نشریه مطالعات بین المللی
سال شانزدهم شماره 4 (پیاپی 64، بهار 1399)

Football is the best known and most desirable sport in the world today.  The sport of football is no longer a cultural and national event but an international one.  It has become a popular industry not only through all the followers it has garnered, but it is followed by governments, commercial and economic groups, the media, the mental health practitioners, sociologists, and some others.  The phenomena that is international football has been accepted as a strategic good and is no longer a “sport” alone and has affected the various dimensions of human life enormously. The roots of Football in the Iranian society are intertwined with politics, power structures, and commerce. In fact the attraction of football in Iran from its inception has been its close relationship to all governments and the power centers and it has been affecting the various social structures. As the popularity and importance of football grew in Iran, it became of strategic value to the political orders and this has caused the sport to be outside of its proper and just sphere. This paper seeks to examine and explain the phenomena of how the strategic good which football has become has affected the various fields in the Iranian society and it employs the method of analytical description and the behaviorist theory to examine the dimensions and angles through which football has affected the Iranian social structures.

US mainstream mass media, as a fourth pillar of democracy, have a significant impact on American foreign policy. Nevertheless, the role of US media is not limited to domestic politics rather they would usually shape US foreign policy. Since the Islamic revolution, US media have covered Iran’s events. The US mainstream mass media, as a domestic source of US foreign policy, have had a huge impact on perceptions and misperceptions of American elites and US public opinion. Therefore, the main question of the research is: what is the impact of US mainstream media on American foreign policy toward Iran (2007-2020)? The research method of the article is a qualitative case study research method and its purpose is to study how Iran is represented in the American media. In order to answer the main question, the authors would use neo-classical theory. The hypothesis of research suggest that on the one hand, US mainstream mass media have influenced US elites’ perception about Iran and on the other, US mass media have covered negative opinion of US elites about Iran. In fact, the influence of the US media on the American political elite have continued to negatively portray Iran over the past two decades.

In North Korea, the Kim dynasty have created a new face of the totalitarian at the highest possible level and made this country the largest prison in the world, and the people have no choice but to enslave or choose gradual death, because there is not a way to achieve freedom and even suicide. In this regard, the aim of the study is to measure the dominance of Kim family in the light of the characteristics of the totalitarianism by descriptive-analytical method and it seeks to answer the question: To what extent does the nature and structure of governance in North Korea reflect the components of totalitarianism? The results show that the Supreme Leader and the Labor Party, by influencing all elements of power and abusing the ideals of the Juche School and liberating from Japanese colonialism, under three elements: a one-leader, a one-ideology, and a one-party and benefiting from the Songun policy (Military-first), the system of unity and creation of power, the method of repression and punishment, the creation of terror, non-democratic rule and the inevitable obedience of the people, have created the political system based on all the features of the totalitarianism.

In recent years, one of the most important events in the region is the issue of changing the foreign strategy of the Israeli regime by using various means against the Islamic Republic of Iran. According to the Israeli National Security Document in 2019 and 2020, Israel intends to launch an Iranophobia project in its new regional strategy, in addition to mobilizing the capacity of the West, led by the United States, to gain immediate support for the regime, especially the Gulf Arabs and Saudi Arabia. Saudi Arabia will establish relations and, in addition to intensifying the anti-Iranian atmosphere in West Asia, bring with it the practical agreement and consent of the Arabs against the Islamic Republic of Iran. In fact, the key question in this article is what effect has the spread of Iranophobia had on Israel's new regional strategy? The research method in this article is descriptive-analytical. The results of this study confirm that Israel aims to spread Iranophobia due to fears of the Islamic Republic of Iran's influence in the Middle East, and in fact intends to use existing tools such as US support and start a friendship plan with Arab countries in order to work harder to advance the issue of Iranophobia.

The Indian Ocean is the third largest ocean in the world with about 20% of the Earth's area. Due to having highly-populated coasts, dynamic economy, widely marine relations, strategic straits and waterways and generally a unique strategic location, it has consistently been the focus of regional and global powers.Meanwhile, France, as one of the great powers of the world, had an active presence in this ocean during its colonial presence.Since then, French leaders have sought to devise a new strategic plan to continue their presence in the maritime zone in order to maintain their presence in the maritime area. Given the ambitions of the emerging powers (India & China) and marine terrorism as a crisis, this study deals what is France's goal of redeveloping naval power in the Indian Ocean through its overseas territories? he present study has been done by descriptive and analytical method based on library and internet documents and with the aim of understanding the French politico-military strategy in the Indian Ocean.The overall conclusion of this study is that France is considering the strategic importance of the Indian Ocean to maintain and expand its politico-military influence in order to maximize the benefits of its country through its overseas territories in the ocean and by participating in regional organizations, especially the Cooperation Union of the Indian Ocean.

Environmental law is an important tool for monitoring and managing sustainable development. Sustainability of development in rich and poor, industrial and non-industrial countries, the concept of sustainable development goes beyond national borders and can be evaluated and analyzed in the framework of the global governance system. The purpose of the case study of the Persian Gulf in this article is the special importance of this region in terms of huge sources of non-renewable energy, especially oil, gas and special environmental conditions, especially the closure of the Persian gulf, tanker passage, and non-standard operation and far from waiting. Sustainable development in the field of international environmental law seeks to provide the right solution for the protection of the Persian Gulf. In this way, economic, social, and environmental indicators are the three basic pillars of sustainable development, and all of these indicators affect international environmental law in the Persian Gulf. This article seeks to answer the question of what are the possible ways to implement sustainable development in the marine environment of the Persian Gulf. The present article has identified the implementation of sustainable development in this region by using descriptive and analytical methods while examining the environmental situation of Persian gulf and in the end, it offers the necessary solutions and suggestions. The general conclusion of the article, considering the goals 14 and 17 of the 2030 document, shows that it is necessary to control the executive procedures by determining the indicators.