مجله دانشکده پزشکی اصفهان
پیاپی 581 (هفته اول شهریور 1399)

Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1D) is the most common chronic endocrine-metabolic disorder of childhood and adolescence. Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) is one of the most important acute complications of T1D, and associated with significant morbidity and mortality. The aim of this study was to survey the frequency of DKA in new cases of T1D.

Data from 144 new cases of T1D admitted to the children hospital of Qazvin City, Iran, between 2006 and 2016 were reviewed. The studied variables included age, sex, new case of disease, season, place of living, family history of T1D, cause of admission, duration of hospitalization, recovery of DKA, blood glucose level, and arterial pH at admission. The data were collected using a questionnaire, and analyzed using SPSS software.

Out of 144 patients, 60.4% were girls. 84.3% of new patients admitted with DKA, and 15.7% with hyperglycemia. 24.7%, 24.6%, and 50.7% of patients were less than 5 years, 5 to 7 years, and ≥ 8 years, respectively. The highest incidence was in the autumn (31.6%). 11.9% of patients had a positive family history of T1D. The mean glucose level was 496.91 ± 154.38 mg/dl. Mean age at diagnosis was 7.38 ± 3.23 years. 2.5%, 28.0%, and 69.5% of patients had mild, moderate, and severe DKA, respectively. Mean days of hospitalization was 2.21 ± 7.54 days in ketoacidosis and 0.91 ± 4.66 in hyperglycemia, and the difference was significant (P < 0.001).

A greater incidence of DKA in the onset of the disease was due to insufficient awareness of families about diabetes mellitus.

Colorectal cancer is one of the most common cancers in Iran, and despite high cure rate, it still has high mortality. Some studies have shown that angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors are effective in treating cancer in addition to treating hypertension. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of enalapril on the proliferation, migration, and expression of ACE, angiotensin II type I receptor (AT1R), vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGF-A), and transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-β1) genes in colorectal cancer cells.

In this study, the effect of enalapril on the survival rate of CT26, HT29, and SW480 colorectal cancer cells was determined using MTT assay, cell migration was assayed using migration assay technique, and cell cycle assay was performed using flow cytometry. Expression of matrix metalloproteinase 3 (MMP3), MMP9, and epithelial cadherin (E-cadherin), ACE, AT1R, VEGF-A, and TGF-β1 genes were also evaluated using real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique and reactive oxygen species in these three cell lines.

Enalapril had anti-proliferative and anti-migrate effect on all three colorectal cancer cell lines compared to the control group. Expression of E-cadherin, MMP3, and MMP9 genes significantly decreased after treatment with enalapril (P < 0.001). Expression of ACE, AT1R, VEGF-A, and TGF-β1 genes showed a significant decrease in the three cell lines, and the level of reactive oxygen species significantly increased in the three cell lines compared to the control group.

Given the various anticancer effects of enalapril, it seems that at least alongside standard chemotherapy drugs, enalapril may be useful in the treatment of colorectal cancer.

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), with a prevalence of 4-12 percent, is the most common endocrine-metabolic disorder in reproductive age of women. Reproductive disorders in women with PCO include hyperinsulinemia, hyperandrogenism, chronic anovulation, and infertility. The purpose of this paper was to review and confirm the important role of oxidative stress in creating insulin resistance in this syndrome.

All relevant information was collected through databases such as PubMed and Google Scholar, which was extracted from a total of 100 articles between 1989-2020. Today, the assessment of oxidative stress in women with PCO is performed using circulatory markers such as malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and glutathione peroxidase (GPX).

Insulin resistance can be associated with the conditions of oxidative stress in women with PCO. Therefore, obtaining oxidative stress index can be considered valuable, and represent the occurrence of metabolic disorders in this syndrome.

Oxidative stress can play a key role in insulin resistance. Therefore, the oxidative stress index can help to understand unknown metabolic causes of this syndrome.