فصلنامه لسان مبین (پژوهش ادب عرب)
پیاپی 41 (پاییز 1399)

The visual stories of the child should be such that they simultaneously familiarize the child with the two linguistic and visual structures, eliminating his focus from text to image and vice versa and assisting him in understanding the information of the story and contributing effectively and purposefully. Perry Nodelman, a theorist in the field, argues that the correct relationship between image and text is that they both share or extend each other with specific characteristics. Otherwise, the relationship between image and text is incorrect. In order to provide a suitable context for the child's involvement with the text, he introduces certain characteristics in the analysis and critique of the correct and incorrect relation between the image and the text. The present study attempts to evaluate and critique the descriptive-analytic method of several selected child stories by Mohammad al-Abd on the basis of these characteristics. The results show that most of these stories (94%) have a correct relation between text and image. Also, the image and text extension index plays a large role (61%) in the correct relation between text and image. Accordingly, the storyteller and painter became aware of the child's world and his or her interests and desires and provided a deep link between the image and the context of the stories and the child's understanding of the story's information correctly, providing the context for the child's involvement with the image and the text.

One of the most important things in investigating literary works is considering the social and semiotic aspects of language. Paying close attention to these aspects would show the real meaning of literary texts. To understand the real meaning of a text, one should investigate its deep layers. One of the main aspects of exploring the layers is knowing the situational context of literary texts. In this context, exploring the internal relationships of text would be important. In exploring the relationships mentioned above, component analysis of emotion components in the structure can show text's real meaning. Therefore, the study aimed to investigate On the Unknown Path by Al-Khansaa Abbas Al-Shahab in terms of the theoretical analysis of emotion components using Firth’s situation context. The reason of choosing the novel is its content. The existence of the components shows the significance of the study. The structural and interalingual relationships through collocational and substitutional relationships and emotion components were investigated. The component analysis of emotion in the novel's linguistic relationships shows that the writer has tried to use the minimum number of words to communicate the real and main meaning.

Psychological realism, is closely related to psychology and philosophy. It seeks to penetrate the mind and within the characters and analyze the causes of their behavior, by choosing a social, political, or familial issue. This doctrine took a widespread form in the West and then found its way into the literature of other countries, including the arabic countries. Mikhail Naimy, a famous and contemporary arab writer, has tried to reflect the people's problems and social, religious, cultural in most of his stories, because of living and studying in the west and influenced by western literature. "Infertile" is one of his best short stories, which, according to the most critics, is at a higher level than his other stories in terms of the technical principles of storytelling. The present study has investigated the realistic components in this story by descriptive and analytical methodology. The most important of them are: Realistic theme, Third person narration, Pay attention to the time and place, Choose real characters, Illustration, and detailed description of the characters' moods and feelings.It has been concluded that Mikhail's realism in this story can be knew as a kind of psychological realism Because he has tried to analyze the causes of the events and happenings of the story by dealing with the inner feelings, conflicts and contradictions of the characters as well as their religious and social beliefs.

As one of the achievements of modernity in culture, the novel has been able to be a suitable literary expression tool for the inhabitants of different cultures to represent the events around them in an imaginary space with metaphorical language. Ibrahim Nasrallah (Palestinian Author) won the 2018 Booker Prize for this novel: “Harb al-Kalb al-Taniyah” (The Second Dog war). This novel focuses on the human capacity for savagery. The strange events that take place in the novel are symbolic of the social changes that have taken place in recent centuries around the world, and provide us with an insight into the future of humanity. The novel uses the science fiction genre or magical realism to narrate its plot. The story line addresses the social anomalies and savagery of buying and selling human souls and the destruction of human and moral values, not only in the Arab world but also globally. In this paper, the novel is examined from the perspective of deconstructive critique using the descriptive-analytical method. Accordingly, after a preliminary presentation of the novel and constructivist theory, the conflicts within the novel are identified and analyzed.

Conceptual blending theory allows the mind to apply multiple interconnected mental spaces that have different meanings.Then it combines them together and examines these different meanings in an efficient and correct way to achieve the semantic network that forms the mental spaces. In most of the Kelileh va Demneh stories, the conceptual blending is prominent and the author's mind plays a fundamental role. The semantic network of personalizing the stories of Kelileh va Demneh is a combination of elements and characteristics of incompatible spaces and the combination of these spaces together creates emerging meanings and structures in the mind.Therefore, this research seeks to identify and represent the conceptual blending symbols of Kelileh va Demneh stories based on Fauconnier and Turner theory in a descriptive and content analysis manner.This study showed how conceptual blending symbols and meaning making can be illustrated by considering the concept of meaning continuity in the stories, using the concepts and processes discussed in conceptual blending theory.It also showed how using the four-space conceptualization of conceptual blending theory as well as processes such as composition, completion, and complexity and principles such as regression and the principle of access to all elements and their relationships in interdisciplinary interlocking spaces that they don’t project into the blending space but The choice is made, and the choice varies from blend to blend, so a variety of conceptual blending symbols emerge.

Critical discourse analysis is an interdisciplinary field of study that is closely related to various sciences.It requires the participation of factors such as power, ideology, history, etc.The poem ""Allemoha" ", composed by Javaheri, is an example of her poetic experience, with many sub-layers and deep meanings.In this poem, with a critical approach, while enumerating the effect of knowledge and awareness on the performance of various social roles by women, she depicts the power and ideology of the ruling class.But what are the hidden ideologies in jewelry poems?Based on Norman Fairclough's theory and based on the three principles of description, interpretation and explanation in critical discourse analysis, this research has tried to examine the literary dimensions of the poem while answering this question.The results showed that the content of the poem evokes the interrelationship of literature and society for the reader.This poem is closely related to history, society,, psychology and religious teachings.Relying on Islamic ideology, while enumerating the factors of women's ignorance and its hatred with the framework of Quranic teachings and the tremendous impact of knowledge and awareness on the success of Muslim women in playing the three roles of daughter, husband and mother, Javaheri criticizes unfair distribution The power of the rulers pays.The uniformity of the poetic space, coherence, observance of the unity of the subject, continuity and logical connection between words and concepts, harmony between words, firm language and the poet's striking tone throughout the poem are the most important features of the poem in highlighting the discourse.