نشریه اصول بهداشت روانی
سال بیست و دوم شماره 2 (پیاپی 95، بهمن و اسفند 1398)

The purpose of this research was to investigate the relationship of psychological capital and spirituality at work with psychological well-being in nurses.  

The statistical population of this correlational study consisted of all nurses in Mafi Nezam Hospital of Shush city in 2018. Number of 123 nurses selected by stratified random sampling. To collect data by the capital psychological questionnaires (Luthans, 2007), psychological well-being scale (Ryff, 1989), and spirituality at workplace questionnaire (Kinjerski and Skrypnek, 2006) were used. To analyze the data, Pearson's correlation and multiple regressions were used.

The results showed a significant relationship between psychological capital and spirituality at work with psychological well-being. The regression results indicated psychological capital and spirituality at work can explain 70% of changes in nurses' psychological well-being.

  According to the results obtained from this research, it is recommended that psychological capital and spirituality in work are considered in programs to promote mental health in nurses.

 Methadone maintenance and opium tincture treatments has been recommended as harm reduction strategies for opioid-dependent patients in Iran. However, the effects of long-term administration of methadone and opium tincture on the brain are not fully understood. In this study we investigated the effects of methadone and opium tincture maintenance treatments on the brain volumes of former opium addicts by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) volumetry of brain compared to healthy participants. 

The present case-control study was performed in Mashhad, Iran in 2015-2017. Via convenient sampling method, 36 participants were selected and allocated in 3 equal groups (methadone maintenance treatment, opium tincture treatment, and normal control). The volumes of gray matter, frontal lobe, temporal lobe, cingulate gyrus, limbic system, amygdala, and hippocampus of all participants were assessed using MRI volumetry. Data analyzed by ANOVA, using SPSS software (ver. 16). 

There were no significant statistical differences between mean volumes of any assessed region of the brain among three groups (P>0.05). 

Methadone maintenance treatment and opium tincture treatment have no hazardous effects on the volumes of gray matter, frontal lobe, temporal lobe, cingulate gyrus, limbic system, amygdala, and hippocampus of former opium addicts.

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effectiveness of body psychotherapy on improving working memory and inhibition level among elementary students.
      The statistical population of this clinical trial consisted all elementary school students aged 7-12 years in Mashhad in 2018-19 academic year. Number of 44 students from 4 governmental schools (two boy-specific and two girl-specific schools) were selected by voluntary and purposeful sampling method and were randomized into two groups (12 boys and 10 girls in experimental group, 11 boys and 11 girls in control group). The experimental group received thirty-six 60-min sessions for 3 months during which the control group was placed on the waiting list. The measuring tools used in this study were computerized tests of working memory (N-back) and Go no Go test. Data were analyzed using SPSS software and independent t-test.
     The results showed that students in the experimental group had better performance in than control group in the components of the number of correct and incorrect answers, the number of presentation and inhibition errors, in the working memory and Go no Go tests (P= 0.005).  However, the mean time component in the Go no Go test was not significant
 (P= 0.17).
     These findings suggest that body psychotherapy can be an effective way to improve working memory ability and retention level among elementary students.

The aim of this study was investigate the relationship between optimism, sexual self-efficacy, and loneliness with couple burnout in employed married women in elementary school in Qazvin.
  The statistical population of this descriptive-correlational study consisted of all married women who employed in elementary schools of Qazvin city in 2018. Amongst them 152 women selected through single-stage cluster method. The research tools included "Life Orientation Test-Revised" (LOT-R), Social and Emotional Loneliness Scale for Adults (SELSA-S), Sexual Self-Efficacy Questionnaire, and Couple Burnout Test (CBM). Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics including multivariate regression method by aiding SPSS software.
The results revealed a significant negative correlation between married women's marital burnout and optimism and sexual self-efficacy (p<0.01), while the correlation was revealed to be significantly positive between the married women's marital burnout and loneliness (p<0.01). In fact, couple burnout in married women is correlated respectively with these variables: optimism, sexual self-efficacy and loneliness.
It seems that increasing optimism and sexual self-efficacy and decreasing loneliness lead to reduction in couple burnout.

to determine the casual relationships between hope, interpersonal support, seeking for meaning, presence of meaning, gratitude, loneliness and depression over suicidal risk of undergraduate psychology students.

This was accomplished through a quantitative method, with a non-experimental design and an explanatory scope, in sample of 117 university students. The path analysis was made using a casual structural equations model.

The results provide evidence to support the predictive direct effects of depression, loneliness and search for meaning, as well as inverse effects of interpersonal support and hope over suicidal risk. However, gratitude and presence of meaning did not have significant effects over suicidal risk. The model accounts for 31% of the variance of suicidal risk.

The study of suicidal risk must be approached holistically, considering psychological, existential and social variables. These results are discussed according to their implications and consistency with prior studies.

Cancer patients experience high levels of mental problems including depression and anxiety that can impair their mental health. However, spiritual beliefs can promote mental health and reduce mental disorders. Therefore, given the above point and the lack of similar studies, this research aimed to explain the role of spiritual beliefs to promote mental health in cancer patients. 

By using a qualitative research approach and by performing content analysis, ten inpatient and outpatient cancer patients of the oncology ward of Shahid Rahimi Hospital in Khorramabad city were selected along with 5 of their companions, through purposive sampling, until data saturation was achieved. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with the selected samples. Data analysis was done using the conventional approach, and the themes were extracted.   

The data analysis led to the creation of a general class titled as spiritual beliefs, the reason for the promotion of mental health, and the two subclasses as religious practices, the reason for promoting mental health, and spiritual beliefs and adaptation to the disease. 

The results of this study showed that spiritual beliefs greatly impact on the promotion of mental health in cancer patients and their adaptation to the disease.

The present study aims at determining the relationship between parental child abuse and psychological hardiness and resilience in students under the supervision of the welfare department.

 In this descriptive – correlational study, all students under the supervision of Kazeroon welfare department in 2014-2015 were selected on clustering random sampling. In order to gather the data, the Connor resilience questionnaire, Ahvaz psychological hardiness and childhood Trauma Questionaire (CTQ) were used and then they were analyzed using Pearson's correlation coefficient and bivariate regression.

The results are indicative of being a negative and significant relationship (p <0 /001) between parental child abuse psychological hardiness and resilience.  Stepwise regression showed that the role of child physical abuse is greater than other variables. Also, emotional abuse plays a more significant role in children’s resilience compared to other variables.

Dysfunctional and undesirable relationships in families and practicing wrong educational acts such as assault, deprivation, child abuse and violence against children lead to variability in mental health and weakness in resilience and controlling power.

Autism spectrum disorder and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are always associated with cognitive and social deficits. The main purpose of this study was to compare the theory of mind and emotion recognition in children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorder and ADHD.

The research method was causal-comparative. The statistical population included all children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorders and ADHD in schools and clinics of psychosocial services and counseling in Seven Educational ‎Districts in‎ Mashhad from March until June 2017. The sample included 85 children and adolescents (42 with autism spectrum disorders and 43 with ADHD) who were selected through purposeful sampling from the above population. Participants completed reading the mind in the eyes test, Sally–Anne test and emotion recognition test. Data were analyzed using independent t-test and multivariate analysis of variance.

The findings of this study showed that the ADHD group has reported higher rates in cognitive theory of mind (P<0.001), affective theory of mind (P<0.001), and also in positive (P<0.001), negative (P<0.04) and neutral (P<0.03) subscales. Furthermore, group with autism spectrum disorder got significantly higher scores in the fear emotion (P<0.007).

The findings of this study indicate a severe deficit of social cognition in children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorder and highlight the need to train mental state recognition skills to enhance social abilities and improve social interactions in these children and adolescents.