نشریه اصول بهداشت روانی
سال بیست و یکم شماره 4 (پیاپی 91، خرداد و تیر 1398)

This study aimed to investigate the relationship between college students’ experiential avoidance and addiction potential by mediating emotion regulation styles.

The statistical population of this descriptive-correlational study consisted of all undergraduate students at Kazerun Salman Farsi University in the academic year 2017-2018. 250 students were selected through a stratified sampling method from all colleges of the university. Then, they fulfilled Acceptance and Action Questionnaire (second version), Iranian Addiction Potential Scale and Affective Style Questionnaire. Data were analyzed using SPSS-19 and AMOS-21 software.

The findings indicated that experiential avoidance predicts students’ addiction potential directly and indirectly it can predict addiction potential through the emotion regulation styles but the mediator role was not confirmed by the emotion regulation styles titled as concealing and tolerance.

In order to prevent addiction among young people, it will be necessary to pay attention to reducing the experiential avoidance that can exacerbate adaptive emotional adjustment and reduce predisposing to addiction.

Multiple Sclerosis  impacts on the quality of life of patients even in early phases of illness. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to compare the emotion dysregulation and distress tolerance in people with multiple sclerosis and healthy cases.

This study is a causal comparative study and its statistical society consisted of all patients with multiple sclerosis who referred to Kermanshah MS Society in 2016 and normal cases. In a cinvenient sampling method, 376 cases (201 normal ones and 175 MS patients) were selected. The data collecting tool was Difficulties in Emotion Regulation and Distress Tolerance questionnaires. Data were analyzed by multivariate analysis of variance.

The mean scores of emotion regulation in multiple sclerosis group and control group were 104.02 ±17.90 and 94.12 ± 19.75 respectively. Also, the mean scores of distress tolerance scores in multiple sclerosis patients group was significantly lower than the control group (37.05 ± 9.47 vs 41.41 ± 10.14).

Multiple sclerosis patients have more emotion dysregulation and less distress tolerance compared with the normal people.

This study aimed to investigate the cultural aspects of social anxiety and its clinical features in an Iranian population.

The sample of this study consisted of the clients of Mashhad counseling centers. Twenty clients who had received the Social Anxiety Disorder diagnosis by a psychiatrist, were selected via a purposeful sampling to participate in the interview. The interviews were conducted using the semi-structured DSM-5 cultural formulation interviews. The transcripts of the interviews were analyzed by content analysis method using a seven-step Colaizzi technique and the concepts and categories were extracted.

The content analysis of the interviews resulted in the identification and extraction of one hundred and fifty concepts that were classified into seventeen components: emotional feature, cognitive feature, behavioral feature, anxiety somatization, interaction and communication deficit, function reduction, the perceived social desirability of lack of self-assertiveness, the perceived religious desirability of behavioral and speech constraint, lack of perceiving and receiving family support, lack of perceiving and receiving relatives and friends’ support, the impact of gender (being a girl) on the formation and continuation of anxiety, the causes of anxiety, applying ineffective coping strategies, ineffective encounter of family and friends with the treatment, ineffective individual encounter with the treatment, the influence of religious and spiritual resources, and the acceptance and the appropriate communication with the counselor and therapist.

Despite the similarity of the participants' social anxiety experiences with the theoretical models as well as the consistency of the syndromes with the DSM-5 criteria, the content differences were observed in the form of normative beliefs, supportive resources, coping strategies, and encounter with the therapeutic resources.

Spiritual coping have an important role in confronting stressful events in life. Therefore, the aim of the present study was standardization of the spiritual coping questionnaire in students.

In descriptive- correlational research, 600 undergraduate students of public universities in Tehran were selected using multistage cluster sampling. The Spiritual Coping Questionnaire (SCQ), Brief Religious Coping Scale (Brief-RCOPE), Spiritual Coping Strategies scale (SCS), Spiritual Intelligence Scale (SIS) and Iranian Mental Health Scale for students (IMHS) were administered on the participants. The research data were analyzed by the SPSS and LISREL software as well as Pearson correlation, exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis.

The internal consistency reliability (Cronbach's alpha) for total score, positive and negative spiritual coping were 0.84, 0.90 and 0.84, respectively. The reliability coefficient relevant to subscales of positive and negative spiritual coping was 0.57 to 0.90. The findings of exploratory factor analysis suggested two accessible factors of positive and negative spiritual coping in the original version of the Persian version. The results of the confirmatory factor analysis exhibit the seven-factor model of this questionnaire has an acceptable fit with data. Finally, this questionnaire has a criterion, convergent, and divergent validity.

The results of this study indicate that the SCQ has an appropriate reliability and validity to measure the spiritual coping of Iranian students.

Procrastination is a widespread phenomenon among people that has many negative consequences and has been associated with cognitive, emotional and motivational factors. The present study examined the relationship between academic procrastination and self-compassion and the mediating role of self-conscious affects (shame and guilt) in this process.

Statistical population consisted of 165 students (86 males and 79 females) of dormitories of Shiraz University in 2015 by convenient method. Data was collected via the Academic Procrastination Scale (PASS), Self-compassion Scale (SCS) and the 3rd edition of the Test of Self-conscious Affect (TOSCA-3).

Results were analyzed using path analysis through multivariate linear regression. The results revealed that procrastination was positively associated with shame, depression, anxiety and stress and negatively associated with guilt. On the other hand, self-compassion was negatively associated with procrastination, shame, depression, stress and anxiety. Results of path analysis revealed that self-compassion mediated the relationship between shame, guilt and procrastination.

According to the results of the present study, it can be concluded that self-compassion can lead to decrease in procrastination, depression, stress and anxiety by reducing shame. The results of the present study were explained based on the role of self-conscious affects in self-compassion and procrastination.

Past researches have found mindfulness to be associated with improved mental health. Anxiety and depression are the most common problems in the field of mental health. The present research aims to indicate that the unintentional mind wandering is a mechanism mediating the relationship of mindfulness with anxiety and depression.

In order to test the mediator model, 300 female students of Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz in 2017 were selected by multistage random sampling method. So, in the first stage of sampling, 5 faculties (psychology and education, engineering, literature and humanities, basic sciences, economics and social sciences) were selected randomly from 12 faculties of Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz. Then, among the undergraduate students in 23 different disciplines, 300 students were selected. They fulfilled the Mindful Attention Awareness Scale (MAAS), Depression Anxiety Stress Scale (DASS), short-form of the Spielberger State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (SSTAI), and the Mind Wandering: Deliberate and Mind Wandering: Spontaneous Scale. Collected data were analyzed by SPSS and AMOS and using structural equations modeling method. In order to earn the suitable model fitness indices, the item parceling method was used.

On the base of values of some indices (for example, RMSEA = 0.07 and GFI = 0.95), model had a good fit. Also, the results showed that mindfulness has significant relationships with unintentional mind wandering, depression, and anxiety and unintentional mind wandering has significant relationships with anxiety and depression (p ≤ 0.01). In addition, the indirect effects of mindfulness on anxiety and depression were also significant through unintentional mind wandering.

Unintentional mind wandering is a factor that facilitating the anxiety and depression and mindfulness can affect the anxiety and depression with reducing the unintentional unrelated thoughts.

Anxiety disorders can affect all attitudes, behaviors and even individuals state, and these effects in children will be far broader than adults. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to examine the role of traits of extroversion and introversion in relation between girls' anxiety with parental parenting styles.

The research method was a descriptive correlation. The statistical population of this study included all 15872 junior girls in Qom city in 2017-2018. Sample size according to the Cochran formula was consisted of 375 girls who were selected by multistage cluster sampling method. The data collection tool was the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire, Baumrind parenting questionnaire, and Spielberger Anxiety Inventory. Data analyzed using statistical tests such as Kolmogrov-Smirnov test and SPSS software.  

The results showed that traits of extroversion and introversion and parental parenting styles have a direct and significant effect on the anxiety in girls (P<0.05). In an indirect way, traits of extroversion and introversion in children show a mediator role in the relationship between parenting styles and anxiety, and in general, the conceptual model was approved. Also, 0.27 of the anxiety variable can be explained by traits of extraversion and Introversion traits and parenting styles.

These findings are based on the family systematic theory on psychological intertwinning of children with parents’ behavior patterns in the family environment and express the effects of personality traits on promoting parent-child relationship health and child anxiety.

Increasing the prevalence of social tensions and consequently increasing the incidenceof aggressive conflict and increasing anger in society, is one of the problems in all societies. Physical activity is one of the effective factors in controlling anger. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between students ' physical activity with the degree of anger control.

 The present study performed among 280 students of Qom university girl students. Participants' data were collected by a demographic questionnaire, Beck's physical activity questionnaire and anger control questionnaire in all individuals. Data analysiswas performed using Pearson correlation test and regression analysis. 

 Most of participants aged18and 24 years and mostly educated at an undergraduate degree. There was a significant inverse correlation between the degree of anger and physical activity (r=0.125, p=0.037). Physical activity was also effective at 1.6 % in anger control, and the work index and exercise index was a predictor of the degree of anger control.

 There is an inverse correlation between the amount of physical activity, the work index, and the exercise index with the control of anger and anger attribute.