employment in the home-based sector is one of the most important and effective ways to improve the economic and social situation of society; Because despite the many restrictions and existing policies and laws, it is very difficult to start a home-based business and employ women in this sector. The purpose of this study was to understand the sociology of women's employment on social development in Iran in the light of laws, regulations and policies of the Ministry of Cooperatives, Labor and Social Affairs. The country was supported in the development of home-based businesses and women's employment in this field, and 30 in-depth interviews were conducted with home-based business owners, and after analyzing data and laws and interviews, issues and needs of business owners and job applicants were raised. These include: gender discrimination, legal restrictions, long working hours, interference with family duties, cumbersome regulations, social insurance dissatisfaction, lack of up-to-date training and a desire for teacher-student training methods, Lack of monitoring of law enforcement, weak marketing, insufficient banking facilities, economic instability and high inflation rates, restrictions on access to cyberspace and dissatisfaction with municipal markets. At the end of the research, useful strategies for women's employment for the social development of the country are suggested.

The aim of this study was to investigate the role of social support in marital adjustment of married women working in the branches of Maskan Bank in Tehran. The statistical population of the study included all married female employees working in the branches of Maskan Bank in Tehran in 1396 (N = 700), based on the Cochran's formula, 248 people were randomly selected for the sample. To achieve the objectives of the study, the Social Assessment Scale (SSA) questionnaire of Sherborne and Stuart (1991) and the Marital Compatibility Scale (DAS) Spanier (1976) questionnaire were used. The subjects were compared with Cronbach's alpha above 0.7. Descriptive and inferential statistical methods were also used to analyze the data. The results of the study showed that social support and its components affect marital incompatibility of married women working in the branches of Maskan Bank in Tehran. Therefore, the more married women working in the branches of Maskan Bank in Tehran report better social support, the better their marital adjustment. . Also, with the improvement of the components of social support (tangible support, emotional support, information, kindness and positive social interaction), marital adjustment of married women working in the branches of Maskan Bank in Tehran will improve. Therefore, according to the results of the research, it is suggested that policymakers and implementers of the family system design practical policies that increase social support (perceived and received) and reduce psychological stress and promote marital adjustment. Special attention should also be paid to

Understanding the developments of social-welfare policies in governments after the Islamic Revolution is one of the most important sociological issues. In this regard, the present analytical-comparative article has been written with the aim of identifying why and how change and even conflict in social-welfare policies in Ahmadinejad and Rouhani governments. In response to why and how the conflict in the social-welfare policies of the two governments, the hypothesis presented emphasizes that although the social-welfare policies of the two governments have been affected by rents and oil revenues and within the idealism of the political system, but The dominance of populist approaches in Ahmadinejad's government and with a little neoliberal tolerance in the Rouhani government has paved the way and led to change and conflict in the social-welfare policies of the two governments. Findings and results show that in at least four dimensions of education, social security and health, as well as housing, which are the main dimensions of social policy, both governments, despite being influenced by two different political approaches; There have been and are conflicts, contradictions and turmoil in social policy, and in some cases it has not even had any social policy and social policy has been practically abandoned.